Removal Processes for Tributyltin During Municipal Wastewater Treatment

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - The fate and behaviour of tributyltin (TBT) at two wastewater treatment works was examined. Both sites had two inlet streams, and each utilised high rate...     

Amphoteric Surfactants for PAH and Lead Polluted-Soil Treatment Using Flotation

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Nineteen soil samples (SE Spain) with very different chemical physical properties and developed over different parent materials were contaminated by adding...     

Evaluation of the Removal of Pollutants from Petrochemical Wastewater Using A Membrane Bioreactor Treatment Plant

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - A submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat two types of petrochemical wastewater: olefin process wastewater and total petrochemical wastewater....     

Treatment of Indigo-Dyed Textile Wastewater Using Solar Photo-Fenton with Iron-Modified Clay and Copper-Modified Carbon

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Biochar presents great promise as a technology that makes a substantial contribution in various fields of environmental research. However, existing knowledge is...     

连云港饮用水水质与市区人群健康的关系及改善措施

近几年水污染非常严重，引发了人类很多疾病。本文对连云港市水环境进行分析，并分析了连云港市人群健康的情况，发现在水体高污染的情况下，相应的疾病，特别是癌症等慢性病的发病率普遍升高。为降低水污染对人群的影响，提出了降低水污染的措施。     

Enhanced Microalgal Growth and Effluent Quality in Tertiary Treatment of Livestock Wastewater Using a Sequencing Batch Reactor

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - The Pantanal is an extensive flooded plain, rich in biodiversity and considered a Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site. It has great complexity and can be...     

Use of Ceramic Membranes in a Membrane Filtration Supported by Coagulation for the Treatment of Dairy Wastewater

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - A novel adsorbent was prepared by introducing xanthate group onto pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for removing Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The...     

Application of a Persistent Dissolved-Phase Reactive Treatment Zone for Mitigation of Mass Discharge from Sources Located in Lower-Permeability Sediments

Water, Air, &; Soil Pollution - Effect of biochar, derived from unfertilized dates, on the immobilization of Cd and Ni, in a sandy loam alkaline soil, was investigated. The biochar was applied...     

Implications of Uncertainty in a Pre-treatment Dataset when Estimating Treatment Effects in Paired Catchment Studies: Phosphorus Loads from Forest Clear-cuts

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - Estimates of increased nutrient export caused by forest clear-cuttings are mostly based on long-term paired catchment studies, where the treatment effect is...     

Alkaline Comet Assay as a Potential Tool in the Assessment of DNA Integrity in Freshwater Zooplankton Affected by Pollutants from Water Treatment Facility

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - In this pilot study, we evaluated the usefulness of the alkaline comet assay as a biomonitoring tool at the level of plankton communities affected by varying...     

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: State of the Art

The protection and conservation of natural resources is one of the main priorities of modern society. Water is perhaps our most valuable resource, and thus should be recycled. Many of the current recycling techniques for polluted water only concentrate the pollutant without degrading it or eliminating it. In this sense, advanced oxidation processes are possibly one of the most effective methods for the treatment of wastewater containing organic products (effluents from chemical and agrochemical industries, the textile industry, paints, dyes, etc.). More conventional techniques cannot be used to treat such compounds because of their high chemical stability and/or low biodegradability. This article describes, classifies, and analyzes different types of advanced oxidation processes and their application to the treatment of polluted wastewater.     

Treatment of Road Runoff by a Combined Storm Water Treatment, Detention and Infiltration System

Storm water detention devices collect runoff from impermeable catchments. They provide flow attenuation as well as storage capacity, and rely on natural self-purification processes such as sedimentation, filtration and microbial degradation. The aim was to assess the performance of an experimental combined planted gravel filter, storm water detention and infiltration tank system treating runoff from a car park and its access road. Flows were modeled with the US EPA Storm Water Management Model. An overall water balance of the system was compiled, demonstrating that 50% of the rainfall volume escaped the system as evaporation, whereas, of the remaining 50%, approximately two thirds were infiltrated and one third was discharged into the sewer system. These findings illustrated the importance of evaporation in source control, and showed that infiltration can be applied successfully even on man-made urban soils with low permeability. The assessment of the system’s hydrological efficiency indicated mean lag times of 1.84 and 10.6 h for the gravel filter and the entire system, respectively. Mean flow volume reductions of 70% and mean peak flow reductions of 90% were achieved compared to conventional drainage. The assessment of the pollutant removal efficiency resulted in promising removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (77%), suspended solids (83%), nitrate-nitrogen (32%) and ortho-phosphate-phosphorus (47%). The most important removal processes were identified as biological degradation (predominantly within the gravel ditch), sedimentation and infiltration.     

