李渔植物造景思想的研究初探

李渔在《种植部》中记录了约70种园林常见植物,对园林中各种常见花木的外在美、内在美进行了评价,表达了他对各种花木的审美体验和个人感受。本文通过李渔对植物自然属性的分析,归纳出植物按自然习性的栽植特点,对植物观赏特性中色彩、形态、香味的类别进行了划分,总结了各方面的特性在植物造景中的作用和应用,结合芥子园的植物造景特点,说明了李渔在植物景观设计中的主要思想和植物应用的主要观点,对李渔的植物造景思想给予了很好的证明。     

水培植物的应用与管理

水培植物作为一种新型的室内的植物无土栽培方式,以其清洁卫生、格调高雅、观赏性强、环保无污染等优点而得到了国内外花卉消费者的青睐,使得越来越的人对于水培植物愈发喜爱。本文对水培植物的应用与管理问题进行分析,研究了水培植物的应用价值,并对水培植物在日常管理中的操作要点进行了简要归纳,对于水培植物的种植、应用和管理,甚至是商业价值具有一定的意义。     

植物抗寒生理性研究进展

结合低温胁迫过程中相关生理指标的变化,对植物的抗寒性强弱进行了探讨,从而为植物的引种栽培提供参考依据,更为耐寒植物品种的选育奠定基础。通过对目前植物抗寒生理性研究的分析发现,目前广泛采用依据自然降温或人工设置低温胁迫过程中相关生理生化指标的变化,对植物抗寒性进行判断;并对2种方式中分别存在的研究周期长、较难真实模拟自然界低温等特点进行了初步探讨;尤其针对植物的抗寒性易受到环境温度的变化而发生改变的现实,对目前抗寒性研究中依然少见有对降温幅度、持续时间等对植物抗寒性影响的综合性研究进行了展望。     

浅析竹类植物造景

本文从竹类植物的艺术特性、中国竹类植物造园的历史、竹类植物的造景、配置等方面进行了概述,并对竹类植物在园林中的应用进行分析,为今后在园林绿化中的应用进行探索。     

杭州市综合医院园林植物配置调查分析

以杭州市综合性医院为观测点,从植物的种类数量、植物应用频度、植物观赏特性、植物配置形式等方面对其植物配置进行了分析,并提出了一些问题及建议,以期为未来的医疗机构内植物配置提供参考。     

石蒜属植物的研究进展

石蒜属植物为东亚特有属,是一类兼具药用价值与观赏价值的经济植物.对石蒜属植物的生物学特性和研究现状,包括栽培技术、种球繁育、染色体核型及开发利用等方面进行了概括,并对石蒜属植物的未来研究方向进行了展望,为石蒜属植物的进一步研究奠定了基础.     

耐盐碱植物研究进展

概述了耐盐碱植物有关领域的研究进展,包括环境因素对植物的影响、植物耐碱的生理生化基础、植物耐碱分子生物学和耐碱植物的开发利用等4个方面.同时对耐盐碱植物研究的意义和展望进行了简要探讨.     

闵行区体育公园春季观赏植物资源的调查与分析

通过对体育公园内春季观赏植物的全面调查,初步掌握了公园春季观赏植物的种类有113种,其中观花植物66种、观叶植物47种;并对观花植物的花期、花色,观叶植物的叶色等进行了分类统计,同时对木本观花植物的物候期进行了调查;分析了观赏植物种类、生活型、花色、景观效果等,对闵行区园林建设,特别是营造春季景观的树种选择与应用有一定的参考价值。     

园林植物文化与配置的联系及其应用

在分析文化和植物文化的基础上,通过植物本身的文化内涵、植物景观中的人文内涵和运用艺术形式来表达植物文化,对植物的文化在植物配置中的体现进行了归纳总结,进而探讨了植物文化在园林配置中的应用。     

成都市居住区环境的植物造景探究——以成都翡翠城小区为例

植物是景观设计的主要元素。根据植物造景的相关理论,对成都翡翠城小区进行实地考察和收集相关资料文献的基础上,对现代城市居住小区的各类绿地植物造景模式进行了研究和总结,包括中心区域绿地、宅旁区域绿地、组团区域绿地、道路绿地和其他空间绿地等景观空间进行了分析,研究这些不同类型景观空间的植物配置及造景模式,并对造景手法从生态效应、美学观赏、构筑空间、文化内涵等几个方面进行分析和总结,最后总结出成都市现代居住小区环境植物造景和植物配置的基本原则。     

