桉树幼林施肥的养分间交互效应及合理施肥方案研究

采用二次通用旋转组合设计,开展桉树幼林施用钙镁磷肥、尿素、复合肥、硼肥4种肥料组合定位施肥试验,结果表明,桉树幼林施用钙镁磷肥、尿素、复合肥和硼肥均有显著或极显著的促生效应,且钙镁磷肥与尿素、复合肥的交互效应不明显,而硼肥与钙镁磷肥、尿素或复合肥以及尿素与复合肥均存在交互效应;营养元素的重要性排序为N>P>K>B,N、P元素的单独施用只有在P2O552.5 g.株-1、N 46 g.株-1以上时才具有明显促生效应,而N、P、K肥配施能有效促进生长,同时施用硼肥只有在施用适量N、P、K肥料的前提下才有意义;最优施肥组合为每株施钙镁磷肥500 g+尿素200 g+复合肥425 g+硼砂30 g(N 160 g,P2O5143 g,K2O 68 g,CaO 200 g,MgO 60 g,B 4.5 g,有效养分总量635.5 g),N∶P2O5∶K2O∶CaO∶MgO∶B=1.00∶0.89∶0.43∶1.25∶0.38∶0.03,以理论产量的70%作为目标产量的可能性,则采用本施肥配方2年生单株材积效应值可达0.027 8 m3。     

不同产区杉木幼林施肥效应及主要影响因子

对不同产区杉木幼林施肥效应研究结果表明 :边缘产区河南信阳杉木幼林施肥当年单施N肥、P肥效果较好 ,NP、PK、NPK肥配施效果好于单施 ;以处理 11(NP2K1)效果最好 ,比对照 (CK)树高、胸径连年生长量分别提高 39%～104%和 54%～136%。一般产区江西分宜杉木幼林施肥对胸 (地 )径生长的影响要大于树高 ;P肥无论是单施还是与其它肥料配施 ,均表现出较好的效果 ,尤其以处理3(P3)效果最为显著 ,4年中杉木幼林胸 (地 )径连年生长量较对照(CK)提高 13%～ 37%。中心产区福建顺昌杉木幼林施肥对树高和胸径生长的影响不如河南信阳和江西分宜 ,施肥虽然表现出一定效果 ,但对杉木幼林生长效应影响效果不稳定 ;施肥第 3年效果好于其它年份 ,以处理 9(P1K1)最好。土壤条件、气候因子、苗木的树高和胸径本底值是影响杉木幼林施肥林木生长效应的主要因子     

施石灰及保水剂对尾巨桉幼林生长的影响

对尾巨桉造林后施石灰、保水剂,研究林地土壤水分及酸碱性变化对林木生长的影响。结果表明:造林后3个月追肥时,增施石灰或保水剂可显著促进尾巨桉幼林生长。其中1年龄林木以施肥料+保水剂处理组的胸径、树高最大,显著高于其他处理,2年龄林木各处理组间胸径差异不显著,但以施肥料+石灰处理组的树高最大,显著高于其他处理组。施用10 g/株、20 g/株及30 g/株不同保水剂用量梯度对1年龄林木生长影响差异不显著,但对2年龄林木的树高影响差异显著,以30 g/株的保水剂用量的处理组林木树高最大,显著高于其他处理。     

施肥对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响

采用L9(34)正交设计,探讨氮、磷、钾肥配施对幼龄腰果植株生长和结果的影响.试验结果表明,对于2龄腰果植株,最佳施肥组合为N1P1K1,年施氮(N)150 g/株、磷(P2O5) 50 g/株和钾(K2O) 50 g/株处理,可以促进植株生长;对于3龄腰果植株,年施氮250～450 g/株处理,植株的冠幅、株高增量随着氮施用量增加而增大,磷、钾影响不显著;现蕾期和初花期,P2O5 90 g/株和K2O 200 g/株处理的植株现蕾、开花枝梢比例最高,施氮影响不显著;盛花坐果期,施N 350 g/株、P2O5 150 g/株和K2O 150 g/株处理的植株现蕾开花枝梢比例最高.氮和钾对3龄植株结果影响较大,年施N 250～450 g/株处理,平均株产量随着氮施用量的增加而增加,最佳施肥组合为N3P1K2,施N 450 g/株、P2O5 90 g/株和K2O 150 g/株处理,可以促进3龄腰果植株结果.3龄植株腰果产量与初花期叶片钾(K)含量(0.43%～0.47%)和盛花坐果期叶片N含量(1.89%～2.20%)呈直线显著正相关.     

