多花黑麦草品种比较试验

2005年，在四川成都双流县城郊用特高（Tetragold）、杰威（Splendor）、邦德（Abundant）、旺饲（Apance）4个品种多花黑麦草进行品种比较试验，4个品种在出苗期、分蘖期、拔节期基本相同，差距在1～2天，抽穗期杰威、邦德较特高、旺饲提前；鲜草产量特高为2543．2g／m^2，杰威为3381．21g／m^2，邦德为2636．83g／m^2，旺饲为1818．33g／m^2，杰威最高。4品种比较杰威、特高可在云、贵、川地区推广种植。     

不同播量对燕麦生长发育的影响

研究了五种播量（60kg/hm^2、120kg/hm^2、180kg/hm^2、240kg/hm^2和300kg/hm^2)对家庭牧场“圈窝子”燕麦（YTY品种）生长发育及营养成分的影响。结果表明，燕麦分蘖的总数和单位面积的株数随播种量的增加呈上升趋势，但每株分蘖数呈下降趋势；播得为180kg/hm^2时燕麦青干草产量最高（1650.78g/m^2），粗蛋白质产量为200.73g/m^2。燕麦生长发育的规律对不同播量的反映具有一致效应，随播量的加大燕麦粗蛋白质的含量呈逐渐降低的趋势，粗纤维含量呈逐步上升的趋势，而粗脂肪和粗灰分的变化不明显。播量增加不利于燕麦叶量的积累，相对较有利于茎量的积累。家庭牧场“圈窝子”内是种植苹科收获青干草最理想的地方。     

施磷水平对青引1号燕麦饲草产量和蛋白产量的影响

对青引1号燕麦采用不同施磷处理,探讨不同施磷对其饲草产量和蛋白产量的影响,找出最佳的施磷量,为青海省燕麦饲草生产提供了理论依据。结果表明：青引1号燕麦在不同施磷处理下,总分蘖数、株高无显著变化。在施磷量90kg／hm^2时有最大有效分蘖数（2．00个／蘖）,在施磷75kg／hm^2时有最大茎粗（0．584cm）。青引1号燕麦在施磷量60kg／hm^2,乳熟期收获时可获得较高的饲草产量（29855．0kg／hm^2）。青引1号燕麦在施磷量75kg/hm^2,开花期收获可获得较高的蛋白产量（2177．2kg／hm^2）。各时期饲草产量和蛋白产量（Y）与施磷量（P）的数量关系均可用Y=a＋bp＋cP^2表示。     

高寒地区燕麦与箭箸豌豆混播增产效应的研究

在甘肃省天祝县高寒地区对一年生牧草燕麦和箭管豌豆混播增产效应进行了研究。结果表明，混播群落中燕麦与箭苦豌豆通过对光能、养分、水分等资源的相互协同利用，提高了资源利用效率，群落草层高度和单位面积干物质产量增加。其中，以燕麦76kg／hm^2＋箭管豌豆42kg／hm^2混播草地的种间协同效应最佳，干物质产量为5900kg／hm^2，比燕麦和箭管豌豆单播分别增产15．7％和68．6％。     

苏丹草-黑麦草轮作中氮磷钾配施对饲草产量与养分积累的影响

在大田试验条件下采用“盐池”苏丹草（Sorghum sudanense cv．Yanchi）与“邦德”一年生黑麦草（Lolium mzdtiflorum vc．Abundant）轮作研究氮磷钾肥配合施用对饲草产量及养分积累的影响。结果表明：氮磷钾配施处理中（NPKN450kg／hm^2、P2O5 180kg／hm^2、K2O300kg／hm^2）的饲草鲜草产量在各处理中最高,两季合计达162．7t／hm^2;其中苏丹草鲜草产量为102．3t／hm^2,分别比不施肥（CK）、不施氮（PK）、不施磷（NK）和不施钾（NP）处理增产352．7％、356．7％、28．2％和13．9％;黑麦草鲜草产量为60．4t／hm^2,分别比CK、PK、NK和NP处理增产344．1％、255．3％、24．8％和25．3％。配施NPK处理,全生育期饲草干物质目均积累量为65．2kg／hm^2,分别比CK、PK、NK和NP处理高215．0％、197．5％、22．00．4和9．6％,苏丹草与黑麦草的干物质日均积累量分别为104．5kg／hm^2和36．9kg／hm^2。氮磷钾配施显著促进饲草的养分积累,全生育期的饲草N、P2O5和K2O积累量分别为500kg／hm^2、210kg／hm^2和1196kg／hm^2,同时,N、P2O5和K2O日均积累量分别为1．37kg／hm^2、0．58kg／hm^2和3．29kg／hm^2^2;其中苏丹草的日均积累量分别为2．12kg／hm^2、0．79kg／hm^2和4．16kg／hm^2;黑麦草的日均积累量分别为0．84kg／hm^2,0．43kg／hm^2和2．66kg／hm^2。     

