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南方地区中国荷斯坦牛乳中体细胞数变化规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用最小二乘法分析了南方地区某奶业集团2006年7个牛场2 063头中国荷斯坦牛22 377次乳中体细胞数(SCC)测定日记录,以揭示SCC的变化规律.结果表明乳中SCC为459.49×103士924.66×103个/mL,不同牛场、月份、泌乳月和胎次对乳中体细胞数的影响均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),而产犊季节对乳中SCC的影响未达到显著水平(P＞0.05).SCC随着胎次和泌乳月的增加有升高的趋势. 相似文献
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Cathy Durbin Kevin Guo Wherly Hoffman A. Eric Schultze Sandy White 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(2):157-162
Background: The CBC is an essential test for assessing the health of rats used in drug development studies. Because of limited blood volume, estimates of cell counts from a blood smear would be valuable when other analytical methods of enumerating cells are not possible or available. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a statistical model to accurately estimate WBC, platelet (PLT), and RBC counts in blood smears from rats. Method: Blood smears and quantitative cell counts were obtained from vehicle‐treated male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=65) involved in a variety of studies. The numbers of WBCs, PLTs, and RBCs were estimated in 10 fields in the monolayer of smears using × 20 (WBC) or × 100 (PLT, RBC) objectives. Using a statistical model and the quantitative cell counts obtained on an ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer, formulas were developed to predict the quantitative counts from the estimates. Results: Data were log‐transformed before analysis. A formula was derived using the slope and intercept of the regression line between cell estimates and ADVIA counts to predict WBC, PLT, and RBC counts based only on estimates. A second formula was developed for situations in which limited quantitative analyses may be available, and resulted in even more accurately predicted counts from smear estimates. Conclusion: The formulas developed in this study can be a valuable tool in estimating cell counts from a blood smear when cell counting instruments are not available or when an instrument cell count needs to be verified. These formulas may be useful in the assessment of rat blood in discovery and lead optimization studies. 相似文献
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Itaru Sato Jun Sasaki Hiroshi Satoh Masahiro Natsuhori Takahisa Murata Keiji Okada 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(8):1090-1095
Blood and urine were compared to clarify which is a better sample for estimating the concentration of radioactive cesium in muscles of live cattle. The most probable concentration of 137Cs in muscles was 21.0 times that in blood, and the error of this estimation was 28%. The concentration of 137Cs in blood was estimated accurately using urine samples. The estimation error did not increase so much (33%), even when the concentration of 137Cs in muscles was estimated using urine samples. On the other hand, the maximum volume of blood that can be collected with one syringe is 50 ml, whereas it is easy to collect 1,000 ml of urine. It took at least 360 min to confirm that a cow meets the legal standard by inspecting 50 ml of blood. However, with 1,000 ml of urine, a 20 min measurement time was sufficient for this purpose. This difference in the required measurement time is critically important for practical use. In addition, urine can be collected by farmers themselves, whereas the blood collection requires a veterinarian. Therefore, urine is a more convenient and practical sample for estimating the contamination level of live cattle with radioactive cesium. 相似文献
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牛瘤胃酸中毒症三项血液指标的回顾性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
马成梅 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2002,32(5):18-19
对武威地区 2 0例瘤胃酸中毒病牛的三项血液生理指标进行了回顾性分析 ,其结果 :红细胞 (RBC) 8.82× 10 1 2 ±2 .2 0× 10 1 2 L增加 ;白细胞 (WBC) 13 .5 4× 10 9± 4.49× 10 9 L显著增加 ;白细胞分类 (WBC -DC)也有不同程度的变化 ;尤以分叶核嗜中性白细胞 (4 6.1± 15 .5 % )显著增加 ;淋巴细胞 (4 0 .2 8± 18.9% ) ,嗜酸性白细胞 (0 .9± 1.65 % )和嗜碱性白细胞 (0±0 % )都显著减少。 相似文献
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Itaru Sato Ryoma Yamagishi Jun Sasaki Hiroshi Satoh Kiyoshi Miura Kaoru Kikuchi Kumiko Otani Keiji Okada 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2100-2106