水肥互作对蒜苗生长和品质的影响

在微垄膜下滴灌种植方式下设置不同施肥比例与灌水定额试验组合,对蒜苗生长、产量和品质指标进行定量监测。结果表明,施N 300 kg/hm2、P2O5 225 kg/hm2、K2O 225 kg/hm2+灌水量1 350 m3/hm2处理的假茎粗12.36 mm,单株鲜重41.43 g;折合产量最高,为46 094.40 kg/hm2。施N 300 kg/hm2、P2O5 225 kg/hm2、K2O 225 kg/hm2+灌水量900 m3/ hm2处理的WUE最大,达46.05 kg/m3。综合产量、品质等评价指标,推荐应用施N 300 kg/hm2、P2O5 225 kg/hm2、K2O 225 kg/hm2+灌水量1 350 m3/hm2的灌溉施肥制度。     

氮磷钾养分对寒地膜荚黄芪生长及药用成分影响

养分是影响黄芪生长的重要因素,研究N、P、K对膜荚黄芪生长及药用成分的影响,以期为寒地黄芪营养调控提供基础支撑。在大田试验条件下,通过N、P、K单因素试验和L_9(3~4)正交试验,分析1年生膜荚黄芪在不同因子水平及多因子配施下植株表观生长量和根系药用成分含量变化。1)在不同氮素水平条件下,膜荚黄芪株高差异不显著;根长N2显著高于其他处理(P0.05);茎粗、10 cm处根粗(R1)N2和N3差异不显著,但显著高于N1和CK;地下鲜重各氮素处理差异不显著(P0.05),地上鲜重N3与N1、N2差异不显著,显著高于CK(P 0.05)。毛蕊异黄酮苷、刺芒柄花苷N2与N1、N3差异不显著,但显著高于CK(P0.05);毛蕊异黄酮差异不显著;多糖N2与N1差异不显著,但与N3、CK差异显著;在不同磷素水平条件下,膜荚黄芪根长表现P3和P2差异不显著,但显著高于P1和CK(P0.05);根粗(R1)P1和P2差异不显著,但显著高于P3和CK(P0.05)。P1处理的膜荚黄芪根系毛蕊异黄酮苷和刺芒柄花苷含量最高(P0.05),而多糖含量显著低于其它处理。在不同钾素水平下,膜荚黄芪株高、1 cm处根粗(R0)、地下鲜重、地上地下鲜重比值均表现为K2、K3和CK差异不显著,但显著高于K1(P0.05)。毛蕊异黄酮苷和刺芒柄花苷含量K2处理与K1、CK差异不显著,但显著高于K3(P0.05);毛蕊异黄酮含量K3处理显著高于其它处理;多糖含量各处理差异显著,含量高低顺序为CKK3K2K1。2)N、P、K配施条件下,K元素对膜荚黄芪影响较大,株高、茎粗、根粗(R1)、地上鲜重及地下鲜重达显著水平(P0.05),N、P对膜荚黄芪影响较小。膜荚黄芪毛蕊异黄酮苷和多糖受N、P、K元素影响大小为KNP,刺芒柄花苷含量受N、K元素影响达到显著水平(P0.05);毛蕊异黄酮含量在各处理差异不显著。N、K元素的增施有利于植株的生长、生物量及多糖的积累,N、P、K元素对膜荚黄芪影响效果为KNP;单元素施肥时,氮肥(20 g/m~2)、磷肥(15 g/m~2)、钾肥(20 g/m~2)对膜荚植株生长有显著促进作用,而氮肥(20 g/m~2)、磷肥(7.5 g/m~2)、钾肥(20 g/m~2)对药用成分积累均有显著促进作用;三元素配施时,N2P2K3处理(N 20 g/m~2,P 15 g/m~2,K 30 g/m~2)有利于膜荚黄芪植株生长及根系多糖积累,而N1P2K2处理(N 10 g/m~2,P 15 g/m~2,K 20 g/m~2)有利于黄酮类物质的积累。建议种植生产中,根据实际需要进行定向施肥管理。     

