滴灌条件下枣树生育期长势与产量监测

滴灌条件下对枣树进行生育期长势与产量监测,通过对枣树基径、树高、梢条和叶片在年生长周期及各时期的动态变化进行初步分析,结果表明枣树年生长周期在4月至11月之间,在年生长周期内枣树枝干生理生长在夏季最快,基径、树高、梢粗和梢长的增长量最大;枣树叶片的生理生长在春季最快,叶片厚度、叶绿素含量及叶面积指数增长量也最大;5年生灰枣果实的平均产量为9 316.2kg/hm2,果实中含有较高的还原糖、维生素C和人体必需的微量元素Ca、Mg、Fe。     

植物生长调节剂在香梨滴灌中的应用研究

通过对库尔勒香梨进行叶面喷施多效唑和黄腐酸制荆,研究了两种植物生长调节剂对树体生长发育的抑制和促进作用以及对果实品质影响,结果表明:多效唑与黄腐酸制剂混合叶面喷施,对香梨新梢伸长的抑制效应和香梨新梢横向生长的促进效应显著于单独喷施多效唑的效应,但对叶面积生长的抑制效应却小于单独喷施多效唑的效应.喷施黄腐酸制剂有助于叶片含水量和叶绿素含量的提高,在同一生长期,叶绿素含量与叶片含水量成正相关关系.多效唑与黄腐酸制剂混合喷施,更好地改善了果实品质,提高了果形指数.     

不同纳米铁肥叶面喷施对桃树新梢和叶片生长的影响

【目的】探究叶面喷施纳米铁肥对果树生长发育的应用效果,为果树叶面肥的施用提供技术参考。【方法】在日光温室条件下以桃树为试材,研究了3种纳米铁肥,即纳米铁粉(50 nm)、纳米三氧化二铁(30 nm)、纳米四氧化三铁(20 nm)对桃树新梢伸长、叶面积、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率的影响。采用单因素随机区组试验设计,以不同纳米铁肥作为不同处理,以清水作为CK(对照),试验共4个处理,以单株桃树为一次重复,重复3次,共12棵桃树。喷施的铁浓度为100 mg/L,叶面喷施以叶片湿润、均匀但不形成水滴为度。【结果】纳米铁肥处理可以显著促进桃新梢伸长和叶片生长,提高叶片的叶绿素含量和净光合速率。不同叶面喷施纳米铁肥处理下,叶面喷施纳米三氧化二铁的新梢长度(10.37 cm)、叶面积(3 928.90 mm²)、叶绿素含量(3.16 mg/g)均最高,较CK分别显著提高了42.23%、10.87%、70.81%,与叶面喷施纳米铁粉差异不显著。叶面喷施纳米铁粉的叶片净光合速率[11.92μmol/(m²·s)]显著高于叶面喷施纳米四氧化三铁和CK,但与叶面喷...     

玉米喷施沼液增产效果试验

通过试验显示,玉米喷施沼液能实现增产增收.喷施沼液的亩产达558.7公斤,比喷施清水的亩增产74.7公斤、增幅15.4%,亩净增收达64.58元.增产原因:沼液中所含有的营养物质和生理活性物质以及一些微量元素为玉米生长发育提供叶面肥,使玉米叶面积系数提高,叶绿素数量增多,增强玉米光合效能,从而实现增产.     

浅谈沼液在金丝小枣树上的应用

本文重点探讨了在金丝小枣树上喷施沼液后,对枣树的生长代谢的影响。通过3年的对比试验得出:枣树叶面喷施沼液可以增加营养,促进生长平衡,调节生长代谢,促进花芽分化,枣树叶片增厚,增强了光和作用能力,果树长势健壮,抗病力增强,成花率、坐果率明显提高,小枣增长迅速,增重快,含糖量提高,光泽度好,成熟度一致,无农药残留,提高了商品性能。这一结论对金丝小枣无公害生产具有一定的指导价值。     

炭基肥与沼液配施对棉花叶绿素影响

通过设计炭基肥和沼液配施的8种处理,测定分析棉花花期的叶片叶面积和叶绿素含量。结果表明：所有时期不同处理的叶片长宽叶面积基本无显著性差异;单施炭基肥处理中16 g炭基肥+常规氮磷减量30%处理的叶绿素含量在每个时期均很高,叶绿素a/b含量最低;炭基肥配施沼液处理中施用32 g炭基肥+常规氮磷减量30%+267 kg/hm²沼液处理的叶绿素a,叶绿素b,叶绿素a+b含量在每个时期均最大,叶绿素a/b含量最低。     

