基于改进随机Hough变换的棉桃识别技术

为准确识别自然环境中被遮挡的棉花,提出一种基于随机Hough变换的棉花识别方法。为了减小运算量,首先基于RGB彩色模型的（R-B色差通道进行图像分割,利用区域标记获取棉花最小外接矩形区域。然后在有效区域内采用边界跟踪方法获取轮廓信息,根据棉桃轮廓的数学模型进行随机Hough变换。仿真表明：当棉花轮廓信息丢失量小于1/2时,识别效果良好。而且由于轮廓提取和Hough变换均在有效区域进行,参数空间大大压缩,能满足采棉机器人对目标识别精度和速度的要求。     

基于传感控制的自动采棉机系统设计

为了实现棉花依据成熟度进行采摘，基于图像传感器设计图像处理方法，完成棉桃图像特征提取，进而实现棉花成熟度评估和空间棉桃定位。采用HSV方案进行图像灰度处理，采用二维大津法进行图像分割，提取棉桃特征参数。对成熟棉花和未成熟棉花图像样本分析发现，棉桃图像轮廓周长L和面积S比大于0.31时棉花成熟，从而建立棉花采摘标准，并采用双目图像系统，实现目标棉桃的图像坐标向空间坐标的转换。对图像分割精度，棉桃提取精度和视觉定位精度进行测试，结果表明：系统具有较高的可靠性。     

MT-1800型棉桃收获机设计

霜后的棉桃不仅可收获皮棉,还可作为畜牧业养殖饲料。新疆是我国植棉大区,由于劳动力不足,霜后棉桃大多放弃不收,造成资源上的浪费。本文针对新疆棉花生产特点,设计了MT-1800型棉花棉桃收获机,介绍了主要技术参数、总体和主要部件的设计及结构特点。试验表明,机具结构简单、使用方便,能满足棉桃收获的农艺要求。     

南疆地区霜后棉桃热风干燥试验及数学模型

针对南疆地区霜后棉桃、僵瓣棉的回收利用现状,采用热风干燥方式,对棉桃物料进行不同温度下的热风干燥试验。结果表明:棉桃的干燥过程主要为降速干燥过程,但在干燥的预热初期出现了瞬时加速干燥段,未出现明显的恒速干燥段,干燥速率随干燥温度的提升快速升高。利用试验数据,与7种多孔介质物料的干燥数学模型进行拟合发现,Page模型拟合精度最高,并且模型参数简单,适合于干燥生产的实际应用;通过对模型中待定常数的求解,得到了棉桃热风干燥的数学模型。通过验证,该模型能很好地预测棉桃热风干燥时风温为80~1 0 0℃条件下的棉桃水分变化规律。     

弹齿滚筒式棉桃采摘装置的设计研究

棉花是新疆的重要经济作物之一,但是由于天气原因,部分棉桃不能吐絮,丢弃则浪费巨大,人工收获则成本高。为此,在测定棉桃形态特征的基础上,设计了一种弹齿滚筒式棉桃采摘装置。重点介绍了该装置的总体结构、采摘原理,并对关键部件如滚筒、弹齿进行设计分析。该装置可以有效地采摘遗漏在棉株上的棉桃,不仅为农户增加额外的经济收益而且节约了人工成本。     

新疆棉区秋后废弃棉桃资源现状调查及利用潜力分析

对新疆南北疆棉区秋后废弃棉桃的利用情况进行了资源调查,显示废弃棉桃及棉秆当前主要用作燃料、还田作为有机肥、饲料以及作为食用菌培养基等。在分析调查数据的基础上,研究探索了废弃棉桃资源的最优利用模式,指出其不仅可以制作精细化学品,还是生物质燃油的很好原料,具有再利用的巨大潜力和市场。     

计算机视觉在香芋病害检测中的应用研究

针对传统的人工识别香芋病害的局限性、主观性的特点,基于计算机视觉技术设计了香芋病害识别系统,由病害图像采集装置、图像处理系统、形态特征提取系统和缺陷目标检测系统组成。通过提取香芋叶片的颜色特征和纹理特征,建立香芋病害数据库,并利用支持向量机(SVM)的方法对香芋病害识别。试验结果表明:基于计算机视觉的香芋病害检测系统能够准确识别香芋的病害类别,满足使用要求,能够为后续的香芋病害防治工作提供准确信息。     

基于物联网的农业气象监测的实现

借助物联网技术可得到及时准确的农业气象信息。建立一个基于物联网的农业气象无线监测系统,从而实现对农业气象信息的监测;同时通过对具有统一规划的RFID节点的识别,实现农业气象数据的共享。该监测系统为农业的可持续发展提供了强有力的科学保障。     

4ZT-8型摘棉桃机

棉花是新疆主要经济作物之一,近年来单产、总产都有很大提高。但由于新疆气候条件的影响,有些地区有些年份下霜较早,部分棉桃不能吐絮,影响棉花产量。即使在正常年份,为了加快秋灌、秋耕进度。为来年农业生产早作准备,部分棉田要提前清地、腾地,有不少棉桃和残留花需要收获。随着棉花收获机械化进程的加快,也将有不少棉桃和残留棉要收获。4ZTS型搞棉桃机是一种适应新疆棉花宽窄行高产栽培模式的棉桃收获机械。该项目是兵团农业局下达的课题,由石河子农机局、石河子大学、兵团农垦科学院、石河子农机咨询服务中心、石河子柴油机厂…     

MT-1型棉桃破壳机的研制与试验

介绍了一种棉桃破壳机,主要由挤压破壳装置、分离装置和输送装置等部分组成。它将未吐絮的棉桃机器采摘后进行破壳,然后将籽棉和棉壳分离,获得品质良好的籽棉。对研制的样机进行现场试验,结果表明:该机具生产效率高,可以达到11.5t/h,破壳率达到99.5%,籽棉和棉壳分离率达到98.6%,机具具有工作可靠、结构简单和使用方便等特点,能够满足棉桃破壳的工艺要求。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义,并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状,提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.