植物生长调节剂DA与DB在阔叶树种育苗中的应用

用植物调节剂ＤＡ和ＤＢ处理水曲柳种子的最佳浓度为５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。种子处理后可提前出苗２０天，成苗率提高８％－１０％，苗木高生长、地茎生长、主根长度和根幅均有显著提高。     

黄连木嫩枝扦插育苗研究

为解决黄连木嫩枝扦插生根难的问题，１９９３～１９９５年进行了黄连木嫩枝扦插育苗试验。结果表明，５月下旬至７月上旬为嫩枝扦插适期。嫩枝插穗首先用清水浸泡２ｈ，然后再用ＮＡＡ、ＩＢＡ、ＡＢＴ等植物生长调节剂处理，窖棚内扦插生根率可达９２％以上，其中以ＩＢＡ２００×１０－６浸蘸插穗５ｓ，生根率可达９７％。     

龟背竹组织离体培养的技术研究

龟背竹组织离体培养中芽的诱导与增殖、壮苗以及快繁高生长等指标的最佳培养试验结果表明：基本培养基ＭＳ〉１／２ＭＳ〉Ｂ５〉Ｎ６；植物生长调节剂的应用ＢＡ〉ＫＴ，ＮＡＡ〉ＩＡＡ〉ＩＢＡ〉２．４－Ｄ；浓度范围以ＢＡ５￣７ｍｇ／Ｌ（单位下同），ＮＡＡ０．０５￣１．０为好。为了促进其高生长，添加ＧＡ３ ０．５￣０．９能明显提高龟背竹试管苗的生长速度。     

ABT生根粉在扦插育苗上的应用研究

为了摸索我国南方主要栽培植物应用ＡＢＴ生根粉扦插育苗的最佳方法，在全省１０３个县（市）主凤立了７７８处试验点，对９０多种结构进行了ＡＢＴ型号、浓度、处理时间以及配套技术的扦插育苗试验研究。结果表明：大多数植物硬枝扦插用ＡＢＴ１号５０－１００ｍｇ／Ｌ，处理１－２ｈ；嫩枝扦插用ＡＢＴ１号１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ处理１ｍｉｎ，效果最好，可提早１５－２０ｄ生根，平均提高苗木成活率２０％－４０％，苗高增加３５％，地     

ABT生根粉在车桑子造林中的应用技术

ＡＢＴ生根粉在车桑子造林中的应用技术峨山县林业局李顺荣ＡＢＴ生根粉是一种广谱性复合型植物生根促进剂。１９９４年６月２日，峨山县林业局营林站在小街镇龙马槽后山应用ＡＢＴ生根粉将车桑子浸种处理后造林，７天后观察已出苗，比常规造林提前２３天出苗。到８月１日...     

紫叶小檗嫩枝扦插繁殖试验

对紫叶小檗的嫩枝扦插繁殖方法进行了系统研究。结果表明，地小檗扦插繁殖的障碍之一为植物体内含有小檗碱。当用０．１％的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡插穗２４ｈ后，生根率可由１１．７％提高到５５．０％。植物生长激素ＮＡＡ和ＩＢＡ都能明显提高紫叶小檗嫩枝插穗成活率，而应用０．１％高锰酸钾处理插穗２４ｈ后再用生长激素处理，效果更佳。１００～１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ和ＩＢＡ处理者可使成活率达９５％以上，高于１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ的生长激素处理对嫩枝生根有不利影响。     

新型ABT在园林花木扦插试验中的应用

采用新型号ＡＢＴ生根粉五种型号（ＡＢＴ６＃－ＡＢＴ１０＃）的三种浓度与清水作对照进行了茶花与珊瑚树的扦插试验。试验采用四次重复的完全随机区级试验设计,以成活率及平均根数为调查因子。试验结果表明,新型号三种浓度对于２种植物的扦插成活率及平均根数与对照均存在显著差异。珊瑚树成活率平均提高１５．５％,平均根增加了７．５条;茶花提高２５．６％,平均根增加３．３条。     

BR－120在桉树和杉木育苗、造林上的应用

ＢＲ－１２０是一种新型的高效植物生长调节剂，在富民县对桉树的育苗、造林和南盘江林业局的杉木育苗、造林作了推广运用试验。结果得出：用１：５０００的ＢＲ－１２０溶液喷施桉树和杉木后，对桉树和杉木的苗木和幼树的生长都有不同的促进作用。与对照相比较，使桉树的高增长２９．０％，地径增长２９．１％；杉木高增长２０．７％，地径增长２６．０％。ＢＲ－１２０促进桉树幼树营养生长的作用比杉木大。     

植物生长调节剂对香石竹切花瓶插保鲜的影响

研究了瓶插处理方式下,不同生长调节剂ＩＡＡ、ＧＡ、６－ＢＡ和多效唑对香石竹切花瓶插保鲜效果的影响,观察并记录切花的瓶插品质及瓶插寿命。结果表明：几种植物生长调节剂中,以６－ＢＡ地石竹切花瓶插保鲜效果最好,不仅延长瓶寿命,还使其花朵增大,花色鲜艳。     

