铝胁迫下硝普钠对黑麦和小麦根尖细胞壁铝吸附的影响

用一氧化氮供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)处理铝胁迫下的黑麦和小麦幼苗,探讨铝胁迫和铝胁迫下外源NO对黑麦和小麦根尖细胞壁铝吸附的影响。结果表明:铝显著抑制黑麦和小麦根的伸长生长,小麦受抑制更为严重;SNP处理可缓解铝对黑麦和小麦根伸长生长的抑制作用,1 mmol/L SNP处理最有效。小麦根尖对铝的吸附量和吸附速率显著高于黑麦的,1 mmol/L SNP处理显著降低小麦和黑麦细胞壁对铝的吸附量,使根尖铝含量显著下降。铝与根尖细胞壁的结合是导致植物铝毒害的重要原因,而降低根尖细胞壁对铝的吸附是外源NO缓解铝毒害的重要机制。     

纳米氧化铜对白菜种子发芽的毒害作用研究

纳米材料的生态毒性问题越来越受到人们的广泛关注。本文探讨了纳米氧化铜（22～75nm,平均43nm）对白菜种子发芽的影响,并以微米氧化铜和铜离子（Cu^2＋）进行对比分析。结果表明,各浓度处理（0．2、0．5、1、2．4、8mg·L^-2）纳米氧化铜对白菜种子发芽率与对照相比均无显著差异（P〉0．05）,但在较低浓度下（0．4mg·L^-1）对根伸长和芽伸长即表现出抑制作用。随着纳米氧化铜浓度增加,对根伸长抑制率显著提高,对芽伸长抑制率则缓慢提高,其半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为11．4mg·L^-1和1309．4mg·L^-1.100mg·L^-1时,微米氧化铜对白菜根、芽伸长的抑制率都小于20％,其毒性小于纳米氧化铜;但纳米氧化铜的毒性并非其溶解出的铜离子所致。     

纳米级Fe3O4分散液浸种对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子萌发及幼苗保护酶系统的影响

为揭示纳米级Fe3O4（Fe3O4NPs）调控作物耐盐的效应和机理,采用共沉淀法成功合成10 nm粒径的Fe3O4NPs,并通过了表征分析和鉴定;进一步研究其0、1、10、50、100、200、300、400 mg?L–1 分散液浸种处理对NaCl胁迫下番茄种子萌发、幼苗生长及其抗氧化的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫下1 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种明显降低番茄种子发芽、幼苗胚根和下胚轴生长,随着浸种浓度上升,其发芽逐步得到改善;100 mmol?L–1 NaCl胁迫下,200 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种的种子发芽势和下胚轴长达到峰值,显著高于仅盐处理的对照。100 mmol?L–1 NaCl胁迫明显降低番茄种子成苗率、幼苗鲜物质量和含水量,1 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种,导致其进一步降低,随着Fe3O4NPs浸种浓度上升,其数值逐渐上升,200 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种的幼苗鲜物质量和含水量达到峰值,显著高于仅盐处理的对照。盐胁迫下,1 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种的幼苗超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性显著上升,而过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性下降,随着Fe3O4NPs浸种浓度上升,SOD和POD酶活逐渐下降再逐渐回升,CAT酶活逐渐上升再回落,100~200 mg ?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种的幼苗SOD和POD酶活、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量、超氧阴离子自由基（O2?－）和过氧化氢（H2O2）含量均最低,而其CAT酶活最高。相关性分析表明,幼苗鲜物质量、成苗率与SOD和POD活性以及MDA和活性氧含量均呈极显著负相关。综上所述,在盐胁迫下Fe3O4NPs浸种处理的番茄种子萌发和成苗依赖于Fe3O4NPs不同浓度的调控特征,即1 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种处理展示了进一步抑制的典型特征,其氧化胁迫加剧;而200 mg?L–1 Fe3O4NPs浸种处理表现为促进萌发、成苗和壮苗的显著作用,与其抗氧化得到明显改善直接相关。     

