长蒴母草黄脉病毒——一个双生病毒的新种

 从采集于海南儋州地区表现黄脉症状的长蒴母草(Lindernia anagallis)上分离到病毒分离物L2, DNA-A全序列分析结果表明, 全长2739个核苷酸(nt)(GenBank登录号:AY795900), 共编码6个ORF, 其中病毒链编码AV1(CP)、AV2, 互补链编码AC1、AC2、AC3、AC4。利用BLAST程序对DNA-A进行分析表明, 与L2 DNA-A有同源关系的病毒均为双生病毒科(Geminiviridae)菜豆金色黄花叶病毒属(Begomovirus)成员。进一步比较发现, L2 DNA-A与我国广东报道的广东番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leaf curl Guangdong virus, ToLCGuV)(AY602165)全基因组核苷酸序列的同源性最近, 仅为77.0%, 说明L2为Begomovirus中的一个新种, 命名为长蒴母草黄脉病毒(Lindernia anagallis yellow vein virus, LAYVV)。与L2的IR区及各基因编码的氨基酸序列有最高同源性的病毒均来源于亚洲。利用DNA-B特异引物和DNA-β的特异引物, 均未检测到DNA-B和卫星DNA-β的存在。     

一种侵染薇甘菊的中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒DNA-A基因组特征及重组分析

为明确采集自我国广西壮族自治区玉林市博白县的疑似为双生病毒侵染并表现叶片黄脉症状薇甘菊的病原物及其基因组分子特征，利用双生病毒DNA-A通用引物SPG1/SPG2和特异性引物WGJ-F/WGJ-R扩增获得病毒基因组，利用β卫星通用引物检测卫星病毒，使用Vector NTI Advance 11.5.1软件进行序列拼接，运用MEGA 7.0和RDP 3.44软件进行系统发育树的构建和重组分析。结果表明：引起薇甘菊叶片黄脉症状的病原物为中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒（Ageratum yellow vein China virus，AYVCNV），该分离物命名为AYVCNV_WGJ，GenBank登录号为MK880139，但未扩增得到β卫星。该病毒DNA-A基因组全长为2 755 bp，含有6个开放阅读框。AYVCNV-WGJ分离物与AYVCNV鳢肠Eclipta prostrata分离物（GenBank登录号MN218667）的核苷酸序列同源性最高，为90.1%，其中AC4编码的蛋白变异较大。重组结果分析显示AYVCNV_WGJ分离物是由AYVCNV-Tomato分离物（GenBank登录号KU954388）和1个未知病毒（GenBank登录号EU487047）重组得到，重组区域为其基因组2 046~2 612 bp区域。     

在中国广东侵染胜红蓟的中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒的鉴定和全基因组分析

2022年9月在广东省罗定市发现了叶片表现为黄色网状症状的胜红蓟病株。为了明确胜红蓟叶片的黄脉症状是否由双生病毒感染引起, 本研究使用检测双生病毒的简并引物PA/PB进行PCR扩增, 获得约500 bp的片段。根据该序列设计特异性引物扩增并且克隆得到了病毒DNA-A的全基因组序列。通过BLAST比对发现, 获得的DNA-A与中国胜红蓟黄脉病毒(ageratum yellow vein China virus, AYVCNV)海南分离物(OQ421190)的DNA-A的相似性最高, 相似度为98.11%。系统进化树分析显示, 获得的病毒DNA-A与海南分离物(OQ421190)在同一分支, 说明具有较近的亲缘关系。以上研究结果表明侵染胜红蓟的病毒是AYVCNV的分离物。这是关于AYVCNV在广东地区侵染胜红蓟的首次报道, 可为当地病毒病的防控提供参考。     

双生病毒——一类值得重视的植物病毒

 双生病毒是世界范围内广泛发生的一类植物单链DNA病毒,已在多种作物上引起严重危害。重组是导致双生病毒变异和病害流行的重要原因。近年来,在单组份双生病毒中发现有新型卫星DNA分子——DNAβ,DNAβ是病毒致病所必需的。本文就双生病毒的危害性、病毒的重组、DNAβ的发现及与致病性的关系、双生病毒与伴随的小分子DNA形成病害复合体、双生病毒DNA-A和小分子DNA的进化关系等问题进行了简要评述。     

侵染新疆加工番茄的中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒 DNA-A的基因组特征

 从新疆加工番茄上分离到病毒分离物XJ26-4,对其基因组DNA-A 全序列测定表明,XJ26-4 DNA-A 全长2 737 个核苷酸(GenBank 登录号:FN985163),具有典型的双生病毒基因组特征。进一步序列比较发现,XJ26-4 DNA-A 与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)各分离物的同源性最高,达到91. 2% ~ 99. 5% ,而与其他双生病毒的序列相似性均在79. 5% 以下,表明XJ26-4 是TYLCCNV 的一个分离物。这是首次明确新疆加工番茄受到粉虱传双生病毒的侵染。     