合果芋试管微繁殖技术的研究

对合果芋试管微繁殖技术研究结果表明：合果芋试管微繁殖需较高质量浓度的矿质营养。对试管芽苗增殖和生长最有效的植物生长调节剂为ＢＡ和ＮＡＡ〈增殖最佳配方为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＡ；ＮＡＡ为７．５：１；高生长最佳配方为ＭＳ＋ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ）．１ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＢＡ：ＮＡＡ为５．１；培养最知温度为２８℃左右，光照度１５００ｌｘ，每日光照１５ｈ；在１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍ     

Biotoxic impact of fungicides on plant growth promoting activities of phosphate-solubilizing <Emphasis Type="Italic">Klebsiella</Emphasis> sp. isolated from mustard (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica campestris</Emphasis>) rhizosphere

The aim of this study was to investigate the side-effects of fungicides on the physiological activities of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria with intrinsic phosphate-solubilizing potential. The fungicide-tolerant and phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain PS19 was isolated from the mustard rhizosphere and identified as Klebsiella sp. following 16S rDNA sequencing. The Klebsiella sp. strain PS19 normally, produced plant growth promoting (PGP) substances in substantial amount. In this study, four fungicides of different chemical families (tebuconazole, hexaconazole, metalaxyl, and kitazin) at the recommended, two and three times of the recommended rates decreased the PGP attributes of the strain PS19 in fungicide-concentration dependent manner. Moreover, fungicides at the recommended dose had slight inhibitory effect while the dose higher than the recommended ones reduced the PGP traits (phosphate solubilization, salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy benzoic acid, and indole-3-acetic acid production except exo-polysaccharides, hydrogen cyanate and ammonia production) significantly. Of the four fungicides, tebuconazole generally showed the maximum toxicity to the PGP activities of the strain PS19. The results of this study inferred that fungicides, which are used to control various fungal pests detrimental for the crop productivity, must be examined in vitro for their possible adverse impacts on plant-beneficial rhizobacteria before the field application. This study also revealed an additional aspect of the toxicological mechanisms of the fungicides through which they may suppress the plant growth.     

Testing the effect of routine fungicide application on ectomycorrhiza formation on Pinus halepensis seedlings in a nursery

The fungicides benomyl, captan, hymexazol, iprodione, propamocarb hydrochloride and thiram were applied in a combined schedule to Pinus halepensis seedlings grown under nursery conditions to study their effect on mycorrhiza formation and plant growth. The inoculated fungi Pisolithus tinctorius (strains 3SR and Mx) and Lactarius deliciosus formed mycorrhizas when fungicides were applied. However, fungicide application led to a significant decrease of mycorrhizal plants with Pisolithus tinctorius strain 3SR (from 62% without fungicides to 35% with fungicides). This effect could be attributed to a direct effect of fungicides on mycelial growth. The morphometric and nutritional parameters were very similar in plants treated with or without fungicides, and no differences on sanitary status of plants were noted. The use of preventive fungicide treatments in plant production, which may have a harmful effect on the environment, is therefore questioned.     

Susceptibility of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides

Susceptibility of immature individuals of the spider Theridion impressum to 17 pesticides (6 insecticides, 4 acaricides, 4 fungicides and 3 herbicides) was tested in the laboratory. The pesticides were applied at recommended rates in a Potter tower. Mortality was evaluated for 4 subsequent days. Broad-spectrum insecticides, cypermethrin+chlorpyrofos (Nurelle), α-cypermethrin (Vaztak), and deltamethrin (Decis), were toxic to spiders. Selective insecticides, pirimicarb (Pirimor), Bacillus thuringiensis (Novodor), and triazamate (Aztec), were harmless. All tested acaricides, pirimiphos-methyl (Actellic), flufenoxuron (Cascade), τ-fluvalinate+thiometon (Mavrik), and bifenthrin (Talstar) showed high toxicity. Of the fungicides, dithianon (Delan), benomyl (Fundazol), iprodione (Rovral), and dodine (Syllit), only dithianon was slightly harmful, while the remaining fungicides were harmful. All herbicides, metazachlor (Butisan), clomazone (Command), and clopyralid (Lontrel), were harmless to T. impressum. Three selective insecticides, 3 fungicides and 3 herbicides are recommended for use in plant protection.     

三种热雾剂防治橡胶六点始叶螨药效试验

对30%敌畏.哒热雾剂、杀螨卫土热雾剂及哒螨灵雾剂三种药剂防治橡胶六点始叶螨的药效试验表明:三种热雾剂药后第4d防效均>80%,处理间无明显差异;药后第8d哒螨灵热雾剂防效降至68.1%,而另外两种还保持在80%以上;药后第12d三种热雾剂的防效都降至80%以下。哒螨灵热雾剂的持效期在4～5d,其它两种可持续到7～8d。     

