中兽药“催情散”对不发情母牛的临床疗效试验

母畜不发情直接影响母畜的繁育和饲养效益。本试验利用山西稷山康益兽药科技开发有限公司生产的中兽药“催情散”对49例不发情母牛进行处理，每头内服300克，连用5天，发情率达85．7％，情期受胎率达57．1％，结果表明：中药“催情散”对不发情母牛亦有很好的催情作用，亦适用于不发情母牛的临床治疗。     

应用促排多胎素诱导黄牛同期发情效果试验

促排多胎素具有刺激成熟卵泡排卵,促进发情,调节发情周期,提高母畜受胎率的功效。本试验应用促排多胎素对农村分散饲养、产犊后久不发情或发情迟缓的母牛进行诱导同期发情效果研究。结果：在注射药物后24～72h内有91．67%(55/60)的母牛发情,经直肠检查发情母牛中排卵率为89．09%(49/55),情期冷配受胎率为63．27%(31/49)。试验表明：促排多胎素对产后久不发情或发情迟缓的母牛进行诱导同期发情处理效果明显,是一种理想的催情药物。     

激素组合疗法提高母牛受胎率的研究报告

为解决适配母牛不及时发情或不发情等问题,提高母牛受胎率。笔者对不发情的初产适龄母牛和经产母牛进行分组、分时、定量肌注兽用激素(组合),适时开展人工授精,定期进行妊娠检查。试验结果表明,试验母牛发情率提高至97.16%、情期受胎率提高至71.2%。激素组合疗法对不发情母牛有显著的催情、促排卵作用,能有效提高母牛受胎率。     

母牛用苯甲酸求偶二醇催情后受胎率检查初步报告

母畜大多数发情不明显或者不发情,这给1959年畜牧业的继续大跃进带来了一定的困难,但人工催情的成功使人们喜出望外,我们沛县选用“求偶素”给母牛进行注射,剂量是每头大家畜肌注三毫升(含一毫克)或一毫升(含5毫克),试验结果,母畜发     

应用初乳诱导母牛发情 提高受配率和受胎率

在实际工作中,我们发现由于农村对母畜使役过重,加之饲养管理跟不上,每年有20％～25％的可繁殖母牛不发情或发情期拖后,严重影响了母牛的繁殖,给养牛业造成了严重的经济损失。为了提高母牛的发情率、受配率和受胎率,我们根据初乳含有完全的生物学活性物质,如球蛋白、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质、微量元素、酶和各种激素,其中包括雌激素的特性,进行了初乳诱导乏情母牛发情的实验,自九一年至九三年共催情母牛142头,收到一定效果。     

短期补饲结合药物催情对提高母牛繁殖率效果的观察

我国肉牛业目前面临的主要问题是商品牛源紧张、牛肉供应不足。基础母牛繁殖率低是造成牛源紧张的重要因素。因此,提高母牛繁殖率对于缓解牛源紧张、提高养殖效益、促进产业健康发展具有重要意义。试验通过在短期内补饲催情饲料结合药物诱导催情的方法,来提高母牛繁殖率。结果表明。饲料催情结合药物催情2个月内母牛发情率达到81．8％,妊娠率为63．6％;发情率和妊娠率均有明显提高。对比目前生产模式,该技术方案使用效果比较明显,可以显著提高肉牛养殖的经济效益。     

母畜催情三忌

对不发情的母畜 ,采用苯甲酸求偶雌二醇、孕马血清、促卵泡素、前列腺素、乙烯雌酚等性激素类药物进行催情 ,是提高母畜繁殖力的有效措施。但在使用时 ,须“三忌” :一忌频繁使用。为促使母畜早发情、快发情而连续多次使用性激素 ,会打乱母畜的性周期 ,严重的可造成母畜性机能丧失 ,使母畜只发情不排卵或配种后不受孕。因此 ,使用性激素对母畜催情 ,不可连续滥用。如使用一次未见效果 ,则至少需隔 1个多月后再用。二忌用药过量。采用性激素类药物对母畜催情时 ,必须按规定严格掌握用量。三忌用后配种。一般情况下 ,对使用性激素催情后发情的…     

自拟中药催情散治疗母猪发情迟缓的试验

用自拟中药催情散、西药苯甲酸雌二醇对发情迟缓母猪进行了对比治疗试验,结果表明自拟催情散能促进发情迟缓母猪发情排卵,优于苯甲酸雌二醇的治疗效果,平均多产仔2头,基本达到了该品种的生产性能,提高了母猪的繁殖率。     

母畜用性激素催情三忌

对不发情的母畜，采用苯甲酸求偶雌二醇、孕马血清、促卵泡素、前列腺素、乙烯雌酚等性激素类药物进行催情，是提高母畜繁殖能力的有效措施之一。但是使用应得当，否则，会影响到使用效果。在通常情况下，使用性激素类药物对母畜催情有三忌：一忌频繁使用有的人为了能促使母畜早发情、快发情，对母畜连续多次使用性激素类药物催情。结果，适得其反，打乱了母畜的性周期，严重的可造成母畜的性机能丧失，导致母畜只发情、不排卵，配种后不受孕。因此，使用性激素类药物对母畜催情，不可连续滥用。如果使用一次未能见效果，至少需隔１个多月以…     

PMSG诱导荷斯坦青年母牛发情试验研究

[目的]为了诱导始配年龄的部分青年母牛发情,提高奶牛的繁殖效益.[方法]对20头荷斯坦青年奶牛应用孕马血清PMSG注射用绒促性腺素进行诱导发情处理.[结果]处理后1～9 d内出现发情的有18头,发情率为90%,未发情率为10%;5头对照牛发情率为10%,未发情率为90%(P<0.01).[结论]PMSG处理诱导青年母牛发情的效果显著、确实、可靠.     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.