不同有机物对铁皮石斛试管苗生长发育的影响

研究不同有机物浸提液对铁皮石斛试管苗生长的影响。在相同的培养条件下,以8种含有不同有机物的培养基培养试管苗,60d后对试管苗的各种性状进行记录统计,并与对照（没加有机物提取液）进行比较分析。结果不同的有机物浸提液对试管苗的影响效果不一样。壮苗以加入白萝卜提取液、CH和CM为佳,生根以加入香蕉提取液为佳,要提高繁殖系数以不加有机物为佳。     

植物激素对马铃薯试管苗的影响及微型薯高效形成条件分析

以荷兰薯与川薯3号品种为试验材料,通过加入不同浓度NAA、6-BA、2,4-D、KT,探讨不同植物激素对试管苗生长的差异,研究光照条件、固液培养方式和不同激素对试管薯形成的影响。结果表明:NAA对试管苗根部作用明显;6-BA对试管苗茎叶作用明显;2,4-D对试管苗株高有显著促进作用;KT单独使用对试管苗有较强的抑制作用。激素NAA和6-BA混合使用培养出的试管苗效果最好。使用固体培养基MS+NAA0.1mg/L+6-BA0.05mg/L+GA30.1mg/L,在24h全天强光照条件下,14~28d后即可获得试管薯。黑暗培养优于光照培养,液态培养优于固态培养,采用黑暗培养与光照培养相结合的培养方式形成的试管薯质量最好。     

培养基成分改变对马铃薯试管苗生长的影响

以马铃薯栽培品种Favorite脱毒试管苗为实验材料，在试管苗固体培养的基础上改变培养基成分，如改变培养基中有机物含量、水质、碳源等，通过对试管苗的株高、叶片数、可用节数、节间长和生根数的定期观察，结果表明：(1)不加有机成分的MS固体培养基培养的试管苗与对照的各项生长指标无显著差异，但因省去了有机物的使用，可降低培养成本，提高经济效益；(2)可用食用白糖代替蔗糖，自来水代替蒸馏水配制马铃薯试管苗扩繁培养基，它们对试管苗的生长无副作用，在规模化生产中应用效果良好；(3)2MS与MS培养基培养的试管苗生长差异并不显薯．而MS的成本低干2MS．     

继代周期对小水榕试管苗增殖及生长的影响

目前通过组织培养方法快速繁殖小水榕试管苗的技术还不成熟,考虑到继代培养周期对试管苗继代繁殖能力有一定的影响,因此研究继代周期对小水榕试管苗增殖及生长的影响,以确定适宜的继代培养方法。测定并计算经过不同继代周期培养后的小水榕试管苗的增殖倍数、平均株高、平均单株鲜重和叶绿素含量。结果表明继代周期为30 d的小水榕试管苗增殖倍数为2.79,与最大值在5%水平无显著性差异;平均株高和为平均单株鲜重均为最大,分别是2.88cm和1.95g;叶绿素含量为1.07mg/g,也与最大值在5%水平无显著性差异。30d为最适宜的小水榕试管苗继代培养周期。     

不同浓度的激素组合和有机物组合对甘薯脱毒苗快繁的影响

以甘薯一号脱毒试管苗为材料,研究了在MS基本培养基中添加不同浓度激素组合和有机物组合对其生长和快繁的影响。结果表明：各激素及有机物对甘薯脱毒苗生长指标总值的作用为6-BA>NAA>IAA和烟酸>肌醇>VB₁>甘氨酸>VB₆。激素及有机物最佳浓度组合分别为NAA（0mg/L）+6-BA（0.1mg/L）+IAA（0.1mg/L）和甘氨酸（3.0mg/L）+VB₁（0.6mg/L）+VB₆（0.25mg/L）+烟酸（100mg/L）+肌醇（1.00mg/L）,在此组合下,试管苗光照培养30d,形态指标总值和繁殖系数分别为25.52和24.98,达到最佳。     