环境中纳米TiO_2对拟南芥生长及相关基因表达的影响

为探讨环境中纳米TiO_2毒性产生的机制,本试验以拟南芥为材料,研究不同浓度(0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00、1.5 0 mg·L~(-1))的纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)对拟南芥种子萌发、生长和相关基因转录水平的影响。结果表明,与对照组(CK)相比,1.00 mg·L~(-1)和1.50 mg·L~(-1)纳米TiO_2处理下,种子的发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数均受到抑制;幼苗株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量降低,根长、根系活力均呈上升趋势;根中植物生长素吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量呈上升趋势,脱落酸(ABA)含量呈下降趋势。在1.50 mg·L~(-1)处理下,叶片中IAA和ABA含量分别呈下降和上升趋势。Lhcb3、CAO、Rubisco、RCA基因mRNA表达量呈先上升后下降趋势。纳米TiO_2可以减缓拟南芥种子的萌发,抑制光系统II活性、碳同化和光合碳代谢,降低光合作用效率,进而抑制拟南芥的生长。本研究结果为探讨纳米TiO_2对植物毒性影响的分子机理及其在生态环境中的生物效应提供了理论依据,也为纳米材料环境安全评价提供了参考。     

铁锰复合污染对美洲商陆生物毒性及超积累特性的影响

采用溶液培养法研究了铁(0,0.5,1 mmol/L)和锰(0,4,8 mmol/L)复合污染对美洲商陆发芽、胚根伸长抑制率及植株体内铁锰含量的影响。结果表明,不同浓度铁锰处理均抑制种子发芽和胚根伸长,当铁浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,随着锰浓度的升高抑制作用减弱,当铁浓度为1 mmol/L时种子发芽及胚根伸长受到明显抑制,添加锰不能起到缓解作用;铁浓度一定时,随着锰浓度的增加,植株根部铁含量明显下降,当锰浓度一定时,随着铁浓度的升高从根部向地上部转运的锰减少;相关分析和多元回归分析表明,美洲商陆体内各部分铁锰含量与锰处理浓度偏相关程度较高,均达极显著水平,尤以根部含量影响最为显著,其中锰处理浓度与植株内锰含量呈正相关,与铁含量呈负相关;美洲商陆在复合污染处理14 d后锰积累量高于7 d的积累量,且地上部锰积累量大于地下部,说明美洲商陆适宜在一定浓度范围内的铁锰复合污染进行植物修复。     

模拟酸雨下氯化镧处理对小麦发芽及幼苗生长的影响

模拟酸雨下采用不同浓度的氯化镧浸泡小麦种子,测定其对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在模拟酸雨下,1~100mg/L浓度的氯化镧可以促进小麦发芽、增加幼苗干重、促进根系生长、提高根系活力及叶绿素含量,并能抑制丙二醛和脯氨酸增多,增强了小麦对酸雨逆境的抵抗能力。从不同浓度的氯化镧对小麦的发芽、营养生长及生理指标的影响进行综合判断可知,以10mg/L的氯化镧处理效果最好。     

Pb胁迫下外源GSH对马蔺体内Pb积累和非蛋白巯基化合物含量的影响

采用溶液培养研究Pb胁迫以及Pb胁迫下添加外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丁胱亚磺酰胺(BSO)对马蔺根和叶干质量、Pb含量以及非蛋白巯基总肽(NPT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和其他非蛋白巯基化合物(植物螯合肽(PC)、半胱氨酸(Cys))含量的影响.结果表明,300 mg/L高浓度Pb胁迫下马蔺根系内Pb的大量积累显著抑制马蔺根系的生长,但同浓度Pb胁迫下添加100 mg/L GSH后马蔺体内Pb含量和干质量均不同程度增加,尤其是地上部,地上部干质量比300 mg/L单独Pb胁迫下马蔺根系干质量增加20.5％,接近于对照水平.而300 mg/L的Pb胁迫下添加100 mg/L BSO(GSH和PC合成抑制剂)后马蔺根系和地上部干质量均不同程度下降,根系降幅较大.根和叶中非蛋白巯基化合物含量检测显示,与单独Pb胁迫相比,Pb胁迫下添加GSH后马蔺根系和地上部NPT、GSH和其他非蛋白巯基化合物含量均呈增加的趋势;而Pb胁迫下添加BSO后除马蔺地上部其他非蛋白巯基化合物含量略有增加外,马蔺根系和地上部NPT、GSH和其他非蛋白巯基化合物含量较单一Pb胁迫下均出现不同程度下降,尤其根系内GSH含量降幅最大.综合分析Pb胁迫下添加外源GSH和BSO后马蔺干质量、Pb含量以及不同非蛋白巯基化合物含量的变化及关系,表明Pb胁迫下添加BSO后马蔺生物量的下降可能与非蛋白巯基化合物合成受抑尤其是GSH的合成降低有关.因此,Pb胁迫下GSH在马蔺Pb吸收转运和解毒中具有更重要的作用.     