山西省蘑菇属物种资源研究

对山西省大部分地区蘑菇属物种资源进行较为系统的采集调查工作,并对采集的物种进行标本鉴定,共获得蘑菇属真菌标本70余份,鉴定出10种,其中7种为常见种,3种为山西省新记录种,其中2种首次在华北地区发现。该研究对3个新记录种进行了详细的形态学描述,可知山西省蘑菇属物种资源具有重要的研究与开发价值。     

侧耳物种多样性研究现状

资料表明,我国有29种侧耳。根据形态对侧耳分类,同物异名或异物同名的现象比较严重,对有争议的凤尾菇(Pleurotus sajor-caju)等的学名应重新鉴定。文章同时就相关的问题进行了简单的讨论。     

A multiscale assessment of the diversity of New Zealand’s nursery trees

Nurseries play an important role providing trees for a variety of managed environments including urban forests. The diversity of urban forests and forest restoration projects are influenced by nursery species availability, and as such, there is a need to better understand tree species diversity at nurseries. We collected tree species lists from 75 nurseries throughout New Zealand, which were used to describe species richness (alpha diversity) and to examine similarity in the composition of native and non-native species assemblages among nurseries (beta diversity) at three spatial scales: island, region, city. Together, the nurseries grew 863 species, 174 of which were native to New Zealand, from 312 genera and 130 families. Nurseries grew significantly more non-native species (μ = 63.5, σ = 60.6) than native species on average (μ = 31.7, σ = 22.7) (t = 2.99, df = 48.45, p = 0.004). Beta diversity for native and non-native tree species were only significantly different at the scale of cities or regions, not at the larger scale of islands. Few species were grown in all cities or all regions and the majority of those that were common were native species. In contrast, non-native species dominated the unique species at all spatial scales, (i.e., species uniquely grown in one city, region, or island). By quantifying tree species diversity in New Zealand’s nurseries, this research provides a basis to better understand the influence that nurseries have on urban and peri-urban tree diversity, and ultimately how that diversity impacts resilience and the provision of ecosystem services.     

Predicting the distributions of plant species at the regional scale: a hierarchical matrix model

This paper describes a model which links four levels in an ecological hierarchy using a series of matrices. The four levels are landscape, land cover type, community and species. Each matrix quantifies the probabilistic associations between entities in two adjacent levels in the hierarchy. A landscape classification (1 km resolution) provides a spatial element to the model enabling the distributions of species to be predicted and presented as maps within a geographical information system (GIS). Implementation of the model in Northern England is described. The distributions of 579 species of plants were predicted and compared with data from independent field surveys. The predicted distributions were found to be accurate for 59 % of species. The distributions of rare and non-native (introduced) species of plant were relatively poorly predicted. The potential of this approach to model plant species distributions is discussed.     

Species diversity of urban forests in China

A good knowledge of species diversity is essential for urban forest planning and management. In this study, we analyzed species diversity of urban forests in China using data synthesized through a systematic review. Our analysis showed that 3740 taxa of woody plants at species level and below have been reported in urban forests in 257 cities. Merging to the species level, there were 2640 species, including 1671 trees, 743 shrubs, and 226 lianas. Salix babylonica L. was the most widely distributed urban tree species in China. Overall, native species accounted for 76.02% of the observed species while the rest were exotic species. Inside cities, parks contained more species than other types of land use. Among cities, composition similarity of urban forests decreased as spatial distances among them increased. Besides, there was a latitudinal pattern in compositional similarity of urban forests in China. The relatively low ratio of the number of woody plant species in urban forests to these naturally distributed in China indicates that there is plenty of room for increasing species diversity of urban forests in China. However, cautions must be taken to avoid increasing compositional similarity of urban forests in China at the same time.     

