东北民猪的染色体组型及分带研究

本文采用外周血淋巴细胞短期培养方法,骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术,以及G—分带、C—分带和银染技术,对东北民猪的染色体组型、G—分带带型以及结构性异染色质的分布.18S+28S rDNA的定位和数目进行了分析。结果表明,东北民猪二倍体细胞染色体数为2n=38。雄性为18对常染色体和1对性染色体XY;雌性为18对常染色体和1对性染色体XX。根据染色体测量结果,将所有常染色体分为四组:A组1—5对,为近中着丝点染色体;B组6—7对,为近端着丝点染色体;C组8—12对,为中着丝点染色体;D组13—18对,为端着丝点染色体。性染色体X为中着丝点染色体,其大小介于8号与9号染色体之间。Y为最小的中着丝点染色体。东北民猪染色体的G—分带带型与国内外其它品种的G—分带带型基本一致。经胰酶—Giemsa分带处理后,同一染色体在不同的长度可以显示出不同数目的G—带;染色体越长,所显带的数目就越多。C—分带分析揭示,东北民猪染色体的着丝点区均有结构性异染色质的分布,其中1—4号,13—18号染色体的着丝点区显著的深染,13—18号染色体的着丝点区,结构性异染色质分布范围大并呈现多态现象。几乎整个Y染色体都有结构性异染色质的分布。银染分析揭示,18S+28S rDNA定位于8号和10号染色体的次缢痕处,每个细胞18S+28S rDN A的分布范围为1—3     

BALB/C近交系裸鼠的染色体研究

用骨髓细胞染色体直接制片技术,以及G分带、C分带、银染带技术,对昆明种小鼠、BALB/C近交系小鼠、BALB/C近交系裸鼠的染色体组型、G分带带型、结构性异染色质的分布、18S+28S rDNA的定位和数目进行了比较分析。结果,三种鼠二倍体染色体数为40,均为端着丝点;裸鼠的第3号染色体有明显的浅染色区,15号染色体也有浅染色区;各种小鼠的G带带型基本一致,与已报道的小鼠标准G带带型基本相符;C带分析结果,昆明种小鼠所有常染色体管丝点区包括X染色体均有结构性异染色质的分布;呈大小不等的浓染,而体臂着色浅淡,仅Y染色体的着丝点及体臂呈均一深染,极易辨认,需BALB/C近交系小鼠的第1、7,18号染色体浓染点缩小。裸鼠第3号染色体浓染点很大,而第1、7、11号染色体浓染点缩小。银染分析显示昆明种小鼠Ag-NOR数目众数为7条,分布范围为3～8条。BALB/C近交系小鼠、裸鼠的Ag一NOR众数均为5条,分布范围为2～7条。     

晋南黄牛的染色体分析

以晋南黄牛为实验材料,做了染色体的常规分析。测量了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比,并做了染色体的C带、R带及银染核仁组织者区(Ag-NORs)的分析。染色体常规染色及C带、R带分析表明:晋南黄牛公牛的核型为2n=60,XY。Y染色体有两种形态,一为近端着丝点染色体,另一为中着丝点染色体。Ag-NORs定位于第2、8、4、11、21(或22)及28号常染色体的末端,银染频率为每细胞6.109。讨论了另一品种双核型现象。认为晋南黄牛是我国北方普通牛与南方肩峰牛两大牛群汇合的交汇点之一。     

Wistar系大鼠染色体核型及分带研究

采用常规及分带技术,对Wistar系大鼠染色体研究的结果如下:2n=42;1;X号染色体为亚端着丝点染色体;2～10;Y号为端部着丝点染色体;11～13号为亚中部着丝点染色体;14～20号为中部着丝点染色体.染色体G-带与天津Ⅰ系大鼠G-带基本一致.染色体Ag—NORs定位于11,12,13以及X号染色体上,分布范围为1～7个,众数为6个.染色体C-带明显者为4～8,10～12,14～19,X号染色体,C-带不明显者为1～3,9,13,20,Y号染色体.     