硅作用下铜对小麦幼苗生理特性影响研究

通过水培试验,研究了在不同加硅量(0,30,60,90,120,150 mg/L,以SiO2计)作用下,铜(10 mg/L,以Cu计)对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统活性(SOD、POD、CAT)、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及MDA含量的影响,结果表明:在加硅量(30,60,90 mg/L,以SiO2计)作用下,小麦幼苗叶绿素a含量、抗氧化酶系统(SOD、POD)活性、脯氨酸含量、可溶性蛋白含量的升高以及MDA含量的降低,减轻了铜对小麦幼苗的毒害作用;在加硅量150 mg/L作用下,小麦幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白含量的降低,MDA含量的升高,加重了铜对小麦幼苗的毒害作用。研究结果表明,加硅处理能够在一定浓度范围内缓解铜对小麦幼苗的毒害作用,从而为铜毒害的小麦区域增施硅肥提供理论依据。     

蓼科、禾本科植物细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的比较研究

以4种蓼科植物(荞麦、金荞麦、虎杖、无辣蓼)和2种禾本科植物(水稻、小麦)为材料,比较研究不同科属植物的细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的差异。结果表明:(1)6种植物叶片的游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和根系质膜透性均随着Al3 胁迫浓度增加而增大,禾本科植物的游离脯氨酸含量高于4种蓼科植物,荞麦、金荞麦的质膜透性、MDA含量高于虎杖、无辣蓼、水稻、小麦。(2)荞麦、小麦叶片的SOD和POD活性随Al3 胁迫浓度持续增长,虎杖和水稻持续下降,金荞麦和无辣蓼在25 mg/L Al3 处理时最高,100 mg/L Al3 胁迫明显降低。综合细胞膜对铝胁迫反应的各种特征,可以说明蓼科植物细胞膜透性变化是Al3 引发氧化胁迫的一种受损表现,而禾本科植物细胞膜透性变化是对A3 胁迫的一种适应性反应。     

镉胁迫对小麦形态发育及生理代谢的影响

重金属是威胁小麦(Triticum aestivum)生长的重要因素之一,其中镉毒性较大。为了探究重金属镉对小麦的毒害机理,本实验以具有不同耐镉性的中育10号、周麦18和洛麦23为实验材料,采用水培法,研究不同浓度镉溶液(Cd Cl_2·2.5H_2O)(0、10、20和40 mg/L)对3份小麦种子发育、生理响应和根细胞超微结构的影响。研究结果显示,镉溶液浓度为20 mg/L时,中育10号、周麦18和洛麦23的发芽率分别下降12%、20%和42%;当镉溶液浓度升至40 mg/L时,小麦根的生长受到强烈抑制,耐镉性较强品种中育10号的根长下降69%,耐镉性较弱品种洛麦23根长下降80%。对不同组织的相关生理生化指标检测显示,过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、脯氨酸含量和胞间CO_2浓度均有不同程度增加,中育10号上升幅度高于洛麦23;根系活力、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均有不同程度降低。此外,利用透射电镜对根细胞的观察显示,在相同浓度镉胁迫下,耐镉性较强品种中育10号维持相对完整超微结构,对金属镉有良好的抗性和适应性。本研究从生长形态、生理代谢和细胞结构等方面,综合探讨了不同抗性小麦对镉的响应机理,对于小麦遗传育种具有一定的参考价值。     