沼肥在农作物生产中的应用

沼液和沼渣是新型环保优质肥料,其中含有较伞面的养分和丰富的有机质,可促进农作物生长和提高其产量与品质.沼肥的施用有沼液浸种、沼液沼渣旱土育秧、沼渣作大田基肥和沼液叶面喷施等简易方法,是农村能源建设的实用技术.     

沼肥在农作物生产中的应用

沼液和沼渣是新型环保优质肥料，其中含有较全面的养分和丰富的有机质，可促进农作物生长和提高其产量与品质。沼肥的施用有沼液浸种、沼液沼渣旱土育秧、沼渣作大田基肥和沼液叶面喷施等简易方法，是农村能源建设的实用技术。     

痕量灌溉管不同埋深对日光温室辣椒生长影响

通过研究痕量灌溉管不同埋深对辣椒生长和生理指标的影响,为痕量灌溉管在辣椒栽培中适宜的埋深提供理论依据和实践参考,结果表明:痕量灌溉管不同埋深对辣椒生长发育有一定的影响,T4处理生长指标优于其他处理,T4处理叶片中丙二醛、细胞膜相对透性显著低于其他处理,叶片电导率、叶面积指数、自由水、束缚水等含量各处理差异性不显著,T4处理叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量高于其他处理,T4处理自由水/束缚水的值最大,叶片保水力最强,T4处理叶片的净光合速率相比CK处理提高了22.7%,痕量灌溉处理后不同土层土壤含水量基本都低于滴灌处理。同时痕量灌溉处理后辣椒的品质相对CK处理有了大幅度的提升,T4处理水分生产效率相对CK处理提高106.4%。综合辣椒生长和生理指标来看,痕量灌溉管埋深20cm,有利于辣椒的生长发育。     

梨树生长和果实品质指标对水氮耦合响应及关联度分析

为探究水、氮对梨树生长和果实品质指标影响,分析水氮耦合处理下梨树生长与各果实品质指标间关联程度,开展了为期1年的田间试验,试验设定2因素2水平,亦即2个灌水下限(W1:75%Fc, W2:65%Fc)和2个施N水平(F1:324 kg/hm~2, F2:168 kg/hm~2),共4个试验处理(低水低肥:W1F1;低水高肥:W1F2;高水低肥:W2F1;高水高肥:W2F2)。试验过程中量测了梨树营养生长指标(新梢长度、新梢基径、叶面积及叶绿素含量)和果实品质指标(单果重量、可溶性固形物含量、还原型Vc含量及可滴定酸含量),结果表明:水氮耦合对黄金梨树生长指标和果实品质指标都有一定影响,但规律不尽相同,提高灌水下限和增加施氮量能显著增加新梢长度和基径,但叶片面积和叶绿素含量对水氮耦合方案响应较为复杂,不存在单向递增关系;单果重量对灌水下限的响应最为明显,其他2个品质指标对施氮量响应较为明显,提高灌水下限和增加施氮量能提高单果重量和降低可滴定酸含量,但可溶性固形物和还原型Vc含量对水氮耦合响应较为复杂,受水氮交互作用影响显著。果实品质指标与梨树生长指标存在一定关联性,相比而言,梨树新梢长度和基径对多数品质指标贡献度最大。因此,将灌溉施肥管理与农艺管理相结合,协调梨树各器官对养分的吸收和分配关系,进而优化新梢生长量,促进梨果品质的提高。     

Effects of water and nitrogen conditions under surge-root irrigation on growth and yield of apple trees

