大绿豆草粉对蛋鸡育成期产蛋期生产性能研究

大绿豆草粉对蛋鸡育成期产蛋期生产性能研究杭州市农业局赵敏灯塔养殖总场鲍咏梅，郑长峰大绿豆草粉是印尼大绿豆在初花前地上部植株所制成的草粉，经多次抽样实测：粗蛋白１７．３３％，粗纤维１７．６６％，钙０．８７％，磷０．２２％，属优质高产饲草。用该草粉饲喂蛋...     

印尼大绿豆草粉喂猪试验

本试验对完全配合饲料与印尼大绿豆草粉替代７％，１４％，２１％，２８％的配合饲料进行了饲喂效果研究。经９０天的饲喂试验结果表明，各替代量试验组与完全配合饲料具有相同的增重速度（精）料肉比降低，每千克毛肉所耗饲料（包括草粉）成本亦有所下降，但效益不显著。     

新城疫病毒HN基因分子遗传变异及其功能性研究进展

新城疫病毒（Newcastle disease virus，NDV）（PMV-1）是一种高致病性病毒，对禽类危害较大，是世界公认的两大重要禽病之一。新城疫（Newcastle disease，ND）于1926年首次暴发于印尼爪哇121和英国新城，在此之前．中欧亦有类似报道。     

桑园套种印尼大绿豆的经验

1990年我站在临海市大田区东塍镇西洋头村桑园套种绿肥作物印尼大绿豆,对改良桑园土壤作用明显,夏秋酷热干旱,能降低地温,台风暴雨,可削弱地面径流,减少水土冲刷,并提高了土壤渗透性和吸水、保水能力。现把桑园套种印尼大绿豆主要特点介绍如下。一、印尼大绿豆的主要特性1.适应性强,耐瘠、耐旱1990年我站试种的桑园都是滩地沙土,土壤肥力低。尤其该年从7月3日开始一直到8月3日连续30多天高温干旱,其它豆科作物大都枯死,而印尼大绿豆却仍正常生长。     

夏季豆腐渣喂猪要谨慎

（一）绿豆 1．绿豆籽实。采取饮用法，取绿豆籽实适量，加水20倍，煮至半生半熟，凉后饮喂，饮足为度。水底的绿豆，可任其自由采食。 2．绿豆衣。是生绿豆芽时漂洗出的绿豆皮，煎汤饮用，效果不亚于绿豆，医书有“其凉在衣”之说。     

绿豆蛋白粉配制无鱼粉蛋鸡日粮试验

为了筛选出绿豆蛋白粉无鱼粉蛋鸡日粮，针对鱼粉、绿豆蛋白粉的营养特点及生产中使用的绿豆蛋白粉无鱼粉蛋鸡日粮的缺点，通过添加蛋氨酸、多维素、酵母粉等设计了含绿豆蛋白粉分别为８％、１０％和１３％的无鱼粉日粮对２５２０只２６０日龄商品代海赛克斯产蛋鸡进行６０天三重复饲喂对比试验。结果表明：含１０％绿豆蛋白粉无鱼粉日粮与喂含８％和１３％绿豆蛋白粉无鱼粉日粮相比为最佳日粮，平均产蛋率（８６．１２％）差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５），分别高出０．７５和０．９０个百分点，提高０．８８％和１．０６％；平均蛋重和饲料转化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），但平均蛋重仍分别提高０．１７％和０．４２％，饲料转化率仍分别提高１．３５％和０．９０％；死淘率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；每ｋｇ饲料单价比８％绿豆蛋白粉日粮低０．０２８元，下降１．７９％；每ｋｇ鸡蛋利润差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），分别提高９．０２％和８．２３％。     

旋扭山绿豆牧草与菠萝叶混合青贮的研究

试验旨在解决高水分旋扭山绿豆牧草单独青贮品质差和菠萝叶资源浪费的问题，探索不同比例菠萝叶与旋扭山绿豆牧草混合青贮对发酵品质的影响。混合比例分别为：100%旋扭山绿豆（CK组）、90%旋扭山绿豆和10%菠萝叶（10%PL组）、85%旋扭山绿豆和15%菠萝叶（15%PL组）、80%旋扭山绿豆和20%菠萝叶（20%PL组）、75%旋扭山绿豆和25%菠萝叶（25%PL组），青贮60 d后对发酵品质进行分析。结果显示，随着菠萝叶比例增加，青贮中可溶性碳水化合物（WSC）和乳酸（LA）含量显著提高（P<0.05）。与CK组相比，各处理组青贮的pH值和氨氮（NH3-N）含量均显著降低（P<0.05），粗蛋白损失率降低，未产生丁酸（BA）。研究表明，添加20%左右的菠萝叶与旋扭山绿豆混合青贮较为适宜。     

绿豆蜜汁奶加工新工艺

绿豆蜜汁奶具有营养丰富、口感清爽、清热利尿、滋阴壮阳等特点，是夏季饮料佳品，适于集体、下岗人员及个体劳动者加工生产。其制作工艺如下：1．处理绿豆：选择饱满、无霉烂、脂肪蛋白含量高的绿豆是生产优质蜜汁奶的基础。生产前将泥砂、杂物、烂豆剔除。用35℃左右温水加适量小苏打粉，使pH在7．5～80之间，浸泡2～3小时，待豆皮变软，随即用手工搓绿豆皮。2．浸泡脱腥：将已脱皮的绿豆按豆、水1：12的比例，用加碱（pH值为11～12）的100℃开水浸泡脱皮绿豆7～10分钟，用清水冲洗、滤水待用。3．研磨分离：磨浆时的水温一般控制在75℃…     

大绿豆刈割牲状与生产力的研究初报

<正> 大绿豆(Phaseolus aureus vav)又名四季绿豆、番绿豆和印尼绿豆,为豆科菜豆属一年生草本植物。原产东南亚一带,在本世纪五十年代晚期首次由两广引种栽培为绿肥。六十年代初,才从广西引入我省作为绿肥试种。1965年又曾试作饲料进行栽培。发现它是一种饲、肥兼用的有希望的豆科作物。此后由于试验中断,致使种子颗粒无存。     

畜禽用药期间应忌喂的10种饲料

１．绿豆 凡畜禽用药期间，就应该忌喂绿豆。因为绿豆具有“解金石、药草诸毒”的作用，在用药期间使用，可使药效降低甚至失效。 ２．黄豆和黑豆 黄豆和黑豆中钙、镁等元素含量较多，可与四环素族的药物（常用的有四环素、土霉素、强力霉素等）结合成不溶于水，难以被畜禽机体吸收的络合物，从而降低药物的疗效，增加了治疗费用。 ３．菜豆和高粱 菜豆和高粱含有大量的鞣酸。其中每千克菜豆中含鞣酸３０００～５０００ｍｇ；杂交高粱中鞣酸含量高。鞣酸一是可使铁制剂变性，使畜禽不能吸收；二是可以使次硝酸铋分解，失去作用；三是可使碳…     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.