京海黄鸡三系配套繁殖性能的相关分析

为了更好地对京海黄鸡配套系繁殖性能进行选择育种,对京海黄鸡杂交配套系(B♂×(F♂×J♀)简称:FBJ)繁殖性状进行了相关分析。数据来自连续四个世代配套系孵化成绩数据记录,对产蛋周、种蛋合格率、毛蛋率、种蛋受精率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率和健雏率等孵化性能进行了相关分析,同时对后4个指标进行了相关分析并建立了种蛋受精率对孵化率、健雏率等的回归方程6个,结果表明:杂交配套系FBJ入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋孵化率与受精率之间的相关系数分别为0.997、0.918,且相关极显著;入孵蛋孵化率与受精蛋孵化率之间相关系数为0.938,相关极显著;产蛋周与种蛋合格率、受精蛋孵化率之间为负相关,相关系数分别为-0.369、-0.398,且相关显著,研究结果为京海黄鸡繁殖性能测定和育种提供了参考依据。     

仙湖肉鸭A系种蛋重与蛋形指数对孵化效果的影响

将仙湖肉鸭A系种蛋按蛋重分为7组、按蛋形指数大小分为6组,在相同条件下孵化,结果表明,蛋重不仅对孵化率、死胚率影响较大,而且对受精率亦有影响。当蛋重在95～99g(D组)时,孵化效果最好,种蛋受精率96.18%,受精蛋孵化率高达83.86%,入孵蛋孵化率达80.66%。当蛋重大于110g时,种蛋受精率下降至89.74%,受精蛋孵化率下降至71.43%,入孵蛋孵化率下降至64.10%;当蛋重小于85g时,受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率分别下降至73.02%和71.88%。蛋形指数对孵化率、死胚率影响也较大,当蛋形指数为0.66～0.74时,受精蛋孵化率达80%以上,入孵蛋孵化率达76%以上,死胚率小于15%,孵化效果较好,且与其它各组差异显著。     

家禽生产性能指标名称和计算方法(试行标准)

孵化 (一)种蛋合格率;数占产蛋总数的百分比。指种母禽在规定的产蛋期内所产符合本品种、品系要求的种蛋种蛋合格率(%)=合格种蛋数产蛋总数X 100(二)受精率:受精蛋占入孵蛋的百分比。血圈、血线蛋按受精蛋计算;散黄蛋按无精蛋计算。受精率(%)=受精蛋数入孵蛋数X 100(三)孵化率(出雏率):1.受精蛋孵化率:出雏数占受精蛋数的百分比。受精蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数受精蛋数X 1002.入孵蛋孵化率:出雏数占.入孵蛋数的百分比。入孵蛋孵化率(%)=出雏数入孵蛋数X 100健雏指适时出壳、绒毛正常,脐比分百的数雏出占。数者禽形雏畸康1无健、指泼 :活率神雏精…     

不同蛋重种蛋孵化效果分析

通过对"峪口京红1号"及"峪口京粉1号"B段不同蛋重范围种蛋进行孵化,对比受精率、1~15 d死胚率、16~21 d死胚率、入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋健母雏率等指标,比较两个品种不同蛋重种蛋的孵化效果。种蛋蛋重分51~54.9 g、55~63.9 g、64~67.9 g三组。结果表明,峪口京红1号蛋重在55~63.9 g时,入孵蛋孵化率、受精蛋健母雏率高于其他两组(P0.05)。峪口京粉1号蛋重在64~67.9 g时,受精率、16~21 d死胚率显著高于51~54.9组(P0.05),1~15 d死胚率显著高于55~63.9组(P0.05);蛋重在51~54.9 g时,受精蛋健母雏率高于其他两组(P0.05)。     

儋州鸡胸肌肉色性状全基因组关联分析

为挖掘影响地方鸡肉色性状的有效SNP位点及功能基因，给儋州鸡育种工作提供有效的数据基础和理论支撑，利用10×深度全基因组重测序技术对200只儋州鸡个体的肉色性状数据进行全基因组关联分析。结果显示，与肉色性状相关的全基因组和潜在显著水平的SNP位点分别为6个和13个，分别位于儋州鸡1、2、4、5号和Z染色体。通过KEGG通路分析和GO注释，预测ACAA2、ACSS3基因可作为儋州鸡肉色性状的重要候选基因。这些结果将为儋州鸡的育种提供候选分子标记，为地方鸡标记辅助选择提供新的思路。     

不同品种鸭的种蛋孵化性能比较

为了比较不同品种鸭的种蛋孵化性能,本试验选取福建省石狮市水禽保种中心国家水禽基因库内饲养的攸县麻鸭、麻旺鸭和三穗鸭三个蛋鸭品种,在相同的条件下孵化种蛋。孵化中对无精蛋数、死胚蛋数、受精蛋数、种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率、出雏数、入孵蛋孵化率等孵化性能进行统计比较。研究发现麻旺鸭种蛋孵化性能最高,三穗鸭次之,攸县麻鸭最低。     

