Application of Membrane Separation Technologyin Water & Wastewater Treatment and Its Relative Priority

The application of membrane separation technology in water and wastewater field is introduced in this paper. It is demonstrated that membrane separation technology is the future of the development of water and wastewater treatment, as well as water industry, compared with conventional treatment methods from three aspects: technology, economy and operation and management, the relative priority of the membrane is discussed.     

MBR工艺处理石榴浓缩汁生产废水的应用研究

摘要：采用规格为3 m3/d的一体式中空纤维膜生物反应器（MBR）对某果汁厂石榴浓缩汁生产废水进行了净化处理应用研究。实验结果表明：当进水CODCr为756~1097 mg/L时,出水CODCr为34~95 mg/L,CODCr去除率为89.5%~97.0%。膜的截留作用占总去除率的10%~20%。该装置连续运行了60 d,出水均稳定达到排放标准。采用膜生物反应器工艺处理果汁废水技术可行、操作简单、易于管理,可节省50%左右的添加营养物质氮磷的成本,为工业规模应用提供了技术参考。     

Membrane Bioreactor for Treatment of Wastewater

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) is a new technology in wastewater treatment, using membrane to enhance biological-chemical reaction. It has many advantages such as high efficiency and low sludge production rate. By analyzing the factor influencing MBR, a new submerged hybrid dynamic membrane bioreactor(HDMBR) is suggested and the characteristics of the new HDMBR from different viewpoints are expounded. It shows that this technology is a process of high efficiency and low consumption.     

膜分离技术在乳品工业中的应用

介绍了膜分离技术在乳品工业中的应用范围,同时从理论上阐述了膜分离技术微滤、超滤、纳滤与反渗透在乳品除菌、乳蛋白质的分离浓缩、分离脂肪、乳清脱盐、牛奶浓缩、乳品标准化,以及乳品生产企业废水回收等方面的应用。     

Experiment of the Wastewater Treatment with the Method of Secondary Chemical Precipitation Ferrite

Large amounts of wastewater containing heavy metal ions are discharged into the surrounding,which can't be degraded but only be changed in their forms or transported,diluted and accumulated in the human organisms,so it has serious impact on the health of living things.In order to dispose the wastewater containing many kinds of heavy metal ions,in this experiment,ferrite was adopted to deal with the wastewater containing irons,taking the wastewater of Yunnan Chihong zinc & germanium Co,Ltd as the raw materials.The result shows that the temperature,stirring rate and pH all affected the effect of treatment.A best condition for treatment of the waste water containing heavy metal treatment has been obtained by this experiment.     

生物活性炭流化床对生物柴油废水的降解效应与化学势变

为了解决生物柴油废水生化处理难度大、效率低等问题。采用生物活性炭流化床工艺处理生物柴油废水,研究试验系统COD的降解效应与化学势变。结果表明：试验系统具有良好的处理效果,采用四级串联系统可使末端出水COD浓度达到GB 18918—2002中一级B标准。试验系统COD去除的基本过程可用吸附-好氧生物降解两级反应来描述,好氧生物降解反应中COD的去除率随串联级数增大而增大,说明好氧降解的总贡献率与系统串联级数呈正相关。试验系统COD去除反应的化学势变为负值,其绝对值随单元级数增大而增大,说明系统COD的去除是自发反应,系统去除COD能力随串联级数增大而增强,好氧生物降解反应在维持系统处理效果稳定中发挥着重要作用。     

The direct and indirect effects of China's wastewater treatment service on urban household wastewater discharge

Urban household wastewater has surged with the urbanization in China, treatment of which demands attention. Utilizing China’s urban panel data from 2005 to 2015, this article evaluates whether governmental wastewater treatment service changes urban residents’ wastewater-discharging behaviors. The outcomes reveal that: (a) in the short-run when the local government treats more wastewater, the residents discharge more wastewater; (b) this short-run relationship is notably strengthened by household attributes, that is, income and education; (c) in the long-run, the increasing relationship between household wastewater discharge and wastewater treatment service also exists significantly, which calls for immediate attention of policy makers.     