B_9、PP_(333)和ABA对芋头种质离体保存的影响研究

为延长芋头试管苗的保存时间,提高试管苗的成活率,以槟榔芋丛芽为试验材料,采用3种不同浓度的生长延缓剂和不同的温度和光照培养条件对芋头试管苗成活率的影响进行研究。结果表明,在常温(25±2)℃光照培养条件下,PP333、ABA和B9的最佳处理浓度分别为2.0、2.0、1.0 mg/L;在低温(5±1)℃光照培养条件下,PP333、ABA和B9的最佳处理浓度分别为1.0、1.0、0.5 mg/L;在低温(5±1)℃暗培养条件下,PP333、ABA和B9的最佳处理浓度为1.0、1.0、0.5 mg/L。与常温光照培养相比,低温光照培养的芋头试管苗成活率更高,生长延缓剂的最佳处理浓度也相对更低。与低温光照培养相比,低温暗培养的芋头试管苗的存活率相对更高,两者的处理浓度相同,但低温暗培养提高了芋头试管苗的存活率。通过离体保存的试管苗恢复生长后,长势旺盛,与对照株无明显差异,3种植物生长延缓剂均能有效提高芋头试管苗的成活率。     

植物生长调节剂对白杜试管苗生长的影响

通过组织培养的方法研究植物生长调节剂对白杜试管苗生长的影响。结果表明:在进行不同浓度植物生长调节剂试验时,以MS为基本培养基,附加BA0.5 mg/L、NAA0.05 mg/L、蔗糖30 g/L、琼脂7 g/L,此时试管苗的增殖效果最佳,培养27 d,有效嫩茎数为3.433;白杜试管苗生根培养基以1/2 MS+NAA1.5 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L+琼脂7 g/L为好,培养25 d生根率为86%。     

东方百合试管鳞茎培育方式的比较

为促进试管鳞茎抽薹,缩短其形成商品球的时间,以东方百合试管鳞茎为材料,采用不同的培育方式,研究其品质与抽薹率的影响。对东方百合试管鳞茎不同培育方式的比较研究,结果表明：瓶苗冷藏或用基质冷藏,冷藏后的试管鳞茎生理变化规律相同,即淀粉含量、蛋白质含量均降低,可溶性糖含量和还原糖含量均升高;而用基质冷藏或用瓶苗冷藏,暗培养的试管鳞茎抽薹率都高于光照培养;采用暗培养或光照培养,基质冷藏的抽薹率都高于用瓶苗冷藏。工厂化生产百合种苗时宜采用暗培养试管鳞茎结合种前用基质冷藏的培育方式。     

巴西菇桂花保健饮品的研制

以巴西菇为主要原料,研究了饮品加工过程中的浸提条件及风味调配方法。结果表明,以巴西菇多糖为考察指标的巴西菇浸提优化工艺为:浸提温度80℃,浸提时间2h,液固比15∶1(mL∶g),浸提温度和液固比的影响达到了显著水平。通过添加桂花提取液进行风味调配,得到的巴西菇桂花饮品的最佳调配比例为:巴西菇提取原液稀释比例为1∶5,桂花提取液添加量2%,蔗糖添加量5%,柠檬酸添加量0.25%。制得的饮料风味独特,营养丰富。     

茶黄素试剂络合法测定茶浸提液中茶黄素的含量

茶黄素试剂(Flavognost)法测定茶浸提液中茶黄素(TF)的含量已有过研究。本文是对该法的几个方面进行更为详尽的研究。实验将(x克)Kapchorua红茶在200Cm~3的80℃蒸馏水中浸泡30分钟至分配平衡。为除去茶渣将整分(Vcm~3)浸提液移入一只具塞试管中,加入n倍茶浸提液体积的甲基异戊     