延安市退耕还林前后土壤保持生态服务功能评价

为更好地探究延安市退耕还林前后土地利用变化对区域土壤保持生态服务功能的影响,采用了InVEST模型对延安市退耕还林前后2000年和2015年的土地利用变化及土壤侵蚀量、土壤保持量进行了评估,该模型在计算生态系统土壤保持服务功能时,考虑了地块泥沙输移、沉积这一重要水文过程,在计算土壤保持量时更为精确。结果表明:(1)15年间各地类面积均发生了不同程度的变化,其中林地面积的增加量(主要来源为耕地和草地)和耕地面积的减少量(主要流向为林地和草地)分别达到了3 142.25km2及3 011.27km2,退耕还林工程取得了巨大成效。(2)延安市2000年和2015年的土壤侵蚀强度均以轻度和中度侵蚀为主,侵蚀总量分别为2.20亿t和1.38亿t,15年间各侵蚀强度类型均有向低等级侵蚀强度类型转换的趋势。(3)延安市2000年与2015年土壤保持总量分别为7.72亿t和8.50亿t,且土壤保持量呈东北向西南增加的趋势,各地类中林地和草地的土壤保持效果最佳,说明退耕还林工程的推进是增加区域土壤保持功能的重要途径。     

解读新《中华人民共和国水土保持法》的法条体系

新《中华人民共和国水土保持法》于2010年12月25日通过全国人大常委会的修订,其法条体系和突出特点可归纳为10个强化。包括强化了政府的水土保持目标责任,强化了水土保持规划的法律地位,强化了水土流失预防,强化了生产建设项目水土保持方案管理,强化了水土流失治理,强化了水土保持投入机制,强化了水土保持监测,强化了水土保持监督管理,强化了违法行为的处罚,强化了责任追究与代履行。     

施加NPD对黄土坡面径流流速和侵蚀产沙的影响

天然聚合衍生物(NPD)是一种新型的高分子聚合物,是坡面土壤侵蚀化学调控措施所采用的一种新型材料,通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,以裸坡为对照,研究了不同NPD施加措施(撒施和喷施)及不同施加量(1.0,3.0,5.0g/m2)条件下径流流速特征以及对侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明:(1)施加NPD的坡面径流流速随降雨历时的变化与裸坡一致,均呈先增大后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,且流速随降雨历时的变化过程可用对数方程描述。撒施在1.0mm/min雨强下,延迟降雨初始产流时间8～19min,而喷施在3个雨强下,初始产流的时间整体上较裸坡提前1～2min;(2)与裸坡相比,施加NPD具有显著减小流速的效应,且雨强越大,减小流速的效应越差;施加不同剂量NPD减缓坡面径流流速的效益范围13.2%～54.3%。其中撒施3g/m2剂量和喷施5g/m2剂量对坡面径流流速的减小效应相对较好;(3)与裸坡相比,施加NPD具有显著的减沙效应,且减沙效应范围为30.6%～71.2%。无论是撒施还是喷施,整体表现为5g/m2计量的减沙效应最好。(4)裸土坡面的侵蚀模数对平均流速的响应关系与撒施和喷施NPD坡面的侵蚀模数对平均流速的响应关系皆可用对数方程表示,且撒施和喷施对流速的减小作用均大于减沙作用。     

Assessing the Removal Efficiency of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb in A Treatment Wetland Using Selective Sequential Extraction: A Case Study