氮磷钾肥对紫云英产量及养分积累的影响

通过田间试验,研究了NPK肥对紫云英生长、产量及养分积累的影响.结果表明,NPK配施能促进紫云英生长,显著提高产量和养分积累量.NPK处理(施N 75 kg/hm2 、P2O5 60 kg/hm2和K2O 60 kg/hm2)的紫云英茎数、株高和每茎复叶数分别是不施肥处理的3.77、1.81和1.60倍,是施PK处理的2.19、1.23和1.16倍,是施NK处理的2.11、1.16和1.11倍,是施NP处理的1.44、1.19和1.16倍.NPK配施的鲜草产量分别比不施肥、PK配施、NK配施及NP配施处理增加26.47、14.22、7.18和10.74 t/hm2.不同施肥处理都能使紫云英的养分积累量显著提高,其中NPK配施处理的紫云英地上部N、P2O5、K2O和C的积累量最大,分别是不施肥处理的3.66、3.27、2.85和2.80倍.试验结果说明,合理施用N、P、K肥能明显促进紫云英的生长,提高产量和养分积累量,有利于提高紫云英种植效益.     

不同用量有机肥对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同用量有机肥处理对芒果果实品质及果园土壤肥力的影响,旨在为生产上芒果科学施肥提供技术支持。结果表明:与不施有机肥处理(CK)比较,增施有机肥处理使果实可溶性固形物含量提高10.1%~21.6%、Vc含量提高3.1%~38.4%、可滴定酸含量下降6.6%~16.0%、固酸比提高17.9%~44.9%。增施有机肥提高了土壤有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca、交换性Mg、电导率及p H值,促进土壤肥力水平的提升。综合比较,以T2处理(有机肥7.5 kg/株+尿素400 g/株+高钾复合肥1.25 kg/株)对改善果实品质和改良土壤性状效果最好。     

不同施肥处理对红壤性水稻土团聚体的分布及有机碳、氮含量的影响

土壤采自江西省红壤研究所历经22年的肥料定位试验地,各施肥处理为:不施肥(CK)、施N肥(N)、施P肥(P)、施K肥(K)、施N、P肥(NP)、施N、K肥(NK)、施N、P、K肥(NPK)、施双倍N、P、K肥(2NPK)、施N、P、K肥和有机肥(NPK OM).研究了不同施肥处理对水稻土团聚体分布的影响以及土壤有机C、N在各级团聚体上赋存的情况.研究结果表明:有机C、N主要分配在2～0.25 mm的大团聚体上,C/N比随着团聚体粒级的减少而降低;水稻土团聚体的形成与有机C(SOC)密切相关,表现出与“层次性“机制相符的现象;施P、K、NK肥和NPK OM显著提高大团聚体的含量和团聚体的稳定性;NPK OM也显著提高土壤有机C、N和各级团聚体上的有机C、N的含量.     

长期施有机肥与缺素施肥对潮土微生物活性的影响

利用中国科学院封丘农业生态国家实验站潮士农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验地,研究长期施有机肥或缺索施肥对农田土壤呼吸强度及酶活性的影响.结果发现,与不施肥对照(CK)相比.施肥处理均不同程度地提高了土壤的呼吸强度及转化酶、脲酶与磷酸酶活性;从N、P、K平衡施肥角度比较,施有机肥[OM)与有机无机配施(1/20M+1/2NPK)的效果均显著高于施无机肥(p<0.05);从缺素施肥角度分析,缺P显著低于NPK处理(p<0.05),缺N次之,缺K影响较小.结果表明,长期配施有机肥更有利于提高潮土的微生物活性,长期缺施P肥最不利于保育潮土的微生物学质量.     

Assessment of urea coated with pomegranate fruit powder as N slow-release fertilizer in maize

It has been hypothesized that plant polyphenol plus lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses can immobilize/remineralize inorganic fertilizers, such as urea, better than polyphenol alone. To test this hypothesis, urea was coated with pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit powder (containing polyphenol+lignin+cellulose) at rates of 0%, 30%, 70%, and 100% (w/w) of fertilizer urea. Fertilizer nitrogen was applied at 100 and 200 mg kg^?1 soil in a clay loam soil. This natural coating material, particularly at the rate of 100% (w/w), improved the distribution of mineral nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) in soil during both early and advanced growth stages of maize and significantly increased total crop N and P uptake at both rates of fertilizer nitrogen compared to urea alone. The results suggest that urea coated with the powder of pomegranate fruit could potentially be an N slow-release fertilizer for use in better synchronizing crop N demand with soil N supply.     

