不同施肥水平对东方百合鳞茎糖分积累规律研究

以荷兰进口的东方百合杂种系 Sorbonne 为材料,选用青海大学高原花卉研究中心多年筛选的自配三号营养配方,研究了4种施肥水平下东方百合生长期间鳞茎还原糖及可溶性糖积累及变化规律.结果表明:100%和50%2种施肥水平下鳞茎还原糖的积累显著高于其它2种施肥水平(P＜0.05);而200%、150%、50%施肥水平下鳞茎可溶性糖含量显著高于100%(P＜0.05).因此,认为50%施肥水平对切花生产及鳞茎繁育来说是最经济的.     

东方百合生长期间形态及叶片呼吸强度变化规律研究

以荷兰进口的东方百合杂种系‘Sorbonne’为材料,选用青海大学高原花卉研究中心多年筛选的自配3号为营养配方,研究了东方百合生长期形态和呼吸强度的变化规律。结果表明:株高逐渐增加至12周时达到最高峰;鳞茎周径呈现出先下降,第12周后又表现为缓慢上升的趋势;鳞茎单球重在种植后第8周前呈现下降趋势,第8周后逐渐增加;叶片呼吸强度在第12周前表现为迅速增加并达到顶峰,第12~16周间又呈现迅速下降,第16周后呈现缓慢下降趋势。     

百合远缘杂交种组培诱导及增大鳞茎的研究

以东方百合‘Siberia’与新铁炮百合‘Sayaka’远缘杂交种的组培苗为试材,用正交实验方法筛选出最适合该组培苗诱导鳞茎培养基,并进一步研究不同浓度的JA、ABA对鳞茎增大的影响。结果表明:MS+0.2 mg/L 6-BA+0.06 mg/L NAA+85 g/L蔗糖为该远缘杂交种组培苗诱导成鳞茎的最适培养基,鳞茎平均直径达到10 mm;0.1 mg/L JA最有利于鳞茎的增大;0.5 mg/L ABA最适合鳞茎增大培养,ABA浓度越高鳞茎休眠越深。     

东方百合‘Siberia’正反交及胚挽救

以‘Siberia’‘Martinique’‘After Eight O′clock’‘Sunshine Iceland’和‘Bonaire’为亲本进行杂交育种，并进行正反交实验，比较正反交结实率及有胚率；采用胚挽救技术克服受精后障碍，比较不同杂交组合、胚龄、培养方式、培养基对幼胚生长萌发的影响，以期建立一套适合东方百合‘Siberia’的正反交及胚挽救方案，创制东方百合新种质。结果表明：‘Siberia’与‘Martinique’‘After Eight O′clock’正反交存在受精障碍，但均获得了膨大子房及有胚种子；其中，‘Siberia’作父本的有胚率显著高于其作母本，在‘Siberia’与‘After Eight O′clock’组合中，其作父本的有胚率是其作母本的4.5倍；在‘Siberia’בMartinique’组合中有胚率是其作母本的2.3倍；在‘Siberia’בBonaire’杂交组合中有胚率是其作母本的1.01倍；在‘Siberia’בSunshine Iceland’杂交组合中有胚率是其作母本的1.2倍。胚挽救试验结果显示，70 d胚龄的幼胚最适合剥除胚...     

不同营养组合和施肥量对切花百合光合特性及干物质含量的影响

以OT系百合品种‘Manissa’为试材,研究了进口花多多肥的不同营养组合A、B组及自配的分析纯复合肥C组配方与施用量对其切花植株叶绿素含量、光合特性、干物质积累等品质的影响,以期对切花百合进行科学精准施肥提供参考。结果表明:百合肥料的施用量≥7.5g/株时的光合能力及干物质累积量均优于不施肥的对照和施用量较少的2.5g/株的处理组,且花多多组合A组在7.5g/株时,干物质累积达到最大值。而在施肥量12.5g/株的情况下,自配的分析纯C组和花多多B组明显优于A组,且C组对百合‘Manissa’品质的改善效果最佳,B组次之。     