濒危植物太行菊组织培养及快繁技术研究

研究旨在建立一种珍惜濒危植物太行菊的高效再生方法,为工厂化生产提供理论基础。以MS为基本培养基,用不同激素组合对太行菊无菌苗的叶片和茎段离体培养及植株再生、炼苗移栽等过程进行研究。结果表明,太行菊的叶片分化不定芽比茎段难,茎段最适合作为外植体进行愈伤组织的诱导及不定芽分化;筛选出了最佳培养基MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,在此培养基中,茎段外植体可一步成苗,不需转换培养基即可完成愈伤组织的诱导分化及不定芽增殖过程;最佳生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L;再生苗在花园土中移栽成活率可达80%。研究简化了培养流程,建立了太行菊一步式高效再生体系。     

Plant Regeneration from Callus Cultures of Brassica carinata A. Br. and its Implications to Improvement of Oil Seed Brassicas

Protocols of plant regeneration have been developed for Brassica carinata for creating somaclonal variation for plant type and adaptability, so that this species can fit into cropping systems in Indian agriculture. The response of cotyledonary and stem explants was assessed for callus induction and shoot regeneration on MS and B₅ basal media containing different combinations of auxin and cytokinin concentrations. MS medium supplemented with BA and NAA favoured callus induction. Supplementing MS with combinations of BA and IAA, as also with BA alone, regenerated shoots from the ex pi ants with a high frequency. The frequency of shoot regeneration and the mean number of shoots per explant were higher in cotyledons than in stem explants on identical growth regulator combinations. On B₅ medium, supplemented with BA (2 mg/l) and IBA (0.4 mg/l), compact callus was produced which regenerated shoots on transfer to medium containing BA (0.8 mg/l). Genotypic differences among carinata accessions for regeneration were also observed.     

The effect of plant growth regulators and natural supplements on in vitro propagation of Pogostemon cablin Benth.

The effect of plant growth regulators and natural supplements on the morphogenetic response of Pogostemon cablin Benth. was investigated. Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.5 mg L^?1 benzyl-6-adenine and 0.5 mg L^?1 kinetin was effective in inducing multiple shoots (63.20 ± 0.15) with an average shoot length of 5.27 ± 0.15 cm and biomass of 5.20 ± 0.10 g shoot^?1. Among the natural supplements, 10% coconut water supplemented to MS media showed a better response in all the morphological parameters studied. The use of 10% tomato extract, 20% banana extract, 10% carrot extract, and 10% papaya extract in MS medium have efficiently increased multiple shoots, shoot length, and fresh weight of the shoots. The natural supplements also effectively increased the chlorophyll content, total protein, and total carbohydrate content in the plant. The frequency of rooting (93%) was highest when shoots were implanted on 1/2 strength MS media with 100 mg L^?1 activated charcoal. The in vitro rooted plants were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. Also, RAPD analysis showed no variation suggesting true-to-type nature of the micropropagated plants. Hence, this protocol can effectively reduce the cost of in vitro multiplication of plants.     

High frequency plant-regeneration through direct shoot development and somatic embryogenesis from immature inflorescence cultures of finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn)

Summary Plant regeneration from cultured immature inflorescence segments of Eleusine coracana was obtained by direct shoot development and somatic embryogenesis. Direct development of shoots from cultured inflorescence segments occurred on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with zeatin. Inflorescences with well developed spikelets differentiated at a low frequency (<5%) from callus cultures initiated on media supplemented with 2,4-D in combination with zeatin or coconut water or picloram + kinetin. Somatic embryogenesis was also induced in callus cultures growing on MS + picloram + kinetin at the end of four passages. Supplementation of the media with different concentrations of sucrose showed 3% sucrose as the best concentration for plant differentiation from somatic embryos. The majority of the regenerated plants showed the diploid chromosome constitution in their root tips. The regenerants were in general shorter with an increased number of tillers compared to the control.Abbreviations CW Coconut water - 2,4-D 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid - Kn Kinetin - Z Zeatin     