The accumulation and speciation of Zn, Cu, Fe and Pb in the sediments of an artificial surface-flow wetland used to treat domestic wastewater near Christchurch, New Zealand, were examined. Water metal concentrations and total suspended solid (TSS) content were determined at the inflow and outflow both in winter and summer, and metal concentrations were analysed in shoots and roots of selected plants. Water and sediment data suggest that the wetland is acting as a sink for Zn, Cu and Pb, while Fe uptake is minimal and the wetland appears to be releasing Fe in the winter. Metal concentrations in the most mobile fractions (exchangeable and bound to carbonates) are negligible. Cu is mostly associated with the organic/sulphide phase, whereas Zn and Pb show a strong affinity for hydroxides and organics/sulphides. A large fraction of all metals is also present in the residual phase, and is therefore unlikely to be released into the overlying water. Metal concentrations are below the low trigger values of the ANZECC sediment quality guidelines, except for Pb near the inflow. However, results of sequential extraction suggest that a significant proportion of Pb occurs in the detrital phase and is therefore not bio-available. Metal concentrations were higher in the roots than in the shoots of both Juncus sp. and Lythrum hyssopifolia. This study shows that, although metal concentrations are low, TSS and metals, except Fe, are effectively removed by the wetland system. The low removal rate of Fe is possibly due to the young age of the wetland and low loading rates.     

总结工作以利再战 精心部署再创佳绩——山西省2018年度水土保持工作回顾与2019年计划安排

2018年,山西省水土保持工作成绩斐然,完成水土流失治理面积35.47万hm2,超额目标任务1.34%。水土保持重点工程进展顺利,水土保持监督管理进一步强化,水土保持监测和信息化加快推进,水土保持淤地坝全年安全运用。其主要做法与经验:一是积极对接国家部委,掌握重大政策和改革发展方向,争取更大支持;二是召开重点工程现场会,现场推动、交流学习,以点带面抓落实;三是根据新的水土保持形势和工作要求,及时组织开展培训,提高人员业务水平;四是组织省内外重要新闻媒体开展形式多样的宣传报道,营造良好的社会氛围。2019年是实现脱贫攻坚和"十三五"规划的重要之年,我省计划在以下8个方面卓有成效地开展工作,再创新业绩:一是全面完成规划的水土流失治理任务;二是继续抓好水土保持重点工程建设;三是持续推进水土保持监测和信息化建设;四是加大水土保持监督执法力度,依法防治人为水土流失;五是切实加强水土保持扶贫攻坚;六是落实岗位责任,排查安全隐患,确保淤地坝安全度汛运用;七是推动落实《全国水土保持规划(2015-2030年)》,组织开展好规划实施和自查自评;八是多角度、多形式开展水土保持宣传,不断增强全民水土保持意识和法制观念,营造良好的水土保持舆论氛围。     

Sulphate deposition to a small upland catchment at suikerbosrand,South Africa

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - In 1992, a study was initiated by the Water Research Commission of South Africa, to investigate the relationship between atmospheric deposition and water quality...     

“水土保持规划与设计”课程实践环节设计

针对原"水土保持规划"课程教学中存在的问题,提出的新"水土保持规划与设计"课程是根据我国目前生产实际的需求,在原"水土保持规划"课程基础上整合形成的一门实践性很强的水土保持与荒漠化防治专业骨干课程。新"水土保持规划与设计"教学实践环节体系设计了"规划整体"和"典型流域治理措施设计"2个方向共8个方面的具体内容,既可反映整体水土保持规划的要求,更好地完成教学大纲中规定的要求,又可使学生牢固地掌握规划编制的内容和深度,同时有助于提高课程教学质量和学生的实践能力。     

γ-聚谷氨酸对土壤结构、养分平衡及菠菜产量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了土壤增施γ-PGA(0.1%,0.2%,0.3%,0.4%)对土壤团聚结构、土壤养分平衡、菠菜产量与经济效益的影响。结果表明:随γ-PGA施量增加,水稳性团聚体(WR0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均显著增大,而团聚体破坏率(PAD)与分形维数(D)均减小,说明γ-PGA对改善土壤团聚结构具有显著的效果;随γ-PGA施量的增加,菠菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量减少,土壤养分残留量与盈余量增加,养分表观损失量减小;5组处理中,0.1%施量的土壤养分平衡状况最优,0.4%施量对作物养分吸收与土壤养分的平衡产生负效应;菠菜产量及经济效益均随γ-PGA施量增加而显著减小,0.4%施量时较未施γ-PGA减产42.98%;菠菜经济效益拟合结果表明γ-PGA在0～0.1%施量范围内菠菜获利高于不施加γ-PGA处理。综上,0.1%施量对改善土壤结构与养分状况、促进作物增产及作物养分吸收效果较优,这对进一步将γ-PGA应用于实际生产中提供了理论参考。