GA3、IBA以及变温处理对东方百合鳞片扦插繁殖及淀粉降解的影响

以东方百合‘Sorbonne’为试材,研究了GA3、IBA以及温度处理对鳞片扦插繁殖以及碳水化合物代谢的影响。结果表明：GA3处理可在较短时间内促进小鳞茎膨大,IBA处理使小鳞茎形成的时间延后,但可提高繁殖系数和整齐度。GA3、IBA分别结合5 ℃预处理可使小鳞茎质量显著增加,在较短时间内促进小鳞茎膨大;其中IBA 100 mg · L-1,1 h结合5 ℃预处理的鳞片繁殖系数和小鳞茎整齐度依次高于25 ℃与15 ℃变温培养及25 ℃恒温培养;GA3 100 mg · L-1,2 h结合5 ℃预处理获得的小鳞茎品质最佳。鳞片繁殖过程中,GA3、IBA结合各温度处理鳞片淀粉及总可溶性糖含量均呈下降趋势,尤其鳞片下部在25 ℃培养初期（20 d）下降幅度最大;IBA促进淀粉降解,结合低温处理的母鳞片较无低温处理的总可溶性糖含量低,为小鳞茎的诱导和形成提供了营养;5 ℃低温预处理促进GA3处理母鳞片淀粉的降解。     

东方百合露地越冬覆盖材料筛选试验

以东方百合品种"索邦"(‘Sorbonne’)、"西伯利亚"(‘Siberia’)和"提伯"(‘Tiber’)为试材,采用测定6种覆盖材料下表土日均温、定时日积温和总积温的方法,对露地越冬球产花性状指标与窖藏球进行对比,研究了不同覆盖材料对东方百合露地越冬的影响。结果表明:草帘+塑料薄膜是实现东方百合种球露地安全越冬的覆盖材料,为东北地区东方百合种球露地越冬栽培提供依据。     

东方百合新品种‘嫦娥奔月’

‘嫦娥奔月’是以东方百合‘喜羊羊’（‘Xiyangyang’）为母本，以东方百合‘西伯利亚’（‘Siberia’）为父本，采用常规杂交育种方法培育的新品种。花瓣为白色，柱头红色，茎杆绿色，对镰刀菌有很强的抗性，经济性状优良，适应性强，易繁殖。     

东方百合鳞茎冷藏解除休眠的养分代谢和酶活性变化

 以自繁的东方百合鳞茎为材料, 研究在2℃、5℃和8℃条件下, 鳞片中淀粉、可溶性总糖、还原糖含量和几种酶活性的变化。在8周的冷藏期内, 淀粉含量持续明显下降, 可溶性糖和还原糖含量增加, CAT、POD、SOD酶的活性在冷藏第1周下降极显著, 而α - 淀粉酶活性在第3周出现峰值, 自冷藏第4周后4种代谢酶活性均处于低水平。本试验中, 不同低温处理间的差异不大, 冷藏第7周后可解除休眠。     

甜樱桃果实成熟过程中糖累积与品质形成研究

【目的】探明甜樱桃成熟过程中糖积累和品质形成的规律。【方法】以‘雷尼’和‘先锋’甜樱桃为试材,研究了果实成熟过程中可溶性糖以及硬度、果柄拉力、可滴定酸、总酚、抗坏血酸等品质的变化规律。【结果】甜樱桃果实中可溶性糖以葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇为主。随着甜樱桃果实的成熟,其葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇、可溶性固形物含量和糖固比例不断升高。‘雷尼’和‘先锋’樱桃的3种可溶性糖分别在成熟期3和成熟期5迅速积累,然后缓慢增加。果实的硬度和果柄拉力均随果实的成熟不断降低,总酚含量均在成熟期3时急速降低,之后趋于平稳。2个樱桃品种的可滴定酸、抗坏血酸含量和固酸比总体呈升高趋势,其中,‘雷尼’可滴定酸含量和固酸比在成熟期2之后趋于平稳。完熟期时‘雷尼’樱桃的可滴定酸含量和‘先锋’樱桃的抗坏血酸含量有所降低。2个樱桃品种的硬度、果柄拉力、可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇6个指标之间均呈显著相关性。【结论】甜樱桃果实在成熟过程中糖含量呈上升趋势,成熟期3和成熟期5分别是‘雷尼’和‘先锋’樱桃糖积累的关键期,果实硬度、果柄拉力和总酚含量呈下降趋势,其他品质指标变化不一致。     

施肥对三种切花百合钾素吸收动态的影响

通过盆栽土培试验方法,研究了施肥与不施肥(对照)条件下东方百合、麝香百合和亚洲百合3个切花百合品种的钾素吸收规律.结果表明:随着生育期进展,各品种的切花百合地上部各器官含钾量均逐渐降低,地下部器官根和鳞茎则依品种和施肥的不同而表现出差异.鳞茎中的钾素支撑切花百合的前期地上部生长的钾素需求,经历的时间3个品种基本一致,均为47 d.钾素快速吸收期品种之间存在差异,东方百合由花芽分化至切花,历时81 d;麝香百合由花芽分化至切花,历时50 d;由亚洲百合10月6日至切花,历时25 d.施肥均提高了3个品种后期整株的钾积累量,但出现时期因品种而不同,东方百合最早、麝香百合次之、亚洲百合最迟.     

