云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状变异分析

以弥渡云南松种子园38个种内杂交组合的球果和种子为研究对象,测定球果和种子的单果重、千粒重和种翅宽等7个表型性状,采用方差分析、变异系数及相关分析等分析方法,探讨云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状的变异。结果表明:云南松球果和种子表型性状在杂交组合和杂交组合类别间均存在着较丰富的变异,且前者变异大于后者;在杂交组合变异中,球果表型性状变异大于种子表型性状变异,球果和种子的质量性状变异均大于二者的形态性状变异;在杂交组合类别间,千粒重在个别类别间差异显著,其他性状则在多数类别间差异显著。球果和种子大部分表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关,其中球果质量越大,球果形态、种子质量和种翅宽就越大;球果形态越大,种子质量就越大;随着种子质量的增大,种翅宽也变大。     

樟子松球果和种子大小与后代遗传品质的关系

樟子松母树林中不同母树或樟子松嫁接种子园中不同无性系,其球果和种子大小差别较大。大球果型的母树或无性系,38—55个球果重量达0.5公斤;中球果型的母树或无性系,55—77个球果重量达0.5公斤;小球     

油松种子园无性系球果与种子性状变异的初步研究

研究了３２个油松无性系的球果与种子的性状变异，初步了解到种子园各无性系的种子品质，分析了球果与种子之间的性状相关性，为油松优良无性系的选择和初级种子园留优去劣疏伐提供了参考。     

太岳林区油松球果出种量及种子品质的研究

将油松球果按大、中、小分为三个等次，对太岳林区六个林场18个球果样本出种情况及种子品质进行了研究。结果认为：本区油松球果平均单果出种量为1．44g，平均出种率为4．20％；种子平均千粒重为46．5g，平均发芽率为95．4％，平均发芽势为61．8％；球果单果出种量、种子千粒重、发芽势指标均与球果大小有关，随大、中、小规格依次降低；球果出种率、种子发芽率指标与球果大小无关，在大、中、小球果间无显著差异。     

侧柏冠型自然变异和种实性状的观测

以庭院栽植的侧柏为观测材料,对其冠型自然变异和种实性状进行观测与分析,结果表明:冠型自然变异可分为宽冠密果型、宽冠稀果型和窄冠稀果型,宽冠类型的冠幅为3.4 m,窄冠类型的冠幅为2.1 m;密果类型着生球果109～138枚·m-1,稀果类型为18～23枚·m-1.成熟球果颜色均为紫褐色,每枚球果有种子2～7粒,以4、5...     

樟子松种子园种子播种品质研究

通过对樟子松种子园种子播种品质的测定、统计、分析认为；对球果，种子进行优劣判别时，不能以大小而决定取舍；各无性系结实量的多少主要受单个球果重、球果数、出种率及千粒重等因子的制约、不同无性系间的千粒重、发芽率及发芽相差较大；在今后的留优去劣、淘汰不良无性系时，应根据对种子品质测定的结果，全面地，综合地加以衡量、考虑。     

日本落叶松自由授粉家系球果及种子性状变异研究

为研究日本落叶松球果和种子性状的变异情况,选择24个日本落叶松家系为研究对象,测定球果和种子的7个性状指标,结果表明,家系间平均球果长的变幅为1.98~3.77 cm,平均变异系数为8.73%;家系间平均球果宽的变幅为1.86~3.24 cm,平均变异系数为9.69%;家系间平均球果鳞片数的变幅为35.73~79.23个,平均变异系数为11.62%;家系间平均球果长径比的变幅为1.03~1.61,平均变异系数为9.01%;家系间平均种子长的变幅为0.33~0.44 cm,平均变异系数为16.13%;家系间平均种子宽的变幅为0.20~0.28 cm,平均变异系数为18.48%,;家系间平均种子长径比的变幅为1.51~1.84,平均变异系数为21.73%。方差分析结果表明,除种子长径比为显著差异外,所测定的日本落叶松球果长、球果宽、球果鳞片数、种子长和种子宽等指标在家系间均达到极显著水平。     