人工幼林施肥对紫椴光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响

为了提高紫椴人工林培育效益,以紫椴10年生人工幼林为研究对象,采用二次回归正交旋转设计筛选出适宜的追肥配比为:氯化钾97.70、钙镁磷肥126.47和尿素241.90 g/plant。N、P、K肥都有提高净光合速率和蒸腾速率的作用,以N肥最为明显;三者在对净光速率和蒸腾速率的影响方面存在叠加效应。净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化趋势相似,但在时间上存在差异,每日净光合速率的提高滞后于蒸腾速度的提高。     

长期不同施肥对红壤性水稻土磷素及水稻磷营养的影响

【目的】合理的土壤磷素管理对作物生产和环境保护具有重要意义。南方双季稻田土壤磷素特征及磷素吸收信息相对缺乏,本文利用江西省稻田土壤质量演变定位监测试验为平台,系统分析长期不同施肥措施下土壤全磷、磷活化系数及水稻磷素吸收量的变化特征和全磷与磷盈亏的响应关系等,为指导磷肥合理施用提供重要科学依据。【方法】从1984年开始在江西省南昌市进行长期定位试验,设置8个处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK),PK、NP、NK、NPK、70%化肥氮+30%有机肥氮(70F+30M)、50%化肥氮+50%有机肥氮(50F+50M)、30%化肥氮+70%有机肥氮(30F+70M)。早稻施用纯N、P2O5和K2O量分别为150、60和150 kg/hm^2,晚稻分别为180、60和150 kg/hm^2。早、晚稻施用的氮、磷、钾化肥均分别为尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾,有机肥分别为紫云英(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.30%、0.08%、0.23%)和腐熟猪粪(N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为0.45%、0.19%、0.60%)。除30F+70M处理,其余处理均为等氮磷钾设计。于1984-2012年每年早、晚稻收获期采集秸秆和稻谷计产,并于晚稻收获后,测定土壤全磷和有效磷含量。分析土壤全磷、磷活化系数(PAC)及早、晚稻磷素吸收量随种植年限的变化规律,研究土壤全磷含量与磷累积盈亏的响应关系。【结果】经29年连续试验,NK处理土壤全磷含量以每年4.6 mg/kg的速度下降,而含磷化肥处理土壤全磷含量升高速率为3.3~19.4 mg/(kg·a)。有机无机配施处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)升高速率平均为16.1 mg/(kg·a),是施NPK肥处理的4.89倍。施磷土壤全磷含量平均增至1.07 g/kg (2010-2012平均值),较初始值提高了1.18倍。不施磷肥处理土壤磷活化系数(PCA)由试验初始的4.24%下降至2.5%左右,施磷肥处理则均显著升高,其中有机无机配施处理平均升高至8.51%,平均年升高速率是施NPK处理的2.89倍。早、晚稻磷素吸收量,施磷肥(PK、NP和NPK)和化肥配施有机肥处理(70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)均显著高于CK,提高幅度分别为29.9%~124%和28.6%~103%,均衡施肥(NPK、70F+30M、50F+50M和30F+70M)磷素吸收量显著高于不均衡施肥(PK和NP)处理,前者平均分别较后两者提高了38.7%和32.9%。早、晚稻产量与磷素吸收量呈极显著线性正相关关系,每吸收磷(P) 1 kg,早稻和晚稻产量分别可提高115和106 kg/hm^2。不施肥(CK)条件下,土壤全磷变化与累积磷盈亏间无显著相关关系,施NK肥处理土壤中每亏缺磷100 kg/hm^2,土壤全磷含量降低6.0 mg/kg,施化学磷肥的3个处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均提高9.3 mg/kg,而3个有机–无机配施处理,土壤中每盈余磷100 kg/hm^2,平均增加63.3 mg/kg,是无机磷肥的6.78倍。【结论】无论是单施化学磷肥,还是有机无机配施均有效提高土壤全磷含量及磷活化系数,且在等磷量投入条件下,有机无机配施较单施化肥的效果更优。建议减少中国南部红壤性稻田土壤的总磷输入量和提高有机肥施用比例,以改善粮食生产和保护环境。     

利用葡萄酒糟生产有机复混肥研究

研究了以葡萄酿酒后副产物皮渣和籽渣为原料,采用化学腐熟促进处理、微生物好氧发酵和添加复配N、P、K等方法生产有机复混肥,该产品有机质含量≥300g/kg,N、P、K总含量≥250g/kg,并含有10多种中微量元素,田间试验结果表明与等养分和等价格化肥相比,施用该有机复混肥可增产10％以上,对多种经济作物品质有明显改善作用,且改土培肥效果明显。     