Alteration of Phytotoxicity and Oxidant Stress Potential by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Cucumis sativus

This study was carried out to examine the phytotoxicity and oxidant stress by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in Cumumis sativus and the characterization of CuO and ZnO NP suspensions. We estimated the bioaccumulation of CuO and ZnO NP in plant, reactive oxygen species enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) activities in plant tissue of root, and observed CuO and ZnO NPs with transmission electron microscopy. We found that the seedling biomass significantly decreased to 75% and 35% of that of control at 1,000?mg/L of CuO and ZnO NPs, respectively. The bioavailability and oxidant stress potential of plants exposed to metal oxide particles were dependent in the size, concentration, and species of the NPs. The median inhibition concentrations of CuO and ZnO NPs were 376 and 215?mg/L, respectively. In transmission electron microscopy, CuO and ZnO NPs greatly adhered to the root cell wall, and NPs were observed in the root cells. Another finding indicated that both CuO and ZnO NPs caused statistically significant increase in SOD, CAT, and POD activities and significant increase at 100?mg/L concentration levels. These results indicated that NPs alter both phytotoxicity and oxidative stress in plant assays. We further suggest that the oxidative stress markers appear to be a good predator of potential future toxicity of nanoparticles.     

Physiological Effects and Fluorescence Labeling of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on Citrus (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus reticulata</Emphasis>) Seedlings

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported to cause physiological effects on plant cells and tissue. This study traced the uptake and distribution of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs) in citrus (Citrus reticulata) plants under hydroponic condition by fluorescent dye labeled γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs, and described a detailed evidence of physiological effects of 0–100 mg/L γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs on citrus plants by measuring the physiological parameters such as content of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, soluble protein, activity of antioxidant enzyme, and ferric reductase after 21 days exposure. Fluorescence images of citrus stem and root showed that citrus roots could absorb γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs but no translocation from roots to shoots was observed, since NPs aggregated or even clogged the vascular system. Physiological results showed that 20 mg/L γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs could significantly enhance chlorophyll content by 126.4%, while 50 and 100 mg/L of γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs decreased chlorophyll content by 27.8 and 35.4%, respectively. MDA contents in citrus leaves under 20–100 mg/L γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs exposure were increased by 37.8, 107.2, and 61.5%, respectively, while that in roots were decreased by 27.0,11.9, and 7.4%, respectively, with elevated SOD and CAT activity, suggesting that oxidative stress occurred in citrus leaves, but oxidative stress in roots was eliminated by antioxidant defense. It is noteworthy that although Fe(II)-EDTA treatment had a high level of chlorophyll content, it induced strong oxidative stress in citrus plants as well. Collectively, the various physiological responses of citrus plants to γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs exposure were closely correlated with the concentrations of NPs. γ-Fe₂O₃ NPs at proper concentrations, such as 20 mg/L, have the potential to ameliorate chlorosis of plants and be effective nanofertilizers for increasing agronomic productivity.     

Evaluation of chitosan nanoparticles effects with two application methods on wheat under drought stress

Chitosan and its components have beneficial effects on a wide variety of plant species. Yet, their effects on wheat plants under drought stress are not well known. So, a field experiment was laid out in order to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) on wheat. The wheat seeds were sown in plots. Then, the chitosan NPs were added to them through soil and foliar application at tillering, stem elongation, and heading stages. Results indicated that the drought stress significantly decreased majority of the studied traits compared to the normal irrigation. Application of the NPs especially 90?ppm increased leaf area (LA), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, yield, and biomass compared to the control. Finally, our results highlight that usage of the chitosan NPs especially 90?ppm can mitigate adverse effects of drought in the wheat under drought stress.     