2种单组份双生病毒与异源卫星DNA的互作

 烟草曲茎病毒(Tobacco curly shoot virus,TbCSV) Y35分离物(Y35)和中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV) Y10分离物(Y10)是从云南烟草上分离的2种单组份双生病毒,分别伴随卫星DNAβ(Y35β及Y10β)分子。将Y35和Y10分别伴随其同源或异源卫星(Y35β或Y10β)接种本氏烟和心叶烟,症状观察表明,无论Y10还是Y35伴随异源卫星DNAβ时引起的症状均与其伴随同源DNAβ引起的症状明显不同,且Y10β伴随Y35致病性最强。Southern印迹结果表明,Y10β及Y35β均可被异源辅助病毒稳定复制,但其复制水平明显低于伴随同源病毒时的水平,且植株中病毒和卫星的积累量并不完全与症状严重程度直接相关。     

侵染中国陕西南瓜的中国南瓜曲叶病毒的鉴定和全基因组分析

为明确南瓜叶片上卷、黄化的症状是否由病毒侵染引起,本研究采用小RNA深度测序对采集自陕西地区的南瓜叶片样品进行了鉴定。结果显示,侵染南瓜样品的病毒可能是中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus, SLCCNV)。经PCR扩增并且克隆测序获得了病毒的DNA-A和DNA-B组分的全基因组序列。序列比对发现,所克隆的DNA-A组分与SLCCNV海南分离物(SLCCNV-Hn61)DNA-A的一致性最高,为99.1%;DNA-B组分与SLCCNV-Hn61和三亚分离物SLCCNV-SY的DNA-B组分一致性最高,为96.8%。系统进化树分析发现所克隆的DNA-A和DNA-B组分分别与SLCCNV-Hn61和SLCCNV-SY的亲缘关系最近。以上研究结果表明侵染陕西南瓜叶片的病毒是SLCCNV的分离物。这是首次报道SLCCNV在陕西地区的危害,研究结果为当地经济作物南瓜的病害防控提供参考。     

伴随卫星分子的两种单组分双生病毒TbCSV和TYLCCNV之间的拮抗互作

为明确烟草曲茎病毒(Tobacco curly shoot virus,TbCSV)和中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leafcurl China virus,TYLCCNV)在不同寄主中的相互作用,将含有TbCSV分离物Y35(Y35)和TYLCCNV分离物Y10(Y10)及伴随卫星DNAβ(Y35β或Y10β)侵染性克隆的农杆菌按不同组合接种本氏烟和心叶烟,定期观察植株症状。结果表明,当Y10和Y35同时伴随Y10β或Y35β时,接种植株60天后,在本氏烟中引起的曲叶症状减轻,而在心叶烟中曲叶症状减轻的现象在侵染早期较明显,且植株表现的症状与Y35+Y10β或Y35+Y35β引起的症状相似。PCR及Southern印迹检测结果显示,在本氏烟植株中,两种病毒及卫星在整个侵染过程中均能复制,且Y10和Y35的复制水平在侵染后期均降低。在接种后15天的心叶烟植株中能检测到所有DNA组分,但接种100天后在这些植株中均不能检测到Y10的复制,而Y35的复制水平与单独伴随卫星相比差异不大。表明TbCSV与TYLCCNV在症状形成和复制水平上存在拮抗互作,且这种拮抗作用随寄主不同表现各异。     

侵染假酸浆的泰国番茄黄化曲叶病毒全基因组结构特征

为明确假酸浆Nicandra physalodes叶片黄化、皱缩症状是否由菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒侵染引起,本研究利用分子检测方法和生物信息学技术鉴定了假酸浆样品中的病毒种类。从采集的病样中克隆并获得了2条菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒DNA-A全序列和1条beta卫星全序列,经全序列分析发现,该双生病毒的两条DNA-A全序列与泰国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus, TYLCTHV)云南分离物TYLCTHV-YN1732一致性最高,达99.3%,亲缘关系较近;beta卫星的全序列与云南番茄曲叶beta卫星(tomato leaf curl Yunnan betasatellite, TLCYnB)的分离物YN5230一致性最高,达99.3%,亲缘关系较近。重组分析显示,假酸浆上分离的TYLCTHV-YN5735-12是一个重组病毒,有两个重组事件,一个主要发生在AV1的编码区,由中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(tomato yellow leaf curl China virus, TYLCCNV)和广西大戟曲叶病毒(euphorbia lea...     

