兰州地区草坪草品比试验初报

对多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾、紫羊茅等10个草坪草种的36个品种,在兰州进行引种品比试验。试验结果表明:多年生黑麦草的百瑰(综合评分7.4)、顶峰、百得萨、百宝(皆为7.0)、首相(6.8)出苗迅速,成坪快,高羊茅的节水草(6.4)、凌志(6.2)、TF6、天霸、RTF(皆为6.0)建坪迅速,是进行普通绿化的首选品种;紫羊茅的百绿、皇冠(皆为7.6),百牛、百丽佳和百琪(皆为6.2),早熟禾的巴赞(7.2)、百蒂雅(6.8),硬羊茅的百妃娜(6.2),绿度和质地指数7～9,观赏价值高,是建植高等级草坪的理想品种;生长缓慢的巴赞、百绿、百丽佳成坪后草层低矮整齐,可免修剪或少修剪。     

几种冷地型草坪草在江淮地区前期适应性初探

对4种冷地型草坪草品种在江淮地区的前期生长进行了观测评价,同时对其若干生理指标做了测定与分析.结果表明:各品种草坪草前期生长表现出的质量优劣依次为:多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne>凌志>美洲虎3号>猎狗5号;抗旱性强弱依次为:凌志Festuca arundinacea cv. Barlexas> 美洲虎3号Festuca arundinacea cv. Houndolog5>猎狗5号Festuca arundinacea cv. Jarguar3>多年生黑麦草;越夏和越冬表现较好的为美洲虎3号和凌志,猎狗5号和多年生黑麦草次之.     

湖北江汉平原冷地型草坪草的坪用特性研究

对湖北江汉平原引种的24个冷地型草坪草品种,包括高羊茅Festuca arundinacea8个品种,草地早熟禾Poa pratensis12个品种,多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne4个品种的密度、均匀度、生长速度等坪用性状进行系统测定,同时运用灰色关联理论中的关联度分析方法对各品种进行了综合评判,筛选出综合坪用性状表现优良的草坪草品种有:高羊茅品种“凌志”和“猎狗5号”,草地早熟禾品种“超级伊克利”、“自由2号”、“百老汇”和“解放者”。     

河西走廊足球场草坪适宜草种筛选及评价

通过1999—2003年对引种栽培的22个草坪草品种,从抗寒性、质地、密度、耐践踏及抗逆性等进行对比分析观察,筛选出适合河西走廊建植足球运动场草坪草品种11个。其中草地早熟禾Poa pratensis品种有：新哥来德(Nuglade)、纳苏(Nassau)、克利(Kerley)、亨特(Huntsville)、康派(Compact)、午夜(Midnight);苇状羊茅Festuca arundinacea品种有：凌志(Barlexas)、沸浪(Finelawn)、巴比松(Barbizon)、爱瑞(Arid)、维加斯(Vegas)。运用灰色关联度分析法对各草坪草的质量进行了综合评价,构建了在河西走廊地区种植足球场草坪的基础。     

喀斯特生态环境高羊茅新品种比较试验

为鉴定贵州省草业科学研究所选育出的高羊茅“98-1”，“98-2”和“98-5”等新品种(系)时喀斯特生态环境的适应性，于1999-2001年在喀斯特突出地区、石漠化和水土流失较严重的长江上游，毕节地区农科所进行了品种比较试验。结果表明，高羊茅“98-1”，“98-2”，“98-5”和CK1的抗逆性明显优于对照(CK)品种凌志。坪用性状的综合表现，只有高羊茅“98-1”优于对照品种凌志，其余参试品种不如凌志。说明参试的几个高羊茅新品种(系)都适宜喀斯特生态环境种植。其中，高羊茅“98-1”可以作为草坪草在生产上大面积推广应用，     

草坪工厂生产引种筛选试验研究

3年的试验表明:草地早熟禾、高羊茅、黑麦草、匍匐翦股颖可作为工厂化立体培植草坪的主要草种,多年生黑麦草匹克、首相发芽快可用作草坪工厂化生产的保护草种.经草坪质量综合评定,供试草坪草凌志Ⅱ、巴比松、节水草高羊茅,绿坪B5、绿坪B3、百思特、百胜、巴润草地早熟禾,匹克、首相多年生黑麦草,摄政王匍匐翦股颖均适宜在贵州及其类似地区进行草坪工厂化生产.     

内蒙古赤峰地区牧草与草坪草引种试验

对自百绿集团引进的6种牧草,5种草坪草进行引种试验。对牧草的出苗速度、产量、抗寒性、抗病性、倒伏性,草坪草的出苗返青速度、盖度、抗寒性、抗病性、颜色等性状在内蒙古赤峰进行了2年的观察。综合表现较好的5个草坪草品种及2个牧草品种,可在当地推广。     

15种冷季型草坪草在扬州地区的适应性评价

通过测定生长特性和坪用指标,对15种冷季型草坪草在扬州地区的适应性进行综合评价,以期为扬州地区冷季型草坪草引种提供依据。结果表明:草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)各品种表现好,综合评价高,最适于在扬州地区种植,其中旗舰(Corsair)和洁妮2代(GinneyⅡ)2个品种表现尤为突出,在建坪时可优先考虑;多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)可考虑做先锋草或补播引用;高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)各品种可作为粗放型的草坪草引种,其中家园(Plantation)和精华(Essential)2个品种表现较好;翦股颖(Agrostis stolinifera)的2个品种A-1和A-4都表现突出,适合在本地区种植。     

二十八个冷季型草坪草品种的耐盐性比较

在干旱区的硫酸盐型土壤上,采用田间小区试验法,对28个冷季型草坪草品种的耐盐性进行比较,草坪型黑麦草品种间的耐盐性差异不显著,耐盐性最强,草坪型高羊茅品种次之,紫羊茅品种普通的耐盐性较？“派尼”强,草地早熟禾品种“公园”,“橄榄球2号”,“亨特”相对较耐盐,参试种幼苗的耐盐性次序为草坪型高羊茅,细弱剪股颖＜草坪型黑麦草＜匍匐紫羊茅＜草地早熟禾＜硬羊茅,以出苗率,保苗率和空隙率为指标,综合评价28个草坪草品种的耐盐性,佳丽2号,三A,高帽,凌志,贝克,未来2000E,爱神特,博士的耐盐性最强;美洲虎3号,矮星2号,小野马,飞思达2号,猎狗5号,交战2号次之,橄榄球2号,公 羊1号,亨特,美洲王,普通,高地,派尼,公园再次,康尼,优异,斯巴达,纳苏,抢手股,齿塔基最差。     

西宁地区草坪草引种品比试验研究

通过对西宁地区5个种16个品种草坪草的引种品比试验,对其环境适应性(青绿期,抗病性,越冬、越夏)和坪用性状指标(密度、颜色、质地、耐践踏性和幼苗生长速度)进行测定,对环境适应性、绿地型、运动型坪用性状进行综合评定.结果表明:草地早熟禾Poa pratensis的午夜和抢手股,加拿大早熟禾P.compressa的印第安酋长,多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne的阳光具较好的环境适应性和较高的坪用性状,既适宜绿地型草坪建植,又适宜运动型草坪建植;高羊茅Festuca elata的2个品种适宜运动型草坪建植;紫羊茅F.rubra派尼是绿地型草坪建植的理想品种;多年生黑麦草的美洲豹较适宜绿地型草坪建植.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.