Plant species response to urbanization: comparison of isolated woodland patches in two cities of North-Western France

The effect of urbanization on species distribution has been extensively documented, but a main challenge in urban ecology is to better understand the factors causing different distributions among species in response to urbanization. Hence, this paper aims to compare the effects of urbanization on woodland plant assemblages in two cities and to describe species responses by using several indicators. The study was carried out in the cities of Angers and Rennes (North-Western France) where 11 isolated woodlands were surveyed along an urban–rural gradient in each city. Abundance data of spontaneous species were collected from 220 quadrats. The effect of land cover (within a 500 m buffer around each woodland) on species assemblages was investigated by Canonical Correspondence Analysis. Buildings and pavement areas were the most significant predictors of species composition, and the effect of location in Angers or Rennes appeared on the second axis. More than 60% of the most frequent plant species were indicator of urban or rural location and their preferences were similar in the two cities. These lists of urban and rural indicator species were compared with Ellenberg’s indicator values and two other indicators specific to forest environment. The species which grow preferentially in urban woodlands are species which are already known to be associated with recent forests rather than ancient forests; with hedgerows rather than woodlands. The opposite pattern was observed concerning rural species. Moreover, urban indicator species have higher optima for soil pH and soil nitrogen content than rural indicator species. Different characteristics and history of forest habitat—continuity of the forest land cover, linearity of the habitat, change in adjacent land cover and land use—could select the same species, and the responses of the latter might involve different preferences concerning soil alkalinity and nutrient status.     

云南秋海棠属植物资源调查研究

 通过对云南秋海棠属植物资源的野外调查采集和引种栽培研究, 归纳概述云南秋海棠属植物的地理分布、形态特征、观赏性状及其栽培特性, 为种质资源保存和有性杂交育种, 以及进一步合理开发利用资源提供依据。     

西藏东南地区不同海拔果树昆虫群落多样性研究

为了明确西藏地区果园昆虫种类组成及多样性,对该地区果园昆虫种类、数量进行了系统调查,分析探讨了西藏地区低、中、高3个不同海拔区域果园昆虫群落的组成、群落丰富度、多样性、均匀度和优势度等特征。结果表明,在不同海拔的昆虫种类组成具有明显差异。调查共采集到昆虫标本877个,隶属13目47科71种,其中,低海拔地区共51种,占比71.83%;中海拔地区17种,占比23.94%;高海拔地区11种,占比15.49%。低海拔地区物种丰富度最高,为7.7344,高海拔地区最低,为2.1762;昆虫群落物种多样性、群落均匀度、群落相似性也随海拔的升高而降低,而优势集中度则随海拔升高而增大。在果园生态系统中,不同海拔生产者(果树种类)垂直分布的不同,消费者(果树昆虫,包括害虫及天敌)的组成及多样性亦不同;西藏东南部地区果园昆虫在低海拔生境中群落较为丰富,多样性指数、均匀度最高;高海拔地区群落优势度最高。     

An evaluation of one example of biotope roof in Japan: Plant development and invertebrate colonisation after 8 years

Biotope roofs in Japan are usually intensive green roofs that primarily include native plants and food plants for invertebrates and a pond and stones to create a wide range of habitats. The study aimed to evaluate the survivability of planted species, and colonisation by plants and invertebrates on a biotope roof and to suggest an appropriate planting design and maintenance scheme to optimize biodiversity benefits. An intensive green roof (150 m², substrate depth of 50 cm) was installed in 2002 on the ninth storey of a building at Chiba University, Japan. Twelve species of trees, 18 species of shrubs and 8 species of forbs (mainly native species) were planted and volcanic stones were used as mulch and to create habitats for invertebrates. No maintenance and no irrigation were applied for almost 8 years. A limited number of tree species, such as Myrica rubra and Cinnamomum camphora could grew well without maintenance and irrigation at a substrate depth of 50 cm. Overall, shrubs grew successfully and a high density planting seemed effective in increasing wind resistance. Most forbs disappeared, probably because of drought and competition with these colonising plants. Eleven plant species spontaneously colonised resulting in domination by Solidago altissima and Miscanthus sinensis. These two species were too aggressive, and selective weeding is required for species richness. In an invertebrate study, 46 species in 11 orders were observed and the highest number of invertebrate species was observed in the pond and shady areas.     

井冈山自然保护区野生食(药)用菌资源调查初报

2015年~2017年间,首次对井冈山自然保护区野生食(药)用菌资源进行了调查统计,记录了野生食药用菌46属共58种,其中食用菌39种、药用菌9种、食(药)用菌10种;优势种类14种,珍贵种类9种,并提出了持续利用建议。