In the region contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident, radioactive contamination of live cattle should be checked before slaughter. In this study, we establish a precise method for estimating radioactive cesium concentrations in cattle blood using urine samples. Blood and urine samples were collected from a total of 71 cattle on two farms in the ‘difficult‐to‐return zone’. Urine 137Cs, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, pH , sodium, potassium, calcium, and creatinine were measured and various estimation methods for blood 137Cs were tested. The average error rate of the estimation was 54.2% without correction. Correcting for urine creatinine, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, or potassium improved the precision of the estimation. Correcting for specific gravity using the following formula gave the most precise estimate (average error rate = 16.9%): [blood 137Cs] = [urinary 137Cs]/([specific gravity] ? 1)/329. Urine samples are faster to measure than blood samples because urine can be obtained in larger quantities and has a higher 137Cs concentration than blood. These advantages of urine and the estimation precision demonstrated in our study, indicate that estimation of blood 137Cs using urine samples is a practical means of monitoring radioactive contamination in live cattle. 相似文献
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Jun Sasaki Megumi Uehara Itaru Sato Hiroshi Satoh Yoshitaka Deguchi Hiroyuki Chida Masahiro Natsuhori Takahisa Murata Kenji Ochiai Kumiko Otani Keiji Okada Nobuhiko Ito 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(9):1333-1339
To study the effect of ionizing radiation on thyroid glands, 66 Japanese Black cattle residing in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2013–2017 were pathologically examined. There were no clinical symptoms of thyroid disease in these cattle. Three cases of goiter and seven of atrophy were found in two among the four farms examined. Cases of goiter exhibited normal morphological structure without mass or nodule formation in thyroid glands. Cellular atypia or capsular invasion of the follicular epithelium was absent. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in goiter cases ranged from maximum 797 mSv to minimum 24 mSv. All lobules in the seven atrophic thyroid glands were affected, but pathological findings, such as inflammatory cell infiltration or stromal fibrosis, were not observed. The estimated integrated dose of external radiation in atrophic thyroids ranged from maximum 589 mSv to minimum 8 mSv. Immunohistochemical analysis of anti‐nitroguanosine and the TUNEL method in goiter and atrophic thyroid glands did not reveal any positive findings. The present study indicates that there was no significant relationship between a radiation effect and pathological findings in any thyroid glands. 相似文献
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Sachi TANAKA Yasuhiro NAGAI Yoko NOGUCHI Masato MIYAKE Kouichi WATANABE Shyuichi OHWADA Hisashi ASO Takahiro YAMAGUCHI 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(5):597-604
Although distinct cytokine expression in T cell subsets is well understood in mice and humans, limited information is available on bovine T cell subsets. In the present study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of 10 kinds of cytokines and CD25 expression in CD4+ , CD8+ , WC1+ and WC1- γδ T cell subsets in bovine peripheral blood by Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation. CD25 expression was significantly increased in CD4+ , CD8+ and WC1+ γδ T cells, but not in WC1- γδ T cells by Con A stimulation. In CD4+ T cells, the mRNAs of Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF-β and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were expressed in control cultures, and IL-3, IL-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were newly expressed when the cells were stimulated with Con A. CD8+ T cells expressed the mRNAs of IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β and TGF-β in control cultures, and newly expressed those of IL-2, IFN-γ and GM-CSF, but did not express those of IL-3, IL-4 or IL-10 after Con A stimulation. The cytokine expression profile of WC1+ γδ T cells was similar to that of CD8+ T cells. However, WC1- γδ T cells did not express any cytokine mRNA except TGF-â mRNA. These results will contribute to elucidate the participation of T cell subsets in immune responses against infectious disease in cattle. 相似文献