In order to explore the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen application on growth cha-racteristics and yield of apple trees under surge-root irrigation in mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi, field experiments were carried out with different apple trees. Three irrigation levels were applied: 85%-100%(H1), 70%-85%(H2)and 55%-70%(H3)of the field water capacity, respectively, and three nitrogen levels were N1(360 g/plant), N2(240 g/plant)and N3(120 g/plant). The results show that irrigation and nitrogen application has significant effects on new shoot length, flowering, fruit-setting, fruit diameter, fruit volume and yield of apple. The leaf area index(LAI)shows a singlet trend during the growth period, and the peak value appears in the middle of July. Under the same irrigation level, compared with N3, N1 increases in yield, new shoot length, LAI, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, volume, flowering and fruit setting by 17.91%, 28.31%, 18.75%, 11.38%, 10.13%, 36.60%, 20.92% and 5.19%, respectively, while N2 also increases by 12.40%, 15.63%, 4.86%, 5.40%, 5.11%, 17.01%, 26.17% and 13.74%, respectively. The rate of flowering and fruit setting decreases with the increase of nitrogen application. Under the same nitrogen level, compared with H3, H1 increases in yield, new shoot length, LAI, transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, volume, flowering and fruit setting by 34.65%, 15.49%, 30.77%, 3.93%, 4.95%, 12.86%, 33.15% and 28.62%, respectively, while H2 also increases by 33.67%, 16.42%, 67.52%, 3.81%, 2.97%, 11.57%, 43.45%, and 27.26%, respectively. The rate of flowering and fruit setting decreases first and then increases with the increase of irrigation amount. Compared with H3N3, the yield of other treatments increases by 2.69%-52.20%, While H2N1 treatment has the highest yield(26 852.55 kg/ha). Considering from the point of view of promoting growth and increasing yield, the best water and nitrogen combination mode of mountain apple in northern Shaanxi is medium water deficit irrigation and high nitrogen(H2N1)treatment. The results from this study can provide a theoretical basis for apple water and nitrogen management in mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi.     

Response of vegetative growth and fruit development to regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages of pear-jujube tree

In order to investigate the response of vegetative growth, fruit development and water use efficiency to regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages of pear-jujube tree (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), different water deficit at single-stage were treated on field grown 7-year old pear-jujube trees in 2005 and 2006. Treatments included severe (SD), moderate (MD) and low (LD) water deficit treatments at bud-burst to leafing (I), flowering to fruit set (II), fruit growth (III) and fruit maturation (IV) stages. Compared to the full irrigation (control), different water deficit treatments at different growth stages reduced photosynthesis rate (P_n) slightly and transpiration rate (T_r) significantly, thus it improved leaf water use efficiency (WUE_L, defined as the ratio of P_n to T_r) by 2.7-26.1%. After the re-watering, P_n had significant compensatory effect, but T_r was not enhanced significantly, thus WUE_L was improved by 31.4-42.2%. I-SD, I-MD, II-SD and II-MD decreased new shoot length, new shoot diameter and panicle length by 8-28%, 13-23% and 10-31%, respectively. Simultaneously, they reduced leaf area index (LAI) and pruning amount significantly. Flowering of pear-jujube tree advanced by 3-8 days in the water deficit treatments at stage I, Furthermore, SD and MD at stage I increased flowers per panicle and final fruit set by 18.9-40.5% and 15.5-36.6%, respectively. After a period of re-watering, different water deficit treatments at different growth stages improved the fruit growth rate by 15-30% without reduction of the final fruit volume. Compared to the control, I-MD, I-SD, I-LD, I-MD and I-SD treatments increased fruit yield by 13.2-31.9%, but reduced water consumption by 9.7-17.5%, therefore, they enhanced water use efficiency at yield level (WUE_Y, defined as ratio of fruit yield to total water use) by 17.3-41.4%. Therefore, suitable period and degree of water deficit can reduce irrigation water and restrain growth redundancy significantly, and it optimize the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pear-jujube trees, which maintained or slightly increased the fruit yield, thus water use efficiency was significantly increased.     