云南小耳猪核型分析

本文采用外周血淋巴细胞短期培养方法,以及G—带、C—带技术,对云南小耳猪染色体进行了核型分析。其结果表明小耳猪二倍体细胞染色体数为20=38。雄性为18对常染色体和1对性染色体XY;雌性为18对常染色体和1对性染色体XX。根据染色体测量结果,将所有常染色体分为四组:A组,1—5对,为近中着丝点染色体;B组、6—7对、为近端着丝点染色体;C组,8—12对,为中着丝点染色体;D组,13—18对,为端着丝点染色体。性染色体X为中着丝点染色体,Y为最小的近中着丝点染色体。G—带分析表明,每一对同源染色体都有其特殊的染色体带型。C—带分析揭示,1号和13—18号染色体的着丝点区域皆为深染,而Y染色体的着丝点区和整个长臂深染尤为明显,其余各对染色体的C—带染色则随着不同细胞而有所不同。     

苏丹草与高粱染色体核型比较研究

采用去壁低渗火焰干燥法对4个苏丹草和6个高粱品种的核型进行比较研究。结果表明,苏丹草和高粱体细胞染色体数均为20(2n=20);苏丹草品种均为1A核型,并具有1对随体染色体,其中1、2号品种的第2对染色体为近中间着丝点染色体,3、4号品种为中间着丝点染色体;高粱品种除5号为1A核型、中间着丝点染色体外,其余的5个品种为2A或2B核型,且都有1或2对近中间着丝点染色体,9号品种还出现1对近顶端着丝点染色体;高粱8、9号品种各观察到1对随体染色体。染色体数量分析表明,第1到第10对染色体长短臂的绝对长度、相对长度以及绝对全长在苏丹草和高粱2类间的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。因此,苏丹草和高粱的遗传差异不在染色体长度上。     

枫泾猪G带、C带及银染核仁组织区(NOR)的研究

以丹麦长白猪为对照,应用G带、C带、银染技术探讨了中国地方品种枫泾猪染色体的待征。用常规Giemsa和胰酶G带连续染色方法,测量了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。绘制了枫泾猪中期G带带型模式图。枫泾猪Ag-NOR定位于第8、10号染色体短臂次缢痕区。丹麦长白猪Ag-NOR仅定位于第10号染色体短臂次缢痕区。枫泾猪、丹麦长白猪Ag-NOR颗粒数是有差别的。     

番鸭、家鸭及其属间杂种的染色体比较研究（摘要）

本研究用骨髓细胞染色体制片法，分析了番鸭、白羽蛋鸭及其杂种Ｆ１半番鸭的有丝分裂中期染色体核型。三种鸭的染色体数目２ｎ绝大多数为７８。番鸭的第１号染色体是亚中着丝点染色体（Ｓｍ），白羽蛋鸭是中部着丝点染色体（ｍ）；第２号均为中部着丝点染色体（ｍ）；性染色体为ｚｚ（♂）／ｚｗ（♀）型，番鸭的ｚ染色体为端着丝点染色体（ｔ），白羽蛋鸭为亚端着丝点染色体（ｓｔ）；其余染色体均为端着丝点染色体（ｔ）。番鸭和家鸭的第１号染色体和ｚ染色体的核型不同是造成Ｆ１不育的主要原因。     

温岭高峰牛的染色体研究

用C带、G带、RBA带、核仁组织者区银染色和常规+RBA带连续染色技术研究了我国南方的9头温岭高峰公牛、2头母牛和1头温岭(♀)利本赞(♂)的杂种公牛的染色体。温岭牛2n=60,公牛xy,母牛xx,x为一大的亚中着丝点杂色体,Y为小的近端着丝点染色体。杂种公牛的Y为小的亚中着丝点染色体。温岭牛的Ag—NORs除定位于2、3、4、11、28号染色体上之外,在21号染色体上也有银染颗粒,但出现频率很低。21号和28号染色体末端Ag—NOR出现频率分别为每细胞0.11个和1.79个。温岭牛中存在2/27罗伯逊易位。     

不同倍性燕麦的核型分析

试验采用根尖压片法分别对燕麦的3个种Avena nudibreri,A.hispanica和A.sativa的燕麦材料的染色体核型进行了分析。结果表明:Avena nudibreri的染色体数目为2n=14,其核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具2对近中部着丝点染色体和五对中部着丝点染色体,其中第5对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena hispanica的染色体数目为2n=28,核型公式为2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(2SAT),着丝点的位置有近中部着丝点和中部着丝点区,其中第10对染色体短臂末端带有随体,核型属2A型;Avena sativa的染色体数目为2n=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=26m+16sm(4SAT),具8对近中部着丝点染色体,第12对和第17对染色体短臂末端带有随体,其余为中部着丝点染色体,染色体组型属2B型。     