燃烧高温下松树球果鳞片对种子的保护

为了探讨在野火燃烧下松树球果鳞片对种子的保护作用,通过模拟野火的不同燃烧程度,设置不同燃烧处理水平:400℃+3 min、500℃+3 min、500℃+5 min、500℃+7 min、600℃+3 min、600℃+5 min、常温对照等。球果分为云南松大球果(PB表示)、云南松小球果(PS表示)、地盘松(PP表示)。结果显示:在燃烧时间3 min下,3种不同大小的球果内的种子,其萌发率、萌发势、萌发指数和萌发历时都随着燃烧温度的升高显著降低(P0.05),而萌发时滞则是随燃烧温度升高而升高;在600℃+3 min下,云南松大球果种子仍有萌发,而云南松小球果和地盘松球果种子已无萌发;种子的萌发率随着燃烧时间的增加而下降的更为剧烈,在5 min下完全无种子萌发;10 d幼苗的生长随着燃烧温度的升高先增高后降低,生长量大小顺序为:PBPSPP。研究结果表明,球果鳞片对其内种子有重要的保护作用,球果越大,球果鳞片厚度越厚,球果鳞片的降温保护效果越明显,保护能力越强。     

白皮松种子的采集

白皮松球果一般都是在9～10月成熟，这时候是白皮松苗木种子采集的最佳时间，一般球果出种率10％，种子千粒重150～160g ，种子粒数6000～7000粒／kg。那么比较良好的白皮松种子应该怎样采集呢？首先应选择一个优良的白皮松母树，采收完的白皮松的球果需要在通风良好的地方摊晒，这样也是为了等球果鳞开裂后用棍棒敲打，这样便于种子的采集。收集到种子后要及时去除杂物风干，保持种子的纯净。纯净的种子要放在通风良好、干燥、低温的地方进行储藏。一般采集到的种子尽量用于当年育苗，这样能提高种子的发芽率。一般陈种子育苗发芽率降低30％～60％，对于种子的育苗不是很有利。     

白皮松种子的采集

白皮松球果一般都是在9～10月成熟，这时候是白皮松苗木种子采集的最佳时间，一般球果出种率10％，种子千粒重150～160g，每公斤种子粒数6000~7000粒。那么比较良好的白皮松种子应该怎样采集呢？首先应选择一个优良的白皮松母树，采收完的白皮松的球果需要在通风良好的地方摊晒，这样也是为了等球果鳞开裂后用棍棒敲打，这样便于种子的采集。     

杉木种子园种子产量预测预报模型研究

林木种子是林业生产的物质基础,种子产量的预测预报是实现林木种子生产科学管理的重要基础性工作。随着预测超前性、简便实用性和精度要求的不断提高,多种预测方法便应运而生（方升佐,１９９０;陈幼生,１９９３）［１,２］。笔者结合杉木［Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａ...     

林木种子园生殖系统研究进展

本文对种子园生殖系统中亲本开花物候、配子产量、球果和种子败育、授粉机制、球花分布对种子园遗传效率的影响及其研究进展作了综述。论述了开花物候、球花产量与配子贡献以及种子园生殖系统遗传效率的关系。不同亲本开花物候及授粉机制的差异限制了亲本之间的基因交流 ,雌雄球花产量、球果败育及其雌雄球花空间分布的差异都会引起亲本配子贡献的变化 ,并最终影响种子园生殖系统的遗传效率。为提高种子园种子的遗传品质和遗传多样性 ,更系统深入地研究种子园生殖系统是必要的     

Natural Variation in Seed Characteristics of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.)