不同肥料和N减量施用对旱作玉米生产的影响

通过在山西寿阳旱农试验区进行玉米地不同肥料和N减量处理试验，得出：普通肥、增效肥以及增效肥减量施用后对玉米出苗率、株高生长以及产量的影响效果不同；其增产、增效作用的排序为：增效复合肥〉普通复合肥〉增效尿素〉普通尿素，施用增效复合肥对植株生长、植株N和K含量状况有所改善；增效复合肥和增效尿素的N利用率为13．1％～27．3％和0．9％～14．2％，优于普通肥料；N减量15％施用后，玉米产量不但没有显著减少，而且增效肥的N利用效率最高，尿素的N利用效率与N100％施用差异不大。N减量30％和45％施用的产量之间没有显著差异，减量越大，N的利用效率反而越高。通过氮肥合理减量施用，可以达到提高氮肥利用率、节本增效和减少养分向环境流失的目的。     

Yield and protein content of barley as affected by release rate of coated urea and rate of nitrogen application

Coated urea consists of a urea core and a polymer coating. It meters out urea over a period of time. In the market place, price is favorable for high protein content feed barley. The objectives of this study were to determine release rate of urea from coated urea products and relative effectiveness of urea, coated urea or a mixture of coated urea products with different release rates in increasing yield and protein content of barley. Release rate of coated urea Mini I (quick release) and Mini II (slow release) in water was determined at 23°C by recovering ten pre‐weighed granules from 500 mL water at 6 h, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 days. The recovered granules were dried and then weighed. Barley (Hordium vulgare L. cv. Duke) was grown in potted soil (2 L) at 15°C for 90 days in a growth chamber with treatments of Nil, non‐coated urea, Mini I, Mini II, Mixture I (1/3 urea+1/3 Mini I+1/3 Mini II) and Mixture II (1/5 urea+2/ 5 Mini I+2/5 Mini II). The nitrogen (N) application rates were 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha^‐1. Above‐ground plant samples were taken at 22, 44, 66, and 90 (maturity) days after seeding, and dry matter mass per pot and N content of the plant samples were determined. The release of urea from Mini I and Mini II followed a lognomial pattern. Increasing N application rate increased dry matter yield of barley. Dry matter yield from urea tended to be higher than other treatments at each rate of N application, but that did not couple with high grain protein content. At 100 kg N ha^‐1, there was no post anthesis N assimilation (PANA) for urea and Mini I, but there were 4, 14, and 13% PANA for Mini II, Mixture I, and Mixture II, respectively. However, when N application rate was increased to 200 and 300 kg N ha^‐1, there was PANA even for urea treatment. Protein content of barley grain was higher with coated urea or mixture treatments than with urea at each rate of N application. The potential N loss (i.e., difference between percentN released from fertilizers and percent fertilizer N recovered by barley) was Mini II<Mini I<Mixture II<Mixture I for the same N application rate, and was 100<200<300 kg N ha^‐1 for the same fertilizer treatment. In conclusion, at a limited N application rate, coated urea with a slow release rate or a combination of two coated urea products (quick and slow release) with urea increased grain protein content of barley. The potential N loss was less with coated urea applied alone than with a mixture of coated urea and urea.     