Primary genome scan to identify putative quantitative trait loci for feedlot growth rate, feed intake, and feed efficiency of beef cattle

Feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle are economically relevant traits. The study was conducted to identify QTL for feed intake and feed efficiency of beef cattle by using genotype information from 100 microsatellite markers and 355 SNP genotyped across 400 progeny of 20 Angus, Charolais, or Alberta Hybrid bulls. Traits analyzed include feedlot ADG, daily DMI, feed-to-gain ratio [F:G, which is the reciprocal of the efficiency of gain (G:F)], and residual feed intake (RFI). A mixed model with sire as random and QTL effects as fixed was used to generate an F-statistic profile across and within families for each trait along each chromosome, followed by empirical permutation tests to determine significance thresholds for QTL detection. Putative QTL for ADG (chromosome-wise P < 0.05) were detected across families on chromosomes 5 (130 cM), 6 (42 cM), 7 (84 cM), 11 (20 cM), 14 (74 cM), 16 (22 cM), 17 (9 cM), 18 (46 cM), 19 (53 cM), and 28 (23 cM). For DMI, putative QTL that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (93 cM), 3 (123 cM), 15 (31 cM), 17 (81 cM), 18 (49 cM), 20 (56 cM), and 26 (69 cM) in the across-family analyses. Putative across-family QTL influencing F:G that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 3 (62 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (27 cM), 11 (16 cM), 16 (30 cM), 17 (81 cM), 22 (72 cM), 24 (55 cM), and 28 (24 cM). Putative QTL influencing RFI that exceeded the chromosome-wise P < 0.05 threshold were detected on chromosomes 1 (90 cM), 5 (129 cM), 7 (22 cM), 8 (80 cM), 12 (89 cM), 16 (41 cM), 17 (19 cM), and 26 (48 cM) in the across-family analyses. In addition, a total of 4, 6, 1, and 8 chromosomes showed suggestive evidence (chromosome-wise, P < 0.10) for putative ADG, DMI, F:G, and RFI QTL, respectively. Most of the QTL detected across families were also detected within families, although the locations across families were not necessarily the locations within families, which is likely because of differences among families in marker informativeness for the different linkage groups. The locations and direction of some of the QTL effects reported in this study suggest potentially favorable pleiotropic effects for the underlying genes. Further studies will be required to confirm these QTL in other populations so that they can be fine-mapped for potential applications in marker-assisted selection and management of beef cattle.     

经营田鼠染色体核型与G带分析

采用骨髓法制备经营田鼠染色体标本片,并对其染色体核型和G带进行分析。结果表明,经营田鼠体细胞染色体数为2n=38,雄性染色体核型由18对常染色体和1对异配型性染色体XY组成,雌性为18对常染色体和1对同配型性染色体XX组成。1～9号为端着丝粒（t）染色体（包括Y染色体）,10号为近端着丝粒（st）染色体,11～18号为中央着丝粒（m）染色体（包括X色体）。19对染色体共分布有370条G带（雄性365条）,其中深带190条,浅带180条。因此,经营田鼠的染色体数目、G带具有明显种的特征,与其他鼠类不同。     

Comparative genomic hybridization in detection of DNA changes in canine lymphomas

In this study, chromosomal imbalances in tumor tissues (lymphomas) and nucleotide changes in tumor suppressor TP53 were studied in a Bernese Mountain dog bitch and a cross breed bitch. Using comparative genomic hybridization, numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumor growth: in the cross breed bitch, a deletion on the chromosome 9, and duplications on chromosomes 5, 8 and 17 have been found. In the Bernese Mountain Dog bitch, losses on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 27, 29 and gains on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37 and 38 were identified. With the sequencing of the TP53 gene, one silent mutation, transition A/G at position 138 in exon 5 was detected, without changing the amino acid.     