施氮对蓝茎冰草种子产量及产量组分的影响

以蓝茎冰草为实验材料，经过2年研究表明：随着施氮量增加，蓝茎冰草种子产量增加；同一施氯量下，秋春分施氮肥处理的种子产量高于春季1次施氮处理，其中秋施45kgN／hm^2、春施90kgN／hm^2时，种子产量最高。达341．4kg／hm^2；单位面积生殖枝数是影响蓝茎冰草种子产量的主要组分，其生殖枝主要由上年果后短营养枝转化；连续2年施氮使单位面积生殖枝数显著增加，秋施45kgN／hm^2、春施90kgN／hm^2时，生殖枝数／m^2最多，达232．3枝；秋施90kgN／hm^2、春施90kgN／hm^2时，小穗数／生殖枝与种子千粒重最高，为11．2个和4．857g。     

饲用燕麦品比试验

为筛选出适合巍山县大面积推广种植的燕麦品种,试验选用燕王、领袖、贝勒、青海白燕麦、挑战者和甘肃花燕麦6个饲用燕麦品种,对其进行了品比试验。通过物候期观察,对6个品种的茎叶比、鲜干比、主要农艺性状、生长速度、再生速度和干物质产量等指标进行了测定。结果表明:甘肃花燕麦株高1.09 m±0.02 m,分蘖数9.7个±2.08个,生长速度0.78 cm/d,无病害发生,鲜草产量和干物质产量分别达37.56 t/hm~2±1.45 t/hm~2和9.85 t/hm~2±0.68 t/hm~2,鲜草产量极显著高于挑战者(P0.01),干草产量显著高于挑战者(P0.05)。综合分析认为,甘肃花燕麦具有生产性能好、适应性强等优点,可作为巍山县饲用燕麦优选推广种植品种。     

N、P、K肥配施对杂交甜高梁草产量及效益的影响

应用D-最优化设计研究N、P、K肥配施与杂交甜高粱品种甜格雷兹饲草产量及效益的关系，结果表明：N肥对草产量和效益影响最大；在较高N水平下，P、K间交互效应均利于甜格雷兹的增产增收；其最优施肥方案为N150．53kg／hm^2、P20550．82kg／hm^2、K2075．71kg／hm^2，草产量为112．09t／hm^2，获得效益20．902×10^3元／hm^2。     

良种燕麦在海北地区的引种栽培试验

在海北高寒地区对6种良种燕麦进行引种比较试验,结果表明,在海拔3100m地区,青海444和87—444两个品种种子完全能成熟,全生育天数为126d,其他品种由于气温低（年均温-0．1℃）,生长季短,种子不能完全成熟,但籽实产量和产草量均极显著高于当地黄燕麦。青引2号在海拔2800m以下种植,种子完全能成熟,籽实产量平均达3336．4kg／hm^2,生育期为120d左右,可在当地进行种子繁殖。     

几个青贮玉米品种在云南宣威的适应性研究

通过在云南省宣威市对夏播的16个青贮玉米（Zeamags）进行品种筛选试验，并对其生育期、适应性、生物产量和植株营养成分进行分析，最后筛选出适宜宣威夏播的青贮玉米品种有：云优78，鲜草产量可达到2092．69kg／667m^2，干物质产量可达到511．34kg／667m^2，粗蛋白含量为8．69％，粗脂肪含量为1．55％，粗纤维含量为23．90％，粗灰分含量为5.30％，无氮浸出物含量为55．86％；云优21，鲜草产量可达到1855．93kg／667m^2，干物质产量可达到494．64kg／667m^2，粗蛋白含量为9．84％，粗脂肪含量为1．62％，粗纤维含量为24．80％，粗灰分含量为5．20％，无氮浸出物含量为53．14％。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.