全基因组关联分析鉴定太行鸡产蛋性状功能基因

鸡蛋是人类重要的蛋白质来源，产蛋性状是鸡重要的经济性状，鉴定鸡产蛋性状相关的重要功能位点对于蛋鸡育种意义重大。本研究采集了1 100只太行鸡样本，记录其产蛋数和开产日龄2个表型，使用目前在农业动物中广泛应用的低深度重测序技术对全部样本进行基因分型。本研究共鉴定到覆盖全基因组的680万个单核苷酸多态性位点。针对产蛋数性状和开产日龄性状分别进行方差组分估计和全基因组关联分析，遗传力估计结果显示2个性状的遗传力均较低，其中开产日龄估计遗传力为0.155，产蛋数估计遗传力为0.102。在全基因组关联分析中发现了影响开产日龄的4个候选主效基因CPD、ENSGALG00000007646、ENSGALG00000007656和CDX4，以及16个SNP标记。通过功能富集分析鉴定到了细胞黏附和细胞膜相关通路、质膜钙信号通路以及磷脂酰肌醇信号通路等在产蛋数性状中发挥的重要作用。本研究为太行鸡产蛋相关性状选育提供了重要的分子标记，为下一步的保种育种工作奠定了基础。     

10个SNPs与京海黄鸡生长性状的关联性分析

为了筛选影响京海黄鸡生长性状的SNP标记,寻找影响生长性状的关键基因,本研究利用定制的SNP芯片,对396只京海黄鸡10个SNPs位点直接进行SNP分型,并与京海黄鸡12个生长性状进行关联分析。结果显示,10个SNPs中,共检测到9个SNPs与京海黄鸡1个或多个生长性状显著相关(P0.05),这其中有6个SNPs与2个以上的生长性状显著相关(P0.05),另外3个SNPs(rs431883888,rs16432721和rs16434767)分别与8周龄体质量(BW8)、0~4周龄平均日增重以及2周龄体质量(BW2)显著相关(P0.05)。此外,rs15618356,rs15618356和rs15620544与很长一段时期内(2~16周龄)的生长性状相关(P0.05)。rs431883888,rs16438236,rs16432721和rs16434767对京海黄鸡早期生长性状(2~8周龄体质量)有显著影响(P0.05),而rs14489341和rs13939265与京海黄鸡后期生长性状(8~16周龄体质量)显著相关(P0.05)。遗传学参数表明需要进一步对京海黄鸡进行选育来增加有利基因型的频率。在显著SNPs位点附近共找到8个可能的候选基因,大部分基因在鸡尚属首次报道,其功能尚需进一步研究。本研究验证了之前鸡生长性状的GWAS结果,为京海黄鸡乃至地方鸡种的分子标记辅助选择奠定了基础。     

新兴黄鸡母系繁殖性能的选育

试验采用新兴黄鸡母系C2系23世代为研究对象,以入孵蛋孵化率为鉴别指标,从群体中选出高向组、低向组,并分别测定高低两组的孵化成绩,其中高向组的入孵蛋孵化率为97.5%,受精蛋孵化率为98.5%,受精率为98.9%,三项指标均远高于低向组。高向组、低向组分别自繁子代,其中高向组子代入孵蛋孵化率为92.3%,受精蛋孵化率为96.1%,均高于低向组后代成绩,高低分组遗传效果明显。因此,试验对C2母系的产蛋和孵化指标进行综合繁殖性能世代选种,结果显示:经过3个世代的选育,C2系300日龄产蛋总数117.1个,300日龄合格蛋数113.0个,分别较初选世代提高9.4个、12.9个;种蛋受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率得到不同程度的提高,分别达到95.9%、94.0%和90.3%,比初选世代高1.3%、2.4%和3.4%。结果表明:C2系母鸡的产蛋和孵化性能遗传进展明显,在今后的育种工作中,应该加强对这方面的选育。     

家禽生产性能指标名称和计算方法(试行标准)

<正> 一、孵化 (一)种蛋合格率:指种母禽在规定的产蛋期内所产符合本品种、品系要求的种蛋数占产蛋总数的百分比。种蛋合格率(％)=合格种蛋数/产蛋总数×100 (二)受精率:受精蛋占孵蛋的百分比。血圈、血线蛋按受精蛋计算;散黄蛋按无精蛋计算。受精率(％)=受精蛋数/入孵蛋数×100 (三)孵化率(出雏率): 1.受精蛋孵化率:出雏数占受精蛋数的百分     