Identification of rRNA gene loci in the wild mouse (Mus musculus molossinus) captured at Hachioji, Tokyo

Mus musculus (M. m.) molossinus has been considered an independent subspecies of Mus musculus. To elucidate the evolutional origin of this subspecies, we carried out double-color FISH using 18s-28s ribosomal DNA and mouse chromosome paint probes. Among eleven rDNA loci detected, five loci on chromosomes 12, 15, 16, 18 and 19 were common to both Mus musculus (M. m.) musculus and M. m. molossinus and the other six loci, on chromosomes 1, 5, 10, 11, 13 and 17, were characteristic in M. m. molossinus. As M. m. molossinus is thought to originate from a hybrid between ancestral colonies of M. m. musculus and Mus musculus castaneus, we supposed that these six rDNA loci might have evolved after geographical isolation of the ancestral hybrid animals from M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus.     

Cytogenetic characterization of the Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line.

The permanent bovine cell line, Madin-Darby bovine kidney, was cytogenetically analyzed. Chromosomal staining indicated 52 metaphase chromosomes with variations from 49 to 54. The isochromosomes 5, 12, and 13, and centric fusions between chromosomes 1 and 26, 9 and 11, 9 and 24, 17 and 25, 18 and 23, 20 and 24, and 24 and 27 were considered marker chromosomes.     

新疆产捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）染色体的研究

采用常规骨髓细胞制片法,对分布在新疆哈巴河地区捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）种群的染色体组型进行了研究。结果表明,捷蜥蜴的二倍体染色体数为38条,性别决定机制为ZW型,存在异型的性染色体,其中,雄性性染色体为ZZ型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZZ;雌性性染色体为ZW型,染色体组型为2n=34I＋2m＋ZW。捷蜥蜴的染色体除第18对和w染色体呈点状外,其余全部为端着丝点染色体。按照染色体的相对长度将18对常染色体分成3组,第1组包括第1、2、3对染色体（相对长度〉7．5％）,第2组包括第4—17对染色体和性染色体（7．5％〉相对长度〉2．0％）,第3组只有第18对染色体（相对长度〈2．O％）。除Z和w性染色体不同外,其余染色体的大小和类型均无两性差异。从组型特征来看,为蜥蜴目较原始的类型。     

,黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的核型分析及其比较研究

对黑龙江野生燕麦和栽培燕麦的染色体组型观察分析，绘制核型模式图，并进行比较研究，结果表明：黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的六倍体染色体数目皆为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２。ＮＯ．１、ＮＯ．３、ＮＯ．６染色体黑龙江野生麦皆为“ｍ”型而栽培燕麦皆为“ｓｍ”型之外，蓁的１８对染色体尖型皆一一对应一致。黑龙江野生燕麦的核型公式为２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２＝２８ｍ（２ＳＴＡ０＋１４ｓｍ，栽培燕麦的核型分析中未发现有随体染色体。另外，黑     

Mapping of rRNA gene loci in the mice, Mus musculus molossinus (Japan) and Mus musculus musculus (Russia) by double color FISH

Ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) loci of Russian Mus musculus musculus and of Japanese Mus musuculus molossinus were mapped by double color FISH. The total number of rDNA loci was varied from 5 to 12, although the loci on chromosomes 12, 15, 16, 18, and 19 were common to all mice examined. Instead, polymorphisms of the rDNA loci were found on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 and 17. The novel rDNA loci of M. m. musculus were found in Nov/TUA strain on chromosomes 8 and 17. These observations, together with those of previous reports, suggest that the rDNA loci of Mus musculus species are in the evolutionary process of further translocation to other chromosomes.     

Use of molecular markers for the identification of River Buffalo chromosomes: chromosome one

A standard karyotype for the River Buffalo has recently been established. The largest five chromosomes are biarmed and, based on the banding homology between cattle and buffalo chromosomes, were suggested to originate from the fusion of cattle acrocentric chromosomes. The origin of buffalo chromosome 1 is controversial due to the difficulty in differentiating between the small acrocentric cattle chromosomes. Using molecular markers assigned to cattle chromosomes, synteny between CD18, a marker for BTA1, and markers for small acrocentric cattle chromosomes BTA 24 to BTA 29 was investigated in buffalo/hamster somatic cell hybrids. The investigation revealed that CD18 is syntenic with ANT1, a marker for cattle chromosome 27. The present results confirm that buffalo BBU1 results from fusion of cattle BTA 1 and BTA 27. They also underline the importance of biarmed buffalo chromosomes for the identification of small cattle acrocentrics.