适度干旱和低养分投入促进黄精生长发育与黄精多糖累积

  【目的】  探究在不同水肥胁迫条件下黄精光合特性、生长发育及黄精多糖含量的差异,为黄精栽培生产中水肥管理提供科学依据。  【方法】  试验设4个单因素黄精盆栽试验。水分试验设计灌水量400 mm (严重干旱)、500 mm (中度干旱)、600 mm (轻度干旱)、700 mm (充分供水)、800 mm (极充分供水) 5个水平,不施任何肥料。氮磷钾肥料试验均设4个水平:低量、理论用量、经验用量和超量,氮肥(尿素)依次为110、225、375和525 kg/hm2,磷肥( 磷酸二铵)为260、525、750和975 kg/hm2,钾肥(硫酸钾)为75、150、225和300 kg/hm2,肥料试验灌水量均为当地年降雨量 (680 mm)。在黄精不同生长时期,用光合作用仪测定净光合速率 (P_n)、蒸腾速率 (T_r)、气孔导度 (G_s)、胞间CO₂浓度 (C_i) 等光合参数,用叶绿素荧光仪测定荧光参数值并绘制快速荧光动力学曲线,直尺测定株高、根长,叶面积测定仪测定叶面积,称重法测定根茎鲜重及干重,紫外–可见分光光度法测定黄精多糖含量。  【结果】  中度干旱胁迫下,黄精光合能力较强,根茎多糖含量较高;充分灌水时生长发育旺盛,但光合速率和多糖含量低于中度干旱条件下。氮肥处理P_n、G_s、T_r值均以超量施肥最大,但P_n值随着施氮量的增大呈现先增高后降低再升高的“N”形曲线;以低氮量、经验磷量、低钾量处理的F_m最大,不同水肥条件下的黄精叶片均有明显的OJIP趋势;低量氮肥和低量钾肥条件下黄精的株高及根茎生物量高于其它施肥量处理;黄精多糖含量均以经验施肥量处理最高。在生长指标与黄精多糖含量的相关性分析中发现,株高与根茎生物量呈显著相关性 (P < 0.05),叶面积与黄精多糖含量有极显著相关性 (P < 0.01),黄精的植株越高,其药材生物量越大,而叶面积越大,其体内多糖含量越高。  【结论】  黄精栽培需保持中度的干旱,适当降低施肥量,特别是氮和钾用量,经验用量以下的施肥处理可以在获得较高的黄精根茎生物量的同时,保证黄精良好的生长发育,增大黄精的叶面积,提升光合效能,促进黄精根茎多糖含量的提升。     

Laboratory Evaluation on Ammonia Volatilization from Coated Urea Fertilizers

Coated urea fertilizers are assumed to enhance crop yield and reducing the environmental pollution. Nevertheless, many of the coated urea fertilizers are expensive, thus not readily available for most farmers. In addition, many of these fertilizers release N not in tandem with the plant’s need, thus retard growth. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate effects of coated urea fertilizers on N losses via volatilization. Measurement of ammonia volatilization was carried out using the closed-dynamic air flow system. The study for ammonia volatilization was conducted using different rates of fertilizer (50, 100, and 200 kg N ha^?1) with different types of fertilizer (Urea, Sulfur-coated urea; SCU and Gypsum sulfur coated urea using rotating drum; GSCUD) in 37 days of incubation. The results indicate that SCU represents the best fertilizer which decreases the amount of ammonia volatilization at each rate of fertilizer. Besides, the rate of 50 kg N ha^?1 has the lowest percentage of ammonia volatilization. Moreover, the result proved the effectiveness of coating urea fertilizer may reduce the ammonia loss to the environment and new product which GSCUD can be comparable to the commercial product.     

Response of maize to nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in the savanna zones of Nigeria

Abstract

Field trials were conducted for three years on the response of maize to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on Oyo Soil Series (Arenic Haplustalf) and Iregun series (Aquic Haplustalf) in the derived savanna and southern guinea savanna zones of Nigeria, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer as granulated urea at rates 0–300 kg N/ha, P fertilizer as single superphosphate at rates 0–120 kg P/h, and K fertilizer as muriate of potash at rates 0–180 kg K/ha were used for the different nutrient combinations. The base rates for N, P, and K were 100 kg N/ha, 40 kg P/ha, and 60 kg K/ha, respectively. The results of the trials showed that annual application of the blanket recommended N, P, and K rates to maize grown under intensive land use system could not produce optimum yield. Fertilizer efficiency varied along with soil test values from year to year. The highest response by maize in these zones was to N, the optimum rate ranged from 50–100 kg N/ha. Application of high rates of P and K fertilizers on soils with fairly sufficient nutrient level showed no significant effect on maize yield. But when P and K were applied at low rates (20 kg P/ha and 30 kg K/ha), their contents in the leaf and maize yield, in most cases, increased significantly. The results, however, showed that N, P, and K recommendations for optimum maize yield in both zones are 50–100 kg N/ha, 20 kg P/ha, and 0–30 kg K/ha, respectively.     

施氮模式对春玉米养分累积特性的影响

通过田间试验,研究了施氮模式对春玉米养分累积特性的影响.结果表明,施氮明显提高了春玉米干物质和NPK的累积量及累积速度,这种影响均在拔节期以后更明显.随着生育期推进,春玉米干物质及NPK的累积量均增加,但增加幅度不同.干物质及NP累积量的增加幅度在大喇叭口期以前较小,大喇叭口期以后较大;K累积量的增加幅度则正好相反,大...