不同基因型小麦侧根生长对硝态氮的响应差异

以4个小麦品种石麦15、衡观35、H10和L14为供试作物,进行营养液培养试验,研究不同浓度硝态氮供应对小麦侧根发育的影响。结果表明:0.05~25.0 mmol/L硝态氮处理13 d,小麦生物量及侧根形态尚未受到明显影响;硝态氮处理22 d后,植株地上部生物量和氮含量明显增加,石麦15、H10和衡观35增加幅度较大,L14增幅较小;0.05 mmol/L低浓度硝态氮处理下,4个小麦品种的侧根平均长度较长。进一步研究发现,小麦侧根发育对不同浓度硝态氮供应的反应存在明显的基因型差异:0.05 mmol/L硝态氮处理下,石麦15的侧根长度和总根长增加,侧根密度无明显变化;H10的侧根总长度增加,侧根密度减少;衡观35的侧根密度减少,侧根总长度变化不大,而L14的侧根总长度和侧根密度均无明显改变。硝态氮处理浓度在2.5~20.0 mmol/L范围内,小麦侧根数量和长度均没有受到明显影响,在均匀供应硝态氮条件下,高浓度的硝态氮处理未影响小麦的侧根长度和数量。     

Interactive effect of salinity and silver nanoparticles on photosynthetic and biochemical parameters of wheat

The present study investigated the influence of seed priming with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), 0, 2, 5 and 10 mM, on growth and biochemical parameters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under salt stress. As expected, 150 mM of NaCl decreased the shoot fresh and dry weights and chlorophyll contents and increased the catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities. Salinity enhanced the concentration of proline, soluble sugars, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Seed priming with Ag NPs increased the shoot fresh and dry weight of normal and salt-stressed plants. Lower concentration of Ag NPs decreased the total soluble sugars and proline contents, while the higher Ag NPs levels increased these contents compared to the control. The combined application of Ag NPs and salt stress increased the soluble sugars and proline contents, while it decreased CAT activity and increased POD activity compared to the respective Ag NPs treatments alone. Overall, our results demonstrated that Ag NPs enhanced the salt tolerance in wheat, but the long-term response of Ag NPs under salt stress needs further investigation.     

兽药污染土壤对小麦和白菜根伸长抑制的毒性效应

含有残留兽药的粪便作为有机肥施入农田,可造成农业土壤污染,对人类健康和生态系统产生潜在危害。为评价兽药污染的潜在生态影响,本试验采用室内生长箱培养的方法,测定了黄潮土在2种常用兽药土霉素、伊维菌素污染条件下,对2种作物（小麦和白菜）根伸长、芽伸长的抑制率,以及复合污染毒性效应。结果表明,土壤中土霉素、伊维菌素浓度与作物根伸长及芽伸长抑制率呈显著线性相关（P〈0．01）。2种兽药对植物根、芽伸长抑制强度为：伊维菌素〉〉土霉素;在药物的胁迫下,作物的根伸长较芽伸长敏感,2种作物的敏感性为：小麦〉白菜,小麦为兽药污染的敏感植物。土霉素和伊维菌素的复合污染产生明显的协同作用。     

EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON GERMINATION,PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GROWTH PARAMETERS OF TWO WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN IRAN

□ Effects of different arsenic (As) concentration (0–30 mg L^?1) on seed germination, root tolerance index, relative shoot height, root and shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigments and arsenic accumulation in two wheat varieties were investigated. Low concentrations of arsenic (0–2.5 mg L^?1) stimulated germination percentage, shoot and root elongation, plant biomass as well as chlorophyll content as compared with control, however, these factors all decreased gradually at high concentrations of arsenic (5–30 mg L^?1). ‘Zarin’ variety had a significantly higher tolerance to arsenic than ‘Sardari.’ Arsenic accumulation by plants root and shoot increased with the increasing arsenic concentrations in medium, which ‘Zarin’ had a higher ability to absorb and translocate arsenic to the shoots. Root accumulated more arsenic than shoot. The similar trend of chlorophyll content and wheat growth under different arsenic concentration suggesting that arsenic toxicity affects the photosynthesis which ultimately results in the reduction of wheat growth and yield.     