Natural variation in seed characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) trees and its relationship with the size, form, and crown class of parent trees was examined in second-growth, white pine mixedwood stands in Ontario. Cones were collected prior to and following partial harvesting of two stands during 2 years of above-average seed production. Fully enlarged seed extracted from mature cones was X-rayed to determine seed yield per cone, the percentage of sound, partially filled, and empty seed, and the sound seed mass for each tree. Variation in seed yield per cone, the proportion of sound, partially filled, and empty seed, and seed mass was much greater among individuals than between stands or seed years. The strength and significance of the relationship of seed mass with sound seed yield differed with stand and seed year. In uncut stands, seed mass was higher for trees with dominant crown class, larger live crown ratios, and smaller height to diameter ratios, suggesting tree vigour and microsite quality influence seed mass. Proportion of partially filled seeds was significantly reduced in both stands in the second year likely due to increased growing degree days during female gametophyte development. The implications of these results to natural and artificial regeneration of white pine are discussed.     

Effect of thinning intensity on tree growth and temporal variation of seed and cone production in a Pinus koraiensis plantation

Thinning of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) is used to facilitate timber and cone production. The present study in Northeast China investigated the effects of thinning intensity on individual tree growth, temporal variation in cone yield, and seed quality in Korean pine plantation. In 2005, five thinning intensity levels (none, extreme, heavy, moderate and light) were set in 15 permanent plots in a 32-year-old Korean pine plantation at Mengjiagang Forest Farm, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province. We recorded tree growth and seed cone production from 2013 to 2016, i.e., from 8 to 11 years after thinning. Except for height growth, thinning increased tree growth (diameter at breast height and crown size) and improved cone yield. The extreme thinning treatment (to 300 trees per hectare) resulted in the largest tree diameter, tree volume, crown size and 4-year cone production per tree. The highest cone yield per tree in the mast year (2014) was observed when stands were thinned to 500 trees per hectare (heavy thinning). Although the best cone and seed quality and the largest cone and seed mass per tree were recorded in the heavily thinned stand, no significant differences were found between heavy and moderate thinning stands (750 trees per hectare). At the stand level, the moderately thinned stand had the highest basal area, stock volume and seed cone production per stand. Our results suggest that thinning to 750 trees per hectare will improve timber and cone productivity in 40-year-old P. koraiensis stands.     

NEWCONE AND SEED PESTS COLLECTED IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA BARBARA FULGENS KUZNETSOV (LEPIDOPTERA:TORTRICIDAE) THE LUSTROUS SPRUCE CONE MOTH

Arecentsurveyofconeandseedinsectsoccuringinsomeconiferforests'ofHeilongiiangandInnerMongoliaprovinces.gaveustheopportunitytocol1ectseveralspeciespreviouslyunknownfromChina(Fangetal.,1988).ThispaperisthefirstofaseriesprovidinginfOrmationgathereduponthemorphologicalcharacteristics,biologicalcycleanddamagecorrespondingtothesespeciesinNortheasternChina.Thelustrousspruceconemoth,BarbarafulgensKuznetsov,wasprevious-lyrecordedfromthesingleFarEastSovietUnion(intheKhabarovskarea),yetclosetoHeilon…     

浙江12种杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性研究

杜鹃花属(ＲｈｏｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎＬ.)的系统学研究尚有许多值得探索的问题(余树勋,1986;闵天禄等,1990;Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓｏｎｅｔａｌ.,1973)。近年来,本课题组陆续对浙江杜鹃花属植物开展了分类学和形态学的研究(丁炳扬等,1987;1989;1990;1995)。本文就浙江12种野生杜鹃花属植物的果实形态、种子数及其相关性进行研究,为该属的系统学研究及引种驯化提供理论依据。1　材料与方法11　常绿杜鹃亚属(ＳｕｂｇｅｎＨｙｍｅｎａｎｔｈｅｓ)　　云锦杜鹃(Ｒ.ｆｏｒｔｕｎｅｉＬｉｎｄ1.)、猴头杜