不同灌水条件下施氮量对滴灌夏棉冠层指标的影响

[目的]揭示施氮量对滴灌夏棉冠层指标的调控作用。[方法]设置3个灌水水平(滴灌,灌水定额30、22.5、15mm,分别记为I1、I2、I3)和5个氮素水平(0、60、120、180、240kg/hm2,分别记为N0、N1、N2、N3、N4),研究了不同灌水条件下施氮量对株高、叶面积指数、叶片含氮量和比叶重的影响。[结果]I2条件下,株高和叶面积指数随施氮量增加呈不断增加趋势,施氮量为240kg/hm2时达到最大。I1和I3条件下,增加施氮量,株高和叶面积指数先增加后减小,在施氮量为60或120kg/hm2的处理达到最大。夏棉比叶重和叶片含氮量随着生育期推进分别呈不断上升和不断下降趋势,5个施氮水平下夏棉叶片比叶重均表现为I1相似文献   

精准施药中叶面积指数探测研究

精准施药技术的研究以提高农药的利用率为目的,是精准施药的发展方向。果树叶面积指数能为精准施药提供重要参考依据,通过叶面积指数及生物量探测可以进行大面积果树的长势监测并计算其药量的需求,进而对作物进行指导性施药。为此,结合国内外研究现状阐述了各类叶面积指数探测技术和计算方法,分析了精准施药技术中靶标探测的方法及叶面积指数探测在精准施药中的应用,并对精准变量施药中叶面积指数探测方法进行了展望。     

果树LAI快速检测的随机分布模型构建

目前对精确喷施机具本身研究较多,而对喷施对象—果树叶面积指数（LAI）的快速检测方面达不到与机具对接的要求。其中,LAI快速检测样机构建中,光学模型的构建是关键。针对果树具有单一、独立、冠层不规则、不均匀的特点,进行了计算机随机分布模型的仿真和LAI计算。基于从简单到复杂、一般到个别的原则,用VC语言构建了平面随机分布矩形叶子及其LAI测试界面。根据真实番石榴果树的具体参数如投影区域面积和叶宽度等进行匹配,构建随机分布计算分析模型,并应用在基于真树和人造树的虚拟番石榴树LAI计算中,得到虚拟果树阴影率的变     

滴灌肥不同施用量对设施灵武长枣生长、产量和品质的影响

与传统施肥方式相比较,滴灌肥具有提高肥料利用率、施肥肥效快等诸多优势,以5a生灵武长枣为研究对象,分别设置405、540、675、810kg/hm~2滴灌肥施用量处理以及复合肥施用量900kg/hm~2的常规施肥处理,研究不同滴灌肥处理对长枣生长及产量和品质的影响,试验结果表明675kg/hm~2处理下,长枣新梢生长量、枣吊数、果实维生素C、可溶性固形物均显著高于其余各处理,产量比常规施肥提高了17.3%;在滴灌肥施用量为405kg/hm~2处理下,果实中总酸含量最低,果实硬度最高;在施肥量675kg/hm~2处理下,长枣生长状况良好,产量最高,品质较好。     

等养分不同肥料的施用对桉树生长影响及效益分析

沼肥在桉树上的应用性研究几乎处于空白情况,本研究通过对桉树进行等养分肥料施肥,力求探索出沼肥的应用前景,试验结果表明:桉树施用等N、等水分的肥料,施用沼液比施用复合肥+沼液、施用复合肥在树高、地径、胸径以及材积上有明显优良的长势,且大部分指标都达到显著差异,为桉树施用沼肥提供借鉴。     

合理灌溉施肥对贺兰山东麓初果期酿酒葡萄的影响研究

贺兰山东麓葡萄管理中存在大水漫灌水分利用率低以及重视氮磷钾肥,忽视中量元素和腐殖酸类肥料等问题。针对初果期酿酒葡萄需水需肥规律采用田间试验的方式分别设置合理的施肥及灌溉试验后,分别测定其生长发育以及品质和产量。结果显示:在滴灌节水50%的基础上,滴灌促进了酿酒葡萄新梢的生长,增加了叶片磷素、叶柄氮素和钾素含量积累,显著增加了果实可溶性固形物及Vc,降低了总酸度;钙镁硫肥显著提升了叶片全氮和可溶性糖含量,总酸度降低;腐殖酸肥能显著增加叶片干重,并显著提升可溶性糖和Vc含量。在滴灌条件下增施中量营养元素和腐殖酸肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄生长和产量品质有巨大促进作用。     

光照对日本栗树结实的影响

光照对日本栗树结实具有重要影响。通过分析树冠的日射量和雌花的受光量对日本栗树结实的影响,找出影响原因及所带来的后果,提出在实际生产中要重视整形修剪工作,应通过整形修剪保持合理的树冠间隔,并采用合理的树形和保留合理的结果母枝量,以改善日本栗树的采光,进而达到优质高产的目的。