不同生长抑制剂对盆栽百合的矮化效应

以亚洲百合"小洋人"、"穿梭"及亚洲×东方杂交种为试验材料,采用不同浓度CCC、PP333、三唑酮浸泡种球的方式,比较不同的生长抑制剂处理对百合的矮化效果。结果表明:PP333处理效果最好,三唑酮次之,CCC最不理想;采用300mg/L PP333浸球处理1h时,3个品种百合矮化效果最理想,观赏效果最佳。     

Effect of nitric oxide on dormancy release in bulbs of Oriental lily (Lilium orientalis) ‘Siberia’

SUMMARY

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential endogenous plant signalling molecule involved in a wide range of plant developmental processes. To investigate the effect of NO on breaking dormancy in bulbs, bulbs of Oriental lily (Lilium orientalis) ‘Siberia’ were treated with various concentration of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.0,1.0,3.0, or 5.0 mM). The results showed that the effect of NO was dose-dependent, with the maximum biological response at 1.0 mM SNP. When applied exogenously, the 1.0 mM SNP treatment reduced the time required to release dormancy in Oriental lily bulbs. Meanwhile, 1.0 mM SNP significantly increased the shoot length:bulb height ratio. In addition, 1.0 mM SNP significantly lowered starch concentrations and increased water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and reducing sugar concentrations. These results indicate that NO treatment, at the correct dose, reduced the time required to release dormancy in bulbs by accelerating the degradation of starch and increasing the accumulation of WSC and reducing sugars in Oriental lily bulbs.     

百合品种染色体倍性观察

 利用染色体常规制片技术分析了45个从荷兰引进的百合品种的染色体倍性,包括21个亚洲百合、3个麝香百合、7个东方百合、8个LA杂交品种、2个LO杂交品种、4个OT杂交品种。在21个亚洲百合中,12个品种（‘Eleganza’、‘Monte Negro’、‘Renoir’、‘Black Bird’、‘Butter Pixie’、‘Orange Matrix’、‘Petit Brigitte’、‘Pink Pixie’、‘Lollypop’、‘Red Latin’、‘Marrakech’和‘Pollyanna’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）,5个品种（‘Navona’、‘Orange Pixie’、‘Elodie’、‘Vermeer’和‘Lyon’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）,4个品种（‘Brunello’、‘Tresor’、‘Val di Sole’和‘Detroit’）为四倍体（2n = 4x = 48）;3个麝香百合品种（‘White Heaven’、‘Gelria’和‘White Fox’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）;7个东方百合品种（‘Siberia’、‘Sorbonne’、‘Maru’、‘Dynamite’、‘Dordogne’、‘Montezuma’和‘Miss Lucy’）为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）;8个LA杂交品种（‘Brindis’、‘Courier’、‘Pavia’、‘Advantage’、‘Mestre’、‘Mombasa’、‘Pirandello’和‘Serrada’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）;两个LO杂交品种（‘Triumphator’和‘White Triumph’）为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）;4个OT杂交品种中‘Yelloween’和‘Red Dutch’为二倍体（2n = 2x = 24）,‘Conca D’Or’和‘Golden City’为三倍体（2n = 3x = 36）。该结果表明,组内杂交品种（亚洲百合、东方百合和麝香百合）中,除亚洲百合中有5个三倍体和4个四倍体品种外,其余22个为二倍体品种,因而多数组内杂交品种为二倍体品种;而组间杂交品种（LA、OT和LO）,只有OT中2个品种为二倍体,其余12个皆为三倍体。     

