24种杀虫剂防治白刺古毒蛾药效试验

通过24种杀虫剂田间药效试验,筛选出10种对白刺古毒蛾(Orgyia antiqua)具有优良防效的杀虫剂,即类产碱SC、10%天罗地网EC、25%黑光灯EC、4.5%氯氰菊酯EC、草毒蛾SC、2.5%敌杀死EC、3%金永安EC、5%速杀星EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC和10%金大地WP,防效均在90%以上,其中类产碱SC、草毒蛾SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC具有低毒、高效、持效期长等特点,可作为古毒蛾防治首选杀虫剂使用。10%天罗地网EC、25%黑光灯EC、4.5%氯氰菊酯EC、2.5%敌杀死EC、3%金永安EC、5%速杀星EC、10%金大地WP具有防效快特点,可与类产碱SC、草毒蛾SC、1.8%阿维菌素EC在古毒蛾暴发年份交替使用或混合使用,以延缓抗性的产生。     

荔枝蝽发生期预测与化学防治方法研究

通过剖检荔枝蝽越冬雌虫卵巢发育等级,对该虫的产卵盛期进行预测。并测定了在产卵盛期前7天或产卵盛期当日施药防治荔枝蝽的田间防效,测定了7种药剂对荔枝蝽成虫和9种药剂对荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫的致死作用以及其中3种药剂对两种害虫的田间防效。结果表明,以荔枝蝽3级卵巢的发生情况,推算4级卵巢的发生时间,可准确预测雌虫的产卵盛期。在产卵盛期前7天或产卵盛期当日喷施522.5克/升氯氰?毒死蜱乳油或2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂,对荔枝蝽有较好的防治效果,药后3天的防效达71.3%~84.0%。但药后7~10天,防效明显下降。产卵盛期当日施药的防效略优,防效下降的幅度也较小。此外,噻虫嗪、啶虫脒和呋虫胺等3种药剂,对荔枝蝽和荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫均有明显的致死作用,且田间防治效果也较好。这3种药剂对枝蝽的防效为80.5%~87.0%,对荔枝蒂蛀虫为81.5%~88.9%。上述3种药剂,在荔枝果期施用,可有效减少荔枝蝽发生,并兼治荔枝蒂蛀虫。     

三种杀虫剂不同施药时期防治香蕉花蓟马的比较试验

为探索香蕉生产中防治花蓟马的最佳施药时期。测定吡虫啉、毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯,在香蕉花蕾现蕾期、苞片打开1-3梳期、苞片打开4-8梳期采用喷雾法施药。结果表明，供试三种药剂在香蕉现蕾期施药优于其它两个时期，其中，70%吡虫啉对果穗的平均防效为85.7%，显著高于毒死蜱和高效氯氟氰菊酯的防效，而在花蕾苞片打开后施药，3种药剂的防效都低于65.0%。同时，在现蕾期施药，3种药剂对果穗不同位置的防效也有差异，其中，第一梳的最高，最高为88.9%，尾梳最差，最低为63.9%，其中吡虫啉的持效性最好，对尾梳的防效为80.2%，显著优于高效氯氟氰菊酯。香蕉现蕾期是防治花蓟马的最佳时期，而吡虫啉是三个药剂中防效最好的。     

四种杀虫剂防治灰钝额斑螟药效示范试验

田间药剂防治示范试验结果表明,药剂示范区1.8%阿维菌素EC和25%得奇EC防治白刺灰钝额斑螟的效果良好,平均校正防效为97.16%和92.74%。草毒蛾SC和类产碱SC对白刺灰钝额斑螟的防治效果较差,平均校正防效为69.87%和49.11%。因此,1.8%阿维菌素EC、25%得奇EC可作为防治白刺灰钝额斑螟的有效药剂...     

贵州地区柑桔大实蝇的发生规律及化学药剂防治试验

野外调查结果表明，柑桔大实蝇在贵州地区一年发生一代，以蛹在土中越冬，越冬死亡率约40%结合蛋白诱剂诱捕器监测进一步发现，柑桔大实蝇初次发生时间为4月，高峰期为7-8，尾期为9月。化学药剂防治试验表明：7种化学药剂防效为67.59～94.20%。防治效果由高到低依次为2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油＞氰戊菊酯20%乳油＞0.1%阿维菌素乳油饵剂＞48%毒死蜱乳油＞40%辛硫磷乳油＞2.5%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂＞敌百虫90%原药。实际生产中，推荐使用2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油或氰戊菊酯20%乳油，若进一步节省成本可使用0.1%阿维菌素乳油饵剂。     

不同杀虫剂对井上蛀果斑螟卵的触杀作用

为了解不同杀虫剂对井上蛀果斑螟卵的触杀作用,采用浸渍法测定了辛硫磷、丙溴磷、乙酰甲胺磷、高效氯氟氢菊酯、杀虫双、除虫脲、噻嗪酮、阿维.哒螨灵、吡虫.三唑磷等9种药剂对井上蛀果斑螟卵的触杀效果。结果表明：2.5%高效氯氟氢菊酯EC 600倍液,对井上蛀果斑螟卵的触杀效果最高,校正死亡率达98.67％;40%辛硫磷EC 250和500倍液、30％乙酰甲胺磷EC 300倍液、37%噻嗪酮SC 250倍液、20％吡虫.三唑磷EC 150倍液处理,校正死亡率均在90%以上。此外,40%辛硫磷EC 1 000和1 500倍液、40%丙溴磷EC 2 000和2 500倍液、30％乙酰甲胺磷EC 600倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC 800倍液、25%杀虫双AS 100和150倍液、25%除虫脲2 500倍液、8％阿维.哒螨灵EC 1 500倍液和20％吡虫.三唑磷EC 150倍液的触杀效果均高于80％。综合试验结果考虑,防治井上蛀果斑螟,可使用40％辛硫磷EC 500~1000倍液、30％乙酰甲胺磷EC 300~600倍液、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯EC 600~800倍液、37% 噻嗪酮SC 250倍液和20％吡虫.三唑磷EC 100~150倍液对该虫的卵期进行防治。     