应用硅藻土处理废水研究概述

水环境污染治理的问题是当前环保领域研究的热点问题。硅藻土因其比表面积大、吸附能力强等优点,近年来在废水处理领域得到了广泛应用,硅藻土的储量丰富、价格低廉等特点也使得其在废水处理领域具有比较广阔的应用前景。本文在介绍硅藻土的性质和吸附机理的基础上,综述了近年来国内外将硅藻土应用于处理含重金属离子废水、印染废水、造纸废水、含油废水、城镇污水等废水处理领域的研究进展,最后总结归纳了目前硅藻土处理废水研究的不足,并对硅藻土在废水处理领域的应用前景进行了展望。文章能够为相关领域研究的开展提供信息和研究思路。     

Mchanism of Oganic Wstewater Teatment by Cavitating Jets

Present main method of organic wastewater treatment are physico- chemical method, biochemical method and combination method, but there are many problems need to be resolved, such as organic matter can not be treated thoroughly, fee is high, and operation is complicated. Cavitation jets is a efficient and simple new technology on organic wastewater treatment. It use local high temperature and high pressure produced bubbles collapse to degrade organic matter, and it is better in capacity usage ratio than ultrasonic cavitation. Principle of eavitating jets is giuen, then discussed mechanism of organic wastewater treatment by cavitating jets from free radical reaction, direct thermal decomposition and supereritieal water oxidation, and influence of nozzle stricture is analyzed, jet cavitation number, pumping pressure, confining pressure and physieoehemieal property of organic wastewater on cavitation effect.     

Selection of Polymeric Flocculant for Adjusting the Sludge Quality of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The thickened surplus sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is generally mechanically dewatered after regulated with flocculants and the type and dosage of flocculants will influence the dewatering effect directly.And the cost of flocculants is the main part of operating cost of sewage sludge treatment.With the processing practice on yields,thickening and dewatering pattern of Zhenjiang Wastewater Treatment Plant,the analysis and selection of flocculants are carried out with respect to the type and dosage of flocculants for sewage sludge regulation.the principles for flocculants selection and simple calculation method for chemicals cost for sludge treatment are proposed.It is suggested that the dosage of flocculants for sludge regulation should be adjusted in different seasons in real operation of the municipal wastewater treatment plants.     

The effect of volatile component on the heat value of wastewater and sludge samples from WWTP

The municipal wastewater biology treatment process includes both pollutants transferring and energy utilization. The wastewater and sludge samples of several WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) in Chongqing are investigated. The heat value, volatile component and element content of those samples are determined. The effect of volatile component on heat value is analyzed. The results show that it has a good correlation between volatile component and heat value. The heat value has a negative correlation with volatile component when volatile component is below 30%, while it has a positive correlation with volatile component when volatile component is above 37%. The heat value is also calculated by the Dulong formula. The conclusions are pretty close: heat value has a negative correlation with volatile component when volatile component is below 28.26%, while has a positive correlation with it when volatile component is above 28.26%. It indicates that the analysis method for heat value of wastewater and sludge in this paper is effective, and it can be used in wastewater measurement.     

沼气工程沼液高值的利用研究

为了解决沼气工程中沼液产量大、处理成本高、储存运输困难和营养物质含量偏低等问题,提出采用高耐污反渗透技术对沼液进行浓缩,以实现沼液高值利用。实验分析了沼液膜浓缩技术的可行性,并对浓缩后水质做了简单介绍;同时通过浓缩液种植大白菜实验,对浓缩液作为追肥对大白菜的产量、品质的影响做了分析。结果表明：通过对膜通量及其影响因素的分析,采用反渗透技术浓缩沼液可行,最佳压力运行范围为4~5.5 MPa,进水电导率和温度符合反渗透膜技术的要求,沼液通过膜浓缩后清水能够回用于调浆,浓缩液中营养元素更加集中可以用于农业种植,沼液浓缩液中氮素能满足大白菜生长要求,最佳施入量为1100 kg/hm2氮,在此条件下既能维持大白菜的高产,又能协调周边环境效应,利用沼液种植能提高大白菜品质,硝酸盐含量能较好的维持在600 mg/kg以下。     

安徽省水产养殖尾水治理典型模式分析与发展建议

由于水产养殖业的快速发展及养殖产量大幅提升,不可避免地带来养殖水环境污染等难题。水产养殖尾水治理是“绿水青山就是金山银山”发展理念的重要实践,也是推进水产养殖业绿色高质量发展的必然要求。本研究以安徽省为例,分别从水产养殖及尾水治理现状、尾水治理典型模式、存在的问题和对策、发展建议等方面,对当前环保高压态势下水产养殖尾水治理模式进行总结分析,旨在为安徽省水产养殖业转型升级、绿色高质量发展提供借鉴和参考。     

Harm of Offgas from Wastewater Treatment Facilities and Its Controlling

Offgas problem of wastewater treatment systems is becoming an increasing problem, as the public's living standard and awareness of environmental issues increases. This article puts forward the necessity of cleaning the offgas from wastewater treatment facility, introduces the harms of odorous portion of offgas to public and concrete construction, brings forward the main object of offgas emitted from wastewater treatment plant. The way of restraining the generation and escaping of gases, the containment structure of facilities and decontaminate of offgas after it emit, and the virtues and shortcomings of each method are discussed in this article to give advices for the selection of controlling ways.     