铝胁迫对不同耐铝小麦品种根伸长生长影响的研究

为探讨铝胁迫抑制根生长的机理,以耐铝型小麦品种ET8和铝敏感型ES8为试验材料,研究了铝胁迫对小麦根相对伸长率,根尖细胞显微结构的影响以及细胞壁木质素含量及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明,ET8和ES8经50μmol/L铝胁迫6、122、4 h后,根相对伸长率随铝胁迫时间延长而变小。利用植物显微技术发现,ET8和ES8经50μmol/L胁迫24 h后,根尖伸长区皮层细胞变扁平,细胞间隙变小,细胞壁褶皱,并呈齿轮状交合;ES8细胞受伤害程度较ET8显著。经50μmol/L铝胁迫6、12、24 h后,ET8和ES8根尖细胞长度受铝胁迫的程度随时间延长而加强,根尖细胞相对长度与根相对伸长率呈显著正相关的关系(r=0.9911**)。50μmol/L铝胁迫24 h后,ET8和ES8根尖苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及细胞壁木质素合成显著增加。上述结果表明,铝胁迫通过增加苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶、过氧化物酶活性,促进根尖细胞壁木质素合成,加快细胞的木质化,细胞壁延展性变小,从而抑制细胞的伸长,减小根的生长。由于铝胁迫下ES8中木质素合成显著高于ET8,且根尖细胞结构受破坏较ET8显著,造成铝胁迫下ES8根生长受抑制比ET8显著,是ET8较ES8耐铝胁迫的主要原因。     

小麦根尖细胞壁对铝的吸附/解吸特性及其与耐铝性的关系

研究了耐铝性明显差异的2个小麦基因型西矮麦1号(耐性)和辐84系(敏感)根系对铝毒胁迫的反应与根尖细胞壁组分以及细胞壁对铝的吸附和解吸的关系。结果表明,30mol/L.AlCl3可迅速抑制小麦根系伸长,但对辐84系根系伸长的抑制更为明显,且小麦根系相对伸长率随着铝浓度的提高而急剧降低。在30mol/L.AlCl3处理24h后,西矮麦1号根系伸长的抑制率为33.3%,而辐84系根系伸长的抑制率高达70.9%。小麦距根尖0～10.mm根段的铝含量和细胞壁中果胶糖醛酸含量显著高于10～20.mm根段,且前者对铝的累积吸附量明显大于后者;在0～10.mm根段,敏感基因型果胶含量高于耐性基因型,其根尖含铝量及根尖细胞壁对铝的吸附量都要大于后者。采用1.0.mol/L.NH3.H2O对细胞壁预处理2.h降低果胶甲基酯化程度后,耐性和敏感基因型根尖细胞壁对铝的累积吸附量分别降低了17.1%和20.9%,但对铝的累积解吸率没有影响。由此可见,小麦根尖是铝毒的主要位点,细胞壁果胶含量和果胶甲基酯化程度可能是导致不同小麦基因型根尖细胞壁对铝吸附量、铝积累量的差异及其对铝毒胁迫反应的差异的重要原因。     

多效唑对旱地小麦一些生理、生育特性及产量的影响

采用田间试验研究了两种密度条件下不同时期和不同浓度多效唑以及多效唑+GA3对旱地小麦一些生育、生理特性及产量影响。结果表明,多效唑显著增加了小麦分蘖数,降低了株高和叶面积,降低程度随浓度提高和次数增加而更显著;GA3减轻了多效唑的抑制作用。多效唑对越冬期叶绿素含量无影响,但提高了拔节期的含量;抑制了越冬期硝酸还原酶活性,而对拔节期硝酸还原酶活性、铵、硝态氮含量及总量无效果。三叶期喷施多效唑,同时在拔节期喷施多效唑+GA3增加了收获穗数,减少穗粒数,保持和提高了粒重,增产5.8％。多效唑的效果因喷施时期和密度而不同,可能与水肥条件的差异有关。