不同建植方式对兰引3号结缕草无土草皮质量的影响

采用撒茎覆盖法、开沟植茎法、栽植法和撒茎镇压法4种方式建植兰引3号结缕草(Zoysia japonica‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’)无土草皮,通过观测草皮生长过程中坪用性状,分析不同建植方式对草皮质量的影响,以期为兰引3号结缕草无土草皮生产提供技术参考。结果表明,撒茎覆盖法的盖度为93.67%、密度为9 844株·m-2、均一性8.17、色泽7.6、生长速度4.63 mm·d-1、草屑生物量38.91 g·m-2均高于其余3种建植方式,且整体表现为撒茎覆盖法栽植法撒茎镇压法开沟植茎法。综合分析认为,撒茎覆盖法适合兰引3号结缕草无土草皮生产,而开沟植茎法成坪慢、盖度低,均一性较差,不适合作为兰引3号结缕草无土草皮的建植方式。     

废弃物生产地毯式草皮的研究

以废弃物为铺网进行地毯式草皮培植及其铺坪建植,并对培植草皮、草皮铺坪建植性能指标进行了研究.结果表明,由于同草种废弃物铺网不同,培植草皮性能差异相对较大,铺网生产性能差异相对较小;除个别废弃物外,多数废弃物生产地毯式草皮均十分理想.草种不同,草皮及铺坪效果也不同.因此,生长快、根系发达并对铺网适应性好的草种是理想草种.     

铺网和不同栽培基质对草皮质量的影响

通过田间试验,研究了铺网和不同栽培基质组合对草皮质量的影响,以期为网草皮生产提供依据。结果表明,铺网能显著提高草皮强度,降低草皮破损率,缩短成卷时间。农田土(60%)+羊粪(20%)+河沙(20%)成坪和成卷时间最短,草皮生长速度最快,质地最优,颜色最深,密度和强度最大;农田土(100%)草皮破损率最小;河沙(60%)+农田土(40%)草皮重量最轻。草皮综合质量评价显示,C基质即农田土(60%)+羊粪(20%)+河沙(20%)C+尼龙网是生产草皮的最佳组合。     

补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被恢复的影响

在甘肃省甘南州临潭县研究围栏内补播和划破草皮对退化亚高山草甸植被的高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数的影响。结果表明,在各划破草皮处理中,牧草总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数随着补播量的增加而增加,植被高度随着补播量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。补播和划破草皮有显著互作效果,补播量3[垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)播量为49.1 kg·hm-2,老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus) 播量为67.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号(Medicago sativa cv.Gannong No.1)播量为23.3 kg·hm-2]和划破草皮组合的牧草地上生物量(201.5 g·m-2)、总盖度(88.2%)和功能群物种多样性总指数(1.203)达到最大值,补播量1（垂穗披碱草播量为26.7 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号为0）和划破草皮组合的植被高度(11.7 cm)达到最大值。就各补播水平平均值而言,划破草皮植被高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数显著高于未划破草皮。综合考虑高度、总盖度、地上生物量和功能群物种多样性总指数,经关联度分析可知,补播量2（垂穗披碱草播量为37.5 kg·hm-2,老芒麦播量为52.5 kg·hm-2,紫花苜蓿甘农1号18.3 kg·hm-2）和划破草皮为最优组合。     

草种配置对高寒人工草地群落多样性和生产力的影响

本试验在黄河源区河南县研究了不同播种物种数（1,3,6,9,12,15）草种组合的人工群落配置对植被群落多样性和生产力的影响,旨在找到最优的群落配置组合,以期为今后人工草地的科学管理和退化草地快速恢复提供理论依据。研究结果表明：与对照相比,人工草地建植第1年和第2年植被地上生物量均显著（P<0.05）增加,其中3个草种组合的地上生物量最高。各处理物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数﹑均匀度指数在第1年和第2年之间差异不显著（P>0.05）,其中9个草种组合的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最大。人工草地建植第1年播种物种数与地上生物量呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,而在第2年无显著相关关系。播种物种数与物种丰富度﹑Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度指数在2018年和2019年均呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。在2018年,地上生物量与物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均无显著相关关系,在2019年,线性关系表现为极显著负相关（P<0.01）,地上生物量和均匀度指数在2018年和2019年均呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。综上,在高寒人工草地建植初期,以生产力为主时,建议选择3物种组合;以多样性为主时,建议选择9物种组合。     