Sludge Treatment and Energy Consumption of Urban Water Plant

This paper introduces the composition and the treatment process of sludge and energy consumption of dewaterizers in urban water treatment plant, the new development of sludge treatment techniques and the comprehensive uses of the sludge are evaluated. The calculation formulas for power consumption and economical benefit of wastewater recovery are presented with examples, offering a basis for economical evaluation to energy consumption of the technology of wastewater recovery in water works .     

Advances in Immobilized Microorganism and Its Applications of Wastewater Treatment

By in troducing the way of the immobilized cell and conparing the carriers, this paper presented the advances in immobilized microorganism and its applications of wastewater treatment are presented. It is believed that immobilized microorganism treatment is a more effective mediod than general biological method. The paper discusses its application in treating heavy metal wastewater, organic wastewater, hydroxybenzen wastewate, and nitrogen wastewater,et ac. And the research indicates the advances and the problems of immobilized microorganism.     

Applications and Development of Expert System in Wastewater Treatment Systems

This paper introduces the structure and characteristic of an expert system based on characteristics of wastewater treatment such as time-variation,nonlinearity,complexity and uncertainty.The paper then analyzes the status of wastewater treatment systems studies and existing disadvantages of expert systems.It shows that expert systems have been applied in nearly all aspects of wastewater treatment systems in other countries,but only initial work has been done in the People's Republic of China.The authors introduce the prospects for and trends in the application and study of expert systems in wastewater treatment.     

4种氯制剂对养殖废水中高硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的影响

在高硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐养殖水体中添加一定浓度氯制剂,研究了漂白粉、漂粉精、强氯精和二氧化氯对养殖水体高亚硝酸盐和高硝酸盐消除能力的影响。结果发现：4种氯制剂对硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐消除都有显著性效果(P<0.05),水体中氨氮在试验过程中无显著变化,浓度为0.00 mg/L;二氧化氯组消除效果最明显,30 min时硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的消除率高达99%、100%,处理组和空白组的硝酸盐浓度为(0.15±0.72)、(16.82±0.97) mg/L,亚硝酸盐浓度为(0.07±0.01)、(19.95±0.61) mg/L,强氯精次之,漂白粉效果最差,30 min时消除率分别为50%、38%,漂白粉和空白组硝酸盐的浓度为(8.49±0.66)、(16.82±0.97) mg/L,亚硝酸盐浓度为(12.33±0.48)、(19.95±0.6) mg/L;水体的pH值在试验后,各处理组都发生了显著的变化(P<0.05),空白组pH 7.63±0.10,强氯精和二氧化氯添加组,pH值都为降低趋势,二氧化氯组pH值降幅最大(pH 2.68±0.06),漂白粉和漂粉精添加组,pH值呈升高趋势,漂白粉组pH值升幅最大(pH 9.6)。通过本试验的研究,4种氯制剂在消除养殖废水中高亚硝酸盐效果显著,并且无氨氮累积,不产生二次污染物,对于养殖废水的处理排放及循环使用有重要意义。     

Composite structure of sterilization and descaling system for circulating cooling water

In order to resolve the hazard of biofouling and scale in circulating cooling water system of power stations, this paper takes the lead in combining high voltage pulses and high frequency pulses for sterilization and descaling process. It analyzes both electromagnetic effects and biochemical effects on sterilizing and descaling process caused by the high voltage pulses and high frequency pulses respectively. The pulse generator is designed according to the requirements of electromagnetic parameters for effective operation. The design and improvement of process chambers are assisted by electromagnetic field simulation technology. Experimental data prove that the system can output high voltage pulse whose maximum peak value reaches 7 kV and high frequency pulse whose maximum peak value reaches 100 V the frequency ranges from 500 kHz to 2 MHz. The rate of sterilization can be as high as 91,and the rate of descaling reaches 71. This system is expected to achieve the standards of industrial water treatment through further research.     

我国重点流域农村生活污水处理现状及其技术研究

摘要：针对我国农村生活污水直接排放已经严重影响我国农村水环境质量这一现状,介绍了目前国内外农村生活污水处理技术及设施,从适合我国农村的以村落或居民点为单位进行生活污水处理的思维入手,介绍了我国现今经济发达地区和重点流域的生活污水处理技术的原理、特点及其应用现状;继而提出适合我国农村生活污水处理技术的设计原则。