Induction of viable 2n pollen in sterile Oriental × Trumpet Lilium hybrids

In order to induce viable 2n pollen from highly sterile diploid Oriental × Trumpet (OT) (Lilium), N₂O was used to treat flower buds of four sterile diploid OT cultivars (‘Nymph’, ‘Gluhwein’, ‘Yelloween’, and ‘Shocking’) at different stages of meiosis. There was no pollen germination in the controls. However, after N₂O treatment at 600 kPa, three of the OT hybrids (‘Nymph’, ‘Gluhwein’, and ‘Yelloween’) not only exhibited fertile flower percentages (4.3–16%), but also higher rates of pollen germination (18.8–72.5%). In addition, both the fertile flower percentages and rates of pollen germination were higher following 48 h N₂O treatment at 600 kPa than the 24 h treatment. Following 72 h N₂O treatment at 600 kPa, most flower buds or plants were damaged and any undamaged flowers showed abnormal anthers at the time of flowering. This indicated that 48 h of N₂O treatment at 600 kPa was optimal to induce viable 2n pollen in three out of four sterile hybrid OT lily cultivars. These results also showed that prophase I – metaphase I was the optimum stage of meiosis at which to induce 2n pollen by N₂O treatment in lily hybrids.     

百合鳞茎形成与发育生理研究进展

 在阐述了百合鳞茎生长发育特点的基础上, 综述了百合鳞茎形态发生与膨大发育的生理研究进展, 主要包括鳞茎的形成生理与影响因子, 鳞茎发育过程中的养分积累与调控机制, 以及子鳞茎离体诱导与培养等研究进展, 并就今后鳞茎研究趋势进行展望。     

Effects of far-red light/temperature DIF and far-red light/temperature pulse combinations on height of lily hybrids

Summary

Potted bulbs of ‘Nellie White’, ‘Sunray’ and ‘Stargazer’ representing three lily hybrids [Easter (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.), Asiatic and Oriental, respectively], were forced in a glass greenhouse under three lighting regimes namely, 8.h photoperiod (8 PP) by using blackout between 1600 hours and 0800 hours to eliminate twilight; 8 PP extended with 1.h of low intensity far-red radiation (9 PP) at the beginning of the dark period; or ambient. All three lighting regimes were in a greenhouse with either a +5°C or a -5°c DIF (= T_day ±T night ) regime, while maintaining the same 24.h temperature. In a second experiment, two cultivars of each of the three lily hybrids were also grown under the same three lighting regimes with a constant day/night temperature but with either a 15°cor 25°c pulse for 3.h from 1500–1800.hours to coincide with the far-red supplementation for 9 PP. Both experiments were done during the winter and repeated the following year. Within each DIF treatment, plants which received light containing far-red at the end and start of the day (ambient) or beginning of night (9 PP) were taller than those under short day (8 PP). Plants grown under either 8 PP or ambient were taller under +DIF than under -DIF, except when 8 PP was extended with 1.h of far-red, in which case plant height was the same for either DIF. ‘Nellie White’ reacted the strongest to far-red as well as to DIF followed by ‘Sunray’ and then ‘Stargazer’. For ‘Nellie White’, the stem dry weight was increased by far-red radiation at the beginning of the dark period compared with short day or ambient, while the opposite was found for the leaf and bulb dry weights. However, total dry weight of plant was not affected by either DIF or lighting treatment. In the second experiment, plant height was not significantly affected by an end of day temperature pulse of -5°c for either the 9 PP or ambient regimes compared with a +5°c pulse.     

百合种子萌发和幼苗生长观察

对百合野生种、栽培品种及杂交种种子恒温箱和沙床萌发及生长情况进行观察。结果表明:在恒温箱中野生种种子的萌发率较高,普遍在80%以上;栽培品种中麝香百合没有萌发,"布鲁拉诺"、"莱诺"和"马拉客奇"的萌发率都在80%以上,"托里诺"的萌发率较低,为55%;杂交种子中只有"米雷拉"×"托里诺"、"托里诺"×"米雷拉"、"莱诺"×"托里诺"杂交种子能萌发且萌发率都在70%以上。沙床萌发试验中,亚洲百合和以亚洲百合为亲本的杂交种子出苗率最高,其次是渥丹,毛百合没有出苗;大多数百合种子在播种后3～4d开始萌发,在播种后30d左右出现真叶;子叶和真叶的生长基本上都遵循"先快后慢"的规律。     

百合栽培品种群的种质特征和品质调查

该研究对3个主要百合栽培品种群的特征和品质进行了调查。结果表明:亚洲百合具有生长周期较短、茎强度和花朵品质维持好的优点,且花色丰富,但对缺光的敏感性较强;东方百合的花朵大,花型美丽,具芳香气息,对缺光的敏感性不强,然而花色比较单调,生长周期较长,茎强度和花朵品质维持不如亚洲百合和麝香百合好;就生长周期而言,麝香百合介于亚洲百合与东方百合之间,且茎强度和花朵品质维持较好,多数情况下对缺光不敏感,但花色、花型单一。