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Bovine mastitis and mastitis control were investigated on smallholder farms in central Kenya. After an initial observational study, a clinical trial to assess the impact of three different mastitis control strategies – (1) improved udder hygiene, (2) treatment of subclinical cases, and (3) a combination of these – was conducted on 100 randomly selected farms with 332 lactating cows. Before the implementation of control measures, the milk yield was low (mean 6.5 kg/day; median 6 kg/day) and somatic cell counts (SCC) were high, with 80% and 43% of cows having milk with SCC greater than 250×103 cells/ml and 600×103 cells/ml, respectively. Infectious pathogens were also commonly isolated, with 63% of cows being positive for pathogenic bacteria. Neither intervention strategy alone had any effect on mastitis indicators or milk yield. In combination, the measures had some impact, lowering the prevalence of contagious pathogens by 18%, but this was not reflected in a significantly increased milk yield, lowered SCC or reduced incidence of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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Jun Sasaki Kayoko Hiratani Itaru Sato Hiroshi Satoh Yoshitaka Deguchi Hiroyuki Chida Masahiro Natsuhori Takahisa Murata Kenji Ochiai Kumiko Otani Keiji Okada Nobuhiko Ito 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(12):2084-2089
Fifty‐one Japanese black cattle from four farms in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident were examined pathologically during the period, 2013–2016. We found no evidence of a radiation effect on pathological findings in any of these autopsy cases, although nine cases (3.7%) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and three cases (1.2%) of goiter were diagnosed. Estimated integrating dose of external exposure in EBL cases ranged from a maximum of 1200 mSv to a minimum of 72 mSv. Clinically, five cases showed wobble, dysstasia or paralysis. Exophthalmos was observed in three cases. Macroscopically, enlarged lymph nodes, multiple irregular masses of intra‐abdominal and intrapelvic adipose tissue, diffuse thickening of the abomasal submucosa with ulceration, and numerous white nodules of myocardium were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were extensively proliferated and infiltrated in the lesions. Lymphoid tumor cells showed mature or large lymphoblastic appearance. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BLA‐36, CD20 and CD5, and negative for CD3. Three cases showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with no mass or nodule lesion. Histologically, diffuse proliferation of follicular epithelium was observed with preservation of normal structures. There were no malignant findings such as cellular atypia or invasion to capsule. 相似文献
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选择产奶牛237头,平均质量（600±151）kg,按照泌乳量相近的原则分为黄芪素组、中药组和对照组,考察中药和中药提取物（黄芪素）对奶牛乳蛋白率、乳脂率、产奶量、体细胞数和乳房炎发病率的影响。结果表明,中药和黄芪素对乳蛋白率、乳脂率和产奶量影响差异不显著;中药组用药前后比较,其奶牛乳房炎检出率由用药前的8．33％下降到2．09％,比黄芪素组下降5．41％,比对照组下降3．61％,比其他产奶牛下降4．02％。中药组预防奶牛乳房炎效果明显（P〈O．05）。 相似文献
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L. Armato M. Gianesella M. Morgante E. Fiore M. Rizzo E. Giudice 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2016,66(2):119-124
This study assessed the effect of dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall (YCW) and live cell yeast (LCY) at different dosages on rumen’s metabolites. Sixty steers were divided into two groups on the basis of their feeding phase: growing and finishing. Growing and finishing groups were each randomly divided into equal three subgroups (n?=?10): no supplement (growing control), supplemented with YCW, and supplemented with LCY?+?YCW, no supplement (finishing control), supplemented with LCY and supplemented with LCY?+?YCW. Ruminal fluid has been collected before, after 21 and 42 days of experimental period in order to evaluate the volatile fatty acids concentrations and pH values. Statistical analysis showed a significant effect of time (P?P?n-butyric acid were found, whereas no statistical significances were found among finishing subgroups. 相似文献