樟树溃疡病综合防治研究

樟树溃疡病菌为弱寄生茵，主要从植株伤口和衰弱组织侵入。在防治上应采取以营林技术措施为基础，以减少创伤，提高植株抗病力为主的综合防治措施；即(1)选用健壮无病苗木；(2)选择土壤肥沃、湿润、深厚、排水良好的中性或微酸性土壤的林地造林；(3)避免植株机械损伤和日光灼伤；(4)在子囊孢子释放初期喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液、40％多茵灵1000倍液、70％代森锰锌500倍液或等量式波尔多液等药剂保护；植株发病后和整枝伤口处，喷施70％甲基托布津1000倍液或40％多茵灵1000倍液等药剂。     

Prüfung der Wirkung von Pflanzenbehandlungsmitteln auf die NutzarthropodeCoelotes terrestris (Wider) (Araneida,Agelenidae) mit Hilfe eines Glasplattentests

The demand for a comprehensive protection of beneficial arthropods (parasites and predators) against pesticides has economical and ethical reasons. It is established in the plant protection law. An initial toxicity test on glassplates for the evaluation of side-effects pesticides have on the juveniles of the spider speciesCoelotes terrestris, living frequently in forest ecosystems, is presented. The test results with 22 pesticides are compared with those of an initial toxicity test made with the females of the hymenopteran speciesCoccygomimus turionellae. ForCoelotes terrestris five of the 10 investigated insecticides/acaricides are harmless after a time of three days on the treated glassplates, 3 are slightly harmful, 1 is moderately harmful and the last one is harmful. After a time of 6 days in the test cages only 4 of the 10 pesticides show a harmless action, 2 are slightly harmful, 1 is moderately harmful and 3 are harmful. All of the 5 fungicides, the 4 herbicides and 2 of the 3 growth regulators showed none or only a weak action. Only Prosevor 85 has to be named moderately harmful or harmful, depending on the time the juvenile spiders stayed in the test cages. For a normal test procedure with this spider species a test period of 6 days followed by a time of feeding control of 9 days is suggested. Five of the 10 insecticides/acaricides are harmless forCoccygomimus turionellae and the other 5 are harmful. Of the 5 fungicides four showed to be harmless and 1 moderately harmful. Three of the 4 examined herbicides are harmless too, whereas 1 acted moderately harmful. Two of the 3 growth regulators showed to be harmless, whereas the third one was harmful. The weight and size of the 2 test species in the investigated stadiums is nearly the same, so after a time of 6 or 8 days on the treated glassplates they show nearly the same reaction to the pesticides. The results and the significance of the tests with beneficial arthropods for the conventional and integrated plant protection are discussed.     

Zur Prüfung der Nebenwirkung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Nutzarthropoden an der lebenden Pflanze Die Prüfung mit Phygadeuon trichops Thomson (Ichneumonidae)

50 pesticides have been tested for side effects against the beneficial insectPhygadeuon trichops Thomson (Ichneumonidae) using a living plant method. In this connection on the one hand among the insecticides compounds could have been found, which are harmless to this insect and therefore suitable for employment in programs for integrated pest control, on the other hand compounds have been found among the herbicides and fungicides harming these beneficial insects. These results are compared with findings obtained bt the method using glass cages. For about the half of the comparable instances the tests in the glass cages turned out to be to hard, that means the compounds are acting more harmfull than during the test on living plants.     

Über den chemischen Pflanzenschutz und seine Perspektiven in der ČSSR

Chemical plant protection and its perspectives in SSR A number of 374 chemical preparations for plant protection are licenced in SSR. Yearly more than 5.5 millions ha of tilled land are treated with chemical pesticides. The parts of effective groups in the plant protection measures amount to: herbicides = 62%, fungicides = 16%, biological preparations = 12.7%, insecticides = 9.3%. Chemical control actions injure the structure of agrocoenoses, therefore integrated control measures must be introduced for the purpose of reducing the injuries as far as possible. Solely when the critical number of a pest species is overstepped chemical control should be applied. In SSR 8 species of animal pests are objects of prognosis; 23 animal species as well as a virus disease and 2 mycoses are objects of the warning service.     

Wirkungsbeeinflussung von Pestiziden durch Immissionen

Under circumstance, gas-, smoke- and dust-shape airpollutions cause an immission damage, if the use of plant protection has been remained undone in time. On the other hand, there are evaluated immissions again and they will destroy the regulary operations by herbicides, fungicides and for insecticides. Combination- and cumulation effects are rare known and new perceptions are shown again, because instant, permanence and intensity of phytotoxic immissions still determine the effect of active plant protection. This is the main problem for temporarily successfull application in environmental protection. The greatest contribution of avoidance or reduction of immission damage can be fulfilled almost exclusively by prevently or promptly introduced parasite control-measure. Whether subsequent plant-protection methods can reduce the volume and the intensity of an immission damage, remains limited by such events, where it acts of phytotoxic critical values or increased appearance parasites especially after chronicly but although after acute immissions.     

Zur Verwendbarkeit von Fungiziden als experimentaltechnische Hilfsmittel bei Untersuchungen an Borkenkäfern

The fungicides, Euparen and Orthocid 50, proved to be efficient in suppressing growth of saprophagous fungi on spruce phloem chips, which are used as a food ofPityogenes chalcographus adults in laboratory experiments.Beauveria bassiana infection of the beetles is also checked, when fungicides have been applied to the food.