欧李增殖培养基的优化研究

【研究目的】筛选出适合欧李增殖的最适培养基,可以提高试管苗的质量和优化欧李无性繁殖体系。【方法】以欧李2号增殖培养阶段试管苗为试材,以不同培养基、不同激素浓度、不同蔗糖浓度、不同pH值为主要研究内容,进行了增殖效果研究。【结果】MS培养基最适宜欧李2号的增殖;NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+MS处理,其平均分化新梢数和大于2 cm新梢数最多;MS培养基中蔗糖浓度40 g/L处理,既可显著提高分化新梢数又可提高成苗率;pH6.0的MS培养基最适宜欧李2号生长。【结论】适于欧李2号的增殖培养基为MS培养基+NAA 0.2 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+6 g琼脂+40 g蔗糖,pH值为6.0。     

High frequency direct plant regeneration,micropropagation and Shikonin induction in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arnebia hispidissima</Emphasis>

The data presented herein reports a rapid and efficient method for direct plant regeneration at high frequency without intervening callus formation from shoot tip (93%) and nodal segment (60%) cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ KIN, 0.25 mg l⁻¹ BAP, 0.1 mg l⁻¹ IAA and 100 mg l⁻¹ CH. Conversely, leaf and internodal explants were poorly responsive. Adventitious shoot buds arose not only from the cut ends but all along the surface of the explants leading to the formation of clusters with multiple shoots. Multiple shoots upon transfer to MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg l⁻¹ IBA induced efficient rooting (80%). In vitro flowering was observed when tissue culture-raised plantlets were maintained for extended period in culture. Shikonin was induced in roots of regenerated plants which often exudates in the culture medium was quantified spectrophotometerically by recording absorbance at 620 nm and estimated to be 0.50 mg g⁻¹ fresh weight of tissue at the end of the 50 days of culture. The regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized, hardened, and transferred to soil in green house for micropropagation. The protocol developed here will be very useful for the supply of Arnebia hispidissima all year as a raw product necessary for obtaining Shikonin for the cosmetic, dyeing, food, and pharmaceutical industries.     

Plant Regeneration Through Anther Culture of Three Wild Species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H. bulbosum)

Plant regeneration was achieved through anther culture of three wild species of Hordeum (H. murinum, H. marinum and H, bulbosum). Calli or embryoids were formed from microspores in anthers cultured on a medium containing 6-benzylammopurine (BAP) and ficoll. These calli or embryoids regenerated green or albino shoots and roots after transfer to regeneration media. Green plantlets which developed on regeneration media were transferred to soil where they showed further growth.     

Efficient In Vitro Shoot-regeneration Systems in Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Two different protocols for in vitro regeneration of cassava using zygotic embryos and nodal axillary meristems have been developed. In both cases, buds were regenerated directly from excised explants without an intervening callus phase after a two-step culture procedure. In cotyledonary explants derived from zygotic embryos, prolific shoot formation occurred within 2—3 weeks on MS medium supplemented with 0.5—5 mg/1 BAP alone or in combination with 0.1 mg/1 NAA. Nodal explants with axillary meristems derived from aseptically grown seedlings or stem cuttings were used to initiate a round compact bulb-like structure on MS medium containing 10 mg/1 BAP. These latter structures, when cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/1 NAA, 1 mg/1 BAP and 0.1 mg/1 GA₃, produced multiple shoots. Somatic embryos isolated at the globular/torpedo stage from zygotic embryo explants were also capable of multiple shoot production on medium with 1 mg/1 BAP. Rooting of regenerated shoots exceeded 95 % in phytohormone-free MS medium. No change in their ploidy levels was observed. Therefore, the protocols developed should be of use in the particle gun and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of cassava.     

Regeneration of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plantlets by in vitro Culture of Immature Embryos

Plant regeneration was achieved from immature embryo-derived, calli of Pisum sativum. Embryo axes were separated from cotyledons and cultured on different media containing BAP and NAA until plantlet regeneration. Rooting of the plantlets was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 IBA. Frequency of regeneration was shown to be under the influence of the genotype. Histological preparations showed de novo origin of the shoots via organogenesis. Out of 2C regenerated plantlets, 11 were diploids (2n = 14) arid 9 aneusomatic (chromosomal mosaics) with chromosome numbers ranging from 12 to 16.