复合侵染水茄的两种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒基因组结构特征分析

为明确水茄Solanum torvum植株叶片邹缩、褪绿是否由菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒侵染引起,从云南省西双版纳傣族自治州田间采集具有疑似感染症状的水茄植株叶片样品,应用菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒简并引物和特异性引物进行PCR扩增、克隆和测序,通过生物信息软件分析比较其核苷酸序列特征,并对其进行系统发育分析。结果显示,从采集的疑似病叶中共克隆获得了5条菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒DNA-A全序列和3条DNA-B全序列,经全序列分析发现,侵染水茄的2种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒分离物分别属于中国南瓜曲叶病毒(squash leaf curl China virus,SLCCNV)和野茼蒿黄脉病毒(Crassocephalum yellow vein virus,CraYVV)。SLCCNV水茄分离物的基因组具有典型的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒双组分结构特征,与来自泰国的SLCCNV分离物(AB330078)亲缘关系最近,相似性最高达到99.0%;CraYVV水茄分离物的基因组具有典型的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒单组分结构特征,与来自云南省景洪市的CraYVV分离物(EF165536)亲缘关系最近,相似性最高达到97.6%。表明水茄是这2种菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的新寄主,并首次发现双组分和单组分菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒可复合侵染水茄。     

Variability in Geminivirus Isolates Associated with Phaseolus spp. in Brazil

ABSTRACT Bean golden mosaic geminivirus (BGMV) is the single most devastating virus of common beans in the tropical and subtropical Americas and the Caribbean Basin. The BGMV from Brazil, named BGMV-BZ, is considered distinct from BGMV-PR isolates from Puerto Rico, Guatemala, and the Dominican Republic because of DNA sequence data, the ability to form pseudorecombinants, and mechanical transmissibility properties. In bean-growing areas of Brazil, samples were collected from beans, lima beans, and the weed Leonurus sibiricus displaying typical symptoms of infection by geminiviruses. Viral DNA fragments comprising part of the rep gene, the common region, and part of the cp gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. The bean samples had geminivirus with sequences nearly identical to that of BGMV-BZ collected in Goiania, state of Goiás, in 1986. The sample from lima bean contained a new species of geminivirus that induces symptoms similar to those induced by BGMV-BZ and was named lima bean golden mosaic virus (LBGMV-BR). While all sequences from bean samples clustered with BGMV-BZ, the sequence from the lima bean isolate stood alone. A mixed infection with abutilon mosaic geminivirus was also found in a single sample from the state of S?o Paulo. DNA sequence comparisons indicate that the virus isolate from L. sibiricus represents a new geminivirus species, designated here as leonurus mosaic virus.     

湖南省番茄和牵牛花上双生病毒的分子鉴定

双生病毒是一类在全世界范围内广泛发生的单链环状DNA病毒。本文对从湖南采集到的6例(洋姜、番茄、萝卜、赛葵、甘薯、牵牛花)疑似双生病毒侵染的植物叶片进行了分子鉴定。利用滚环扩增技术(RCA)对样品DNA进行扩增,分别对其RCA产物进行酶切,并将酶切得到的片段测序后进行BLAST比对,结果显示番茄样品中的病毒分离物与番茄黄化曲叶病毒相似性最高(99%),牵牛花样品中的病毒分离物与甘薯卷叶病毒相似性最高(99%),证明这两个分离物是单组分DNA-A双生病毒。这是在湖南省首次发现并报道双生病毒的全核酸序列。     

Association of a Geminivirus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in India

Natural occurrence of a geminivirus causing severe leaf curl disease on sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was recorded in India. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was demonstrated by whitefly transmission tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes with three pairs of degenerate geminivirus primers. The PCR-amplified viral DNA fragments were further characterized by Southern hybridization with a geminivirus probe consisting of the cloned coat protein (CP) gene of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified CP fragment revealed that the geminivirus from sunn hemp was different than ITLCV.     

Tomato dwarf leaf curl virus, a new bipartite geminivirus associated with tomatoes and peppers in Jamaica and mixed infection with tomato yellow leaf curl virus

Genomic characterization using nonradioactive probes, polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers for whitefly transmitted geminiviruses and nucleotide sequencing were used to describe a new bipartite geminivirus, associated with dwarfing and leaf curling of tomatoes and peppers in Jamaica. Partial DNA-A and DNA-B clones were obtained. DNA sequence analysis showed that tomato and pepper samples have a similar geminivirus associated with them. Nucleotide sequence identity > 92% between the common regions of DNA-A and DNA-B confirmed the bipartite nature of the Jamaican geminivirus isolates. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of DNA-A and DNA-B with those of geminiviruses representing the major phylogenetic groups of Western Hemisphere geminiviruses showed the greatest similarity to potato yellow mosaic virus and members of the Abutilon mosaic virus cluster of geminiviruses. This new virus is given the name tomato dwarf leaf curl virus (TDLCV) because of the dwarfing and leaf curling symptoms associated with infected tomato plants. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization showed mixed infections of TDLCV with tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Israel in 16% of the field samples of tomatoes and peppers.     

Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus is a distinct monopartite begomovirus

Virus isolates GD6, GD7, GD8, GD9 and GD10 were obtained from Malvastrum coromandelianum showing leaf curl symptoms in Guangdong Province of China. A specific 500 bp product was consistently detected in total DNA extracts, amplified with universal primers specific for members of the genus Begomovirus. Analysis of their partial DNA sequences revealed that they are isolates of the same begomovirus species, sharing 92·8%–97·1% nucleotide sequence identity. The complete DNA sequences of both GD6 and GD9 were found to be 2767 nucleotides, with all the characteristic features of begomovirus genome organization. The two isolates have less than 85·2% nucleotide sequence identity with other reported begomoviruses. Consequently, GD6 and GD9 are considered to be isolates of a novel begomovirus species, for which the name Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus (MLCuGdV) is proposed. Sequence analyses suggest that MLCuGdV may have arisen by recombination between viruses related to Papaya leaf curl China virus , Tomato leaf curl Philippines virus and other undiscovered virus ancestors. Neither the DNA-B component nor the DNAβ molecule associated with these begomovirus isolates was found. An infectious clone of GD6 was constructed. GD6 efficiently infected Nicotiana benthamiana , N. glutinosa and Petunia hybrida by agro-inoculation, and Malvastrum coromandelianum by whitefly transmission, inducing leaf curling, vein swelling and stunting symptoms. GD6 was also infectious in N. tabacum , but did not induce observable disease symptoms.     

侵染一品红的一品红曲叶病毒山东分离物的全基因组克隆和序列分析

2012年,在山东青州花卉市场采集一品红样品,利用双生病毒通用引物PA/PB对样品进行扩增并测序。所得序列经NCBI BLAST比对,发现是一种新的双生病毒,为一品红曲叶病毒（Euphorbia leaf curl virus, ELCV）。随后对该分离物（ELCV-Shandong）进行全基因组序列扩增和测序（GenBank登录号：KC852148）,经分子比对和进化分析,发现其与广西报道的一品红曲叶病毒G35 (AJ558121) 的相似性最高为99%,同处于一个小分支,并且中国报道的所有一品红曲叶病毒分离物都处于一个分支内,从而进一步确定了山东青州一品红病毒分离物为一品红曲叶病毒。这是一品红曲叶病毒在北方地区发生的首次报道。     

木薯花叶联体病毒复制形DNA提取和克隆及其双体的构建

 木薯花叶病毒(Cassava mosaic virus)具有两个约2.7kb的单链环状DNA,属于联体病毒(Geminivirus)组。我们用氯化铯平衡密度梯度离心的方法,从染病烟草组织中部分纯化其复制型双链环状DNA,用合适的限制性核酸内切酶切成线形,将两个组份分别克隆到pUC19质粒中,再用合适的限制性核酸内切酶切开重组质粒,分别构建成了两个组份的头尾相连的双体,测定克隆的病毒DNA的侵染性工作正在进行。     

Evidence from nucleic acid hybridization tests for geminivirus infection of ornamental crotons in India

Reduced growth of plants and excessive generalised and spotty yellowing of leaves occurred in ornamental crotons that were infected with a geminivirus, which was detected by spot hybridization tests using a cloned probe derived from DNA-A of acalypha yellow mosaic geminivirus. The croton virus was transmitted by the whitefly,Bemisia tabaci, toNicotiana tabacum andAcalypha indica, in which it caused leaf curl and yellow mosaic, respectively, but it was not transmitted to five other species. Infected crotons may therefore serve as reservoirs of a geminivirus that is able to infect a crop species.     

从福建分离的广东赛葵曲叶病毒的分子特征

 从中国福建省表现曲叶和脉突症状的赛葵上分离到病毒分离物FJ1~FJ6。利用菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒的特异性简并引物PA/PB,在所有6个分离物中都分离到了约500bp长度的病毒部分DNA片段。这些DNA片段与已报道的广东赛葵曲叶病毒(Malvastrum leaf curl Guangdong virus,MLCuGdV)的核苷酸序列同源性高达90%-93%。随机挑选FJ3分离物进行全基因组DNA的克隆测序。结果表明,FJ3 DNA全长2765个核苷酸,具有典型的双生病毒科病毒的基因组结构特征,与MLCuGdV的同源性为92.9%,表明FJ3是MLCuGdV的一个分离物。系统进化分析表明,除了MLCuGdV,FJ3与其它赛葵上分离到的双生病毒的亲缘关系都较远,而与分离自中国南方番木瓜上的双生病毒聚成簇,有较近的亲缘关系。进一步比较分析各蛋白编码的氨基酸序列发现,FJ3可能是一个种间重组分子,它可能是由中国番木瓜曲叶病毒或广东番木瓜曲叶病毒和另外的未知病毒重组产生的。