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牛膝多糖对脂多糖免疫应激仔猪血液生化指标和白细胞分类计数的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
试验旨在探讨牛膝多糖(ABPS)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的断奶仔猪血液生化指标和白细胞分类计数的影响。选用48头(28±3)d、体重(8.45±0.14)kg的杜洛克×长白×大白断奶仔猪,采用2×2因子设计,两个因子分别为不同日粮处理(0或500mg/kgABPS)和免疫应激(注射LPS或生理盐水)。试验期28d。在第14天和第21天,每日粮组的一半猪注射100μg/kgBW的LPS,另一半注射生理盐水作对照。注射后3h,采血测定血液生化指标,并进行白细胞分类计数。结果表明:LPS刺激提高了第14天和第21天血清中碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶(GOT)的活性及谷草转氨酶与谷丙转氨酶的比值(P0.05),并降低了第21天血清总蛋白和白蛋白的含量(P0.05);ABPS提高了第14天血清总蛋白和球蛋白的含量(P0.05)。在第14天,LPS刺激降低了白细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞和中性粒细胞的含量及单核细胞比例(P0.001)。在第21天,LPS刺激降低了白细胞、淋巴细胞的含量及比例,而提高了中性粒细胞比例(P0.001)。ABPS提高了白细胞(14d:P0.10)和中性粒细胞(14d:P0.05;21d:P0.05)的含量及中性粒细胞比例(14d:P0.05;21d:P0.10),降低了淋巴细胞比例(14d:P0.05;21d:P0.10)。结果提示,LPS可引起仔猪血液生化指标和白细胞分类计数发生显著变化,ABPS在一定程度可缓解上述现象,表现出一定的改善免疫和缓解炎症的作用。 相似文献
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应用锥板式粘度计和红细胞电泳仪对31 头健康黄牛血液流变学7 项指标进行测定。结果:全血粘度0.2cm/s 时3.09 ±3.39mPa·s,0.5cm/s 时3.66 ±3,29mPa·s,2cm/s 时4.88 ±3.35mPa·s,5cm/s 时5.38±3.17mPa·s,20cm/s 时5.51±2.12mPa·s,50cm/s 时4.84 ±2.30mPa·s,100cm/s 时3.42±0.97mPa·s;全血比粘度4 .42 ±2 .30 ;血浆粘度0 .2cm/s 时1 .39 ±0.49mPa·s,0 .5cm/s 时1 .12±0 .62mPa·s,20cm/s 时1.34±0.35mPa·s,50cm/s 时1.42±0.35mPa·s,100cm/s 时1.11±0.11mPa·s;血浆比粘度1.23±0.28;红细胞电泳时间5.45±0.85 S;血沉0.46±0.37mm/h;红细胞压积容量32 .4 ±4 .04mm 。上述7项指标均无年龄、性别差异。 相似文献
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Marina Pasquini Andrea Osimani Stefano Tavoletti Itzhak Moreno Francesca Clementi Maria Federica Trombetta 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(1):176-185
Buffalo milk represents an indispensable source of nourishment in many parts of the world and it is the second most consumed milk worldwide. Buffalo milk is actually used for the production of many dairy products such as pasteurized or concentrated milk, butter, yogurt, ice‐cream, dehydrated milk products and cheeses. Due to its high nutritional value and the presence of natural bioactive substances, buffalo milk can also provide health benefits to consumers. In Italy, buffalo milk is used mainly for cheese making, mozzarella PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), which is a highly valued dairy product. This 3‐year study, carried out between 2011 and 2013, was aimed at evaluating the quality of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo milk by monitoring physico‐chemical parameters, somatic cell and total bacterial counts. A total of 51 samples of bulk milk were collected from one herd throughout the monitored period. Analysis of variance, carried out to test month, season and year main effects, highlighted remarkable seasonal effects for fat, protein and lactose content, as well as for predicted mozzarella cheese yield, and somatic cell counts. The calculation of simple correlations allowed the identification of positive correlations between estimated cheese yield and fat and protein content. 相似文献
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Somatic cell counts of 2570 milk samples from 765 cows collected bimonthly from November 1975 to May 1976 were transformed to logarithmic values and analysed statistically. Components of variance were estimated as follows: Herds 0.033 (13 %), age groups 0.021 (8%), cows (within herds and age groups) 0.080 (31%), months 0.014 (6%), residual 0.107 (42%). Correction of actual cell counts for the influence of milk yield on the day of sampling led to only small changes in the magnitude of the various components. The coefficient of correlation between samples from the same cow was computed as 0.60 when the samples were from the same lactation, and 0.37 for samples from consecutive lactations.The proportionately small variation among herds as compared to the variation among cows of the same herd throws doubt on the efficiency of cell counting in samples of herd milk as a way of identifying cows with high cell counts. 相似文献
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热应激与牛血液成分的变化 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
本文在应激概念的基础上,阐明了热应激对牛血清成分的变化有显著的影响。并且从牛血清中血糖、血红蛋白、T3、T4、皮质醇、生殖激素、维生素、酶等方面的变化分析了牛热应激作用的机理。 相似文献