厦门草圃主要地下害虫的发生与防控药剂引入试验

以厦门灌口草圃为观测试验点,在调查草圃主要地下害虫发生情况的基础上,评判2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂对蛴螬（Scarabaeoidea sp.）、地老虎（Agrotinae sp.）等主要地下害虫的田间防治效果,提出防控药剂引入试验方法。结果表明,对厦门草圃构成严重威胁的主要地下害虫为蛴螬和地老虎;2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂对蛴螬、地老虎的田间防治效果尚可,无药害产生,可作为防控药剂予以引入;防控药剂引入试验方法可为亚热带地区草圃主要地下害虫防控药剂田间药效试验准则制定提供参考。     

13种杀菌剂对芒果炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定及田间防效

近年来芒果炭疽病在贵州芒果园发生普遍、危害极重，通过本研究掌握芒果胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz）对不同杀菌剂的毒力及田间防治效果，将为芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据。采用生长速率法测定13种杀菌剂对芒果胶孢炭疽菌的毒力，结果表明：13种杀菌剂中450g/L咪鲜胺EW对胶孢炭疽菌抑菌效果最好，EC50小于0.01mg/l，250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC、50%氟啶胺SC、50%多菌灵WP和12.5%氟环唑SC的EC50均小于1 mg/L，对胶孢炭疽菌具有较好抑菌效果。芒果幼果期进行田间防治，结果表明：450g/L咪鲜胺EW1500倍液、250克/升吡唑醚菌酯EC1250倍液、50%多菌灵WP1000倍液、12.5%氟环唑SC2000倍液、250g/L嘧菌酯SC1250倍液、50%氟啶胺SC1500倍液和70%甲基硫菌灵WP1000倍液等7种药剂可相对有效地控制芒果炭疽病的发生，防效为57.57%~65.57%。该研究将为贵州芒果炭疽病的防治提供理论依据及技术支撑。     

常用农药对湛江红江橙和广州九里香柑橘木虱种群的室内药效测定

柑橘木虱(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama)是柑橘黄龙病最重要的媒介昆虫,对其进行严格防控是阻延黄龙病传播的有效手段。本研究采用室内药效测定方法,测定了12种常用农药对广东重要柑橘品种红江橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Hongjiang)和广州园林植物九里香(Murraya paniculata (L.) )上的柑橘木虱成虫的防治效果,并与实验室饲养的敏感种群进行比较,为合理选择农药、有效防治柑橘木虱提供依据。结果显示,77.5%敌敌畏乳油对3个种群防效一致,处理24 h后死亡率都达100%。25%呋虫胺可湿性粉剂和20%甲氰菊酯乳油处理24 h后敏感种群死亡率也达100%,但2个野外种群死亡率略有下降。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂、350 g/L吡虫啉悬浮剂、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、5%啶虫脒乳油、45%毒死蜱乳油、12%高氯·毒死蜱乳油对敏感种群也有理想的防治效果,48 h或72 h死亡率达100%。但广州九里香种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯、吡虫啉、高氯·毒死蜱、噻虫嗪的敏感性显著下降,高效氯氟氰菊酯尤为严重,下降率达64-70%;湛江种群对啶虫脒、毒死蜱、高氯·毒死蜱、噻虫嗪的敏感性也显著下降,对高氯·毒死蜱敏感性下降最为显著,下降率达39%。97%矿物油乳剂处理24 h防效很低,但随时间推移不断提高,72 h达71-86%。5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、3.2%阿维菌素乳油对3个种群的效果都不理想。测定结果说明两个地区、两种寄主植物的柑橘木虱对多种农药的敏感性存在差异,建议各柑橘产区加强对本地区柑橘木虱的抗药性监测,充分考虑防治其他害虫对柑橘木虱抗性产生的影响,以保证农药的防治效果。     

枇杷拟盘多毛孢菌的室内及田间药剂筛选

【目的】筛选几种对重庆枇杷灰斑病致病菌有效的防治药剂。【方法】 选用11种杀菌剂采用生长速率法对致病病原菌进行抑菌活性测定并选取其中10种进行田间防效试验。【结果】室内药效试验表明，各药剂在不同浓度下对枇杷拟盘多毛孢菌的菌丝生长均有不同程度的抑制作用，且抑制率与浓度呈正相关。其中25%咪鲜胺EC抑制效果最好，EC50为0.0378mg/L。田间药效试验表明，25%咪鲜胺EC 833倍液防治效果最好，防效达83.08%。【结论】综合筛选出咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯及丙环唑效果较好可用于田间大面积防治重庆枇杷灰斑病。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.