狗牙根草坪草营养体建坪法研究

在贵州气候条件下,以矮生“兰引I号”狗牙根的营养体为繁殖材料,采用4种建坪方法,从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性等方面进行了综合对比试验。结果表明:埋茎法建植草坪质量最佳,适于高质量草坪的建植;分株法建植草坪成坪速度快,适于建植地块条件较差的中等质量草坪;撒茎法需大量水分保证、间铺草皮块法成坪速度慢,两者成坪质量都不高,且建植成本高,生产上建议不采用。     

狗牙根草坪草营养体建坪法研究

在贵州气候条件下,以矮生"兰引Ⅰ号"狗牙根的营养体为繁殖材料,采用4种建坪方法,从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性等方面进行了综合对比试验.结果表明埋茎法建植草坪质量最佳,适于高质量草坪的建植;分株法建植草坪成坪速度快,适于建植地块条件较差的中等质量草坪;撒茎法需大量水分保证、间铺草皮块法成坪速度慢,两者成坪质量都不高,且建植成本高,生产上建议不采用.     

匍匐翦股颖草坪草营养体建坪法的研究

在贵州气候条件下，选择本地野生匍匐翦股颖为材料，对4种营养体建坪方法从盖度变化、成坪时间、均一性等方面进行了综合比较。结果表明：埋茎法建植草坪质量最佳，适于高质量草坪的建植；分株法建植草坪成坪速度快，适于建植地块条件较差的中等质量草坪；撒茎法需大量水份保证、间铺草皮块法成坪速度慢，两者成坪质量都不高，且建植成本高，生产上建议不采用。     

遮荫对冷季型混播草坪土壤呼吸速率、温度及生物量的影响

以草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和高羊茅组成的冷季型混播草坪为研究对象,测定了树冠遮荫41%和全光照下的草坪的土壤呼吸速率、叶绿素和地上生物量等指标。试验结果表明：（1）遮荫下混播草坪在白天的土壤呼吸速率低于光照充足下的草坪,尤其在14∶00时有着显著差异（P〈0.05）;（2）从土壤温度和土壤水分的日变化分析,遮荫降低了混播草坪的土壤温度,到14∶00以后与全光照处理趋于一致;土壤水分含量的变化呈先降低,后升高的趋势,从8∶00～12∶00,遮荫下的土壤水分含量均高于全光照混播草坪;（3）全光照下草坪的土壤呼吸速率与土壤水分含量存在显著的正相关,但遮荫下二者的相关性不显著;（4）遮荫显著地提高了草坪草的叶绿素a、b及整个叶绿素含量,降低了地上部生物量。     

西南地区野生马蹄金无性繁殖特性研究

采用野生马蹄金Dichondra repens（SD200310、SD200411、GD200504、SD200304）为材料,研究了无性系构件克隆生长的时间动态、形态、空间构型等。结果表明：1）主茎增长率随时间推移而下降,空间扩展依赖源株和早生分株、叶片的贡献;2）移植植株生长和茎叶扩展之间对物质能量的需求变换,导致了无性系的生长格局及无性系构件和生物量在空间上的分配与配置差异;3）以5 cm×5 cm草皮间铺栽植在密度为D2（40 cm×40 cm）时,主茎长（22.33 cm）、叶片数（28.38片）、节数（24.76节）和节长（1.42 cm）的均值达最大值,呈最佳生长状态,为合理的建植密度;4）随密度增加,间隔子长度递减,分枝角度增加,分枝强度减小,体现了在密度影响下的可塑性变化。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.