The SNP genotypes of growth hormone gene associated with reproductive traits in Tsaiya ducks

Our previous cDNA microarray study showed that the growth hormone (GH) gene may involve in the duck egg formation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and reproductive traits of Tsaiya ducks. Primer pairs for the coding region in the GH were designed based on the duck genomic sequence. Polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand polymorphism (SSCP) and were verified by DNA sequencing. Nineteen SNPs were identified in the duck GH gene, of which three coding SNPs (C3169T, C3700T and C5058G) were genotyped to investigate the associations with reproductive traits. The results showed that each SNP was associated with at least one duck fertility-related trait (p < 0.05). Haplotypes constructed on these three SNPs were associated with fertility rate (FR) and maximum duration of fertility (MDF) (p < 0.05). In particular, diplotype H1H1 was dominant for FR and MDF. This suggested that GH gene polymorphisms are associated with duck fertility-related traits. The SNPs in this gene may be used as potential markers for marker-assisted selection.     

肌细胞生成素基因多态性对京海黄鸡繁殖性状的遗传效应研究

本研究旨在探讨肌细胞生成素(myogenin,MyoG)基因多态性与鸡繁殖性状间的相关性。以378只京海黄鸡为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP技术研究MyoG基因外显子的多态性。运用最小二乘法分析这些突变位点形成的基因型与京海黄鸡繁殖性状间的相关性。结果表明,MyoG基因外显子1上存在1个G102A突变,外显子3上存在1个T36C突变,分别形成基因型AA、AB、BB和CC、CD、DD。关联分析结果显示,基因型AA、AB和BB在京海黄鸡繁殖性状上无显著差异（P＞0.05）;基因型CC和DD在京海黄鸡开产体重上存在显著差异（P＜0.05）,在其余性状上各基因型差异均不显著（P＞0.05）。因此,推测MyoG基因对京海黄鸡的繁殖性状无显著影响,为探索鸡育种过程中的标记辅助选择提供参考资料。     

Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and milk production traits in Italian Brown cattle

Italian Brown is a cattle breed largely exploited in the production of many dairy products in Italy, including typical and traditional cheeses. For this reason, the improvement of selection methods is of economic relevance while a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms regulating milk production is of general scientific interest. We selected a total of 561 samples, representing virtually all Italian Brown bull population, to test for association between milk production traits and 29 known genes harbouring 106 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After filtering, a total of 31 SNPs in 22 candidate genes and 473 bulls were retained. Associations between each SNP and milk traits were tested by a mixed model approach, obtaining seven significantly associated SNPs, two of which (in β-Lactoglobulin) associated with all traits, and four (in Chemokin receptor I, αs1 casein, k casein, fatty acid synthase, thyroid hormone responsive and Oxytocin prepropetide genes) associated with at least one trait.     

Polymorphisms in the canine glutamate transporter-1 gene: identification and variation among five dog breeds

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are important for terminating glutamatergic neurotransmission and protect central nervous system (CNS) neurons from glutamatergic excitotoxicity. We selected these genes as targets that may relate to canine behavioral traits. After screening four EAAT genes (glutamate transporter-1; GLT-1, excitatory amino acid transporter 4; EAAT4, excitatory amino acid carrier; EAAC1, glutamate/aspartate transporter; GLAST) for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we identified two silent SNPs (C129T and T471C) in the GLT-1 gene. We genotyped 193 dogs of 5 breeds and found significant variation among breeds in these two SNPs in GLT-1. The C129T polymorphism was not observed in Malteses and Miniature Schnauzers. These results suggest that polymorphisms in the GLT-1 gene may be useful markers for examining how the genetic background relates to the behavioral traits of dogs.     

Association of bovine KISS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms with reproductive traits in Indian Cattle

Kisspeptins, a family of neuropeptide encoded by the Kiss1 gene, have emerged as crucial regulator of fertility and reproduction by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. The present study was aimed to identify and associate SNPs in the KISS1 gene with reproductive traits in cattle of Indian origin. DNA samples collected from 300 individual cows of three Indian dairy breeds (Gir, Kankrej and Frieswal) of cattle were used in the study. The SNPs of KISS1 gene were identified with PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis using two sets of primer pairs. A total of 5 SNPs were identified in the targeted region of which, two were selected for screening the population and association studies. The analysis revealed that genotypes of rs442633552G>A and rs42022871C>T had a significant association with dry period. The SNP rs42022871C>T also established significant role in milk production traits, and selection of TT-genotyped animals will improve the reproduction and production potential of the animals.     

兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究采用基因克隆及PCR产物直接测序的方法,将MSTN基因作为鸭屠宰性状的候选基因,对兴义鸭的MSTN基因外显子进行多态性检测.结果表明,在60个兴义鸭个体中筛选出8个SNPs,其中,第1外显子有5个突变位点:SNP1(G77A)、SNP2(A91G)、SNP3(G130A)、SNP4(C325T)和SNP5(C331T);在第2外显子中并未发现突变位点;第3外显子有3个突变位点:SNP6(C206T)、SNP7(A235G)和SNP8(C256A);对这8个SNPs与屠宰性状进行关联性分析,结果并未达到显著水平(P>0.05).本研究结果可丰富MSTN基因的研究数据,为鸭的育种提供参考.     

促卵泡激素受体基因第2内含子多态性对如皋黄鸡繁殖性状的遗传效应分析

试验以260只如皋黄鸡为素材,采用飞行质谱技术对位于促卵泡素受体(follicle stimulate hormone receptor,FSHR)基因第2内含子的3个SNPs位点进行检测,并对其与繁殖性状的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,C+29329A突变对开产日龄、开产蛋重及40周龄蛋重有显著影响(P<0.05);而C+30582G只与40周龄总产蛋数呈显著相关(P<0.05);G+51411A则对开产日龄、开产体重及40周龄总产蛋数有显著影响(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,FSHR基因有望成为选育高产蛋鸡的分子标记,辅助选育、开发中国地方鸡品种资源。     

飞行时间质谱法检测水牛黑素皮质素受体4基因多态性

应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF-MS)检测水牛黑素皮质素受体4(MC4R)基因的多态性(SNPs),为今后建立水牛辅助标记选择策略奠定基础。以水牛MC4R基因序列为模板,利用PCR扩增测序法筛查了水牛MC4R基因13个SNPs。为进一步验证筛选的可靠性,应用MALDI-TOF-MS针对380头水牛检测了8个标记的基因型。结果显示,平均检出率为98.0%,能够准确的检测出3种常见的基因型。所检SNP位点的平均最小等位基因频率(MAF)为0.24,平均杂合度为0.28,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.23。本研究建立的基于PCR测序法联合MALDI-TOF-MS检测水牛MC4R基因多态性的方法,具有快速、可靠和准确的特点,为今后开展水牛生产性状基因的SNP分型和检测等研究奠定了基础。     

Rapid Detection of SNPs in Buffalo MC4R Gene by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The study used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for rapid determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in buffalo MC4R gene,which provided a foundation for constructing the marker-assisted selection(MAS)strategy.The cDNA sequence of buffalo MC4R gene was screened rapidly based on PCR amplification and sequencing method,and in which 13 SNPs were found.To further identify the reliability of screening system,8 SNPs were genotyped in 380 buffaloes using the MALDI-TOF-MS technology.The results revealed that 8 SNPs had an average of 98.0% in call rate,and in which three genotypes could be accurately distinguished.The average minor allele frequency (MAF),average heterozygosity and polymorphism information content (PIC) value of the 8 markers was 0.24,0.28 and 0.23,respectively.Our findings indicated that the rapid determination method of MALDI-TOF-MS with PCR and sequencing with highly accurate properties was a useful tool for identifying the SNPs of buffalo MC4R gene that laid the foundations for studying SNP genotype in buffalo genes associated production traits.     

红眼白水貂FSHβ和NCOA1基因多态性及其与繁殖性状的相关分析

本研究旨在检测红眼白水貂促卵泡激素β（follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit,FSHβ）和核受体辅激活蛋白1（nuclear receptor coactivator 1,NCOA1）基因多态性与繁殖性状的关系。采用单链构象多态性（SSCP）和DNA测序相结合的方法检测了红眼白水貂215个个体的单核苷酸多态性,针对红眼白水貂群体的特点建立合适的统计分析模型,利用SAS 9.4统计软件对候选基因进行多态性分析,并采用最小二乘法分析了总产仔数和产活仔数的遗传效应。结果表明,在红眼白水貂FSHβ基因上存在2个多态位点,分别为内含子1处的g.1228G > A突变和外显子2处的g.1866T > C突变;在NCOA1基因上存在1个多态位点,为第6外显子处g.151536T > C突变。在红眼白水貂群体中,FSHβ基因的优势基因为B等位基因,NCOA1基因的优势基因为A等位基因;FSHβ基因g.1228G > A位点的AA和AB基因型个体在总产仔数、产活仔数上均极显著高于BB基因型（P < 0.01）,g.1866T > C位点在总产仔数和产活仔数上呈现BB > AB > AA的趋势;NCOA1基因的AB基因型个体的总产仔数和产活仔数均极显著高于AA基因型（P < 0.01）;g.151536T > C与g.1228G > A的合并基因型对繁殖性状有显著影响（P < 0.05）。因此,可以利用以上突变位点对红眼白水貂的繁殖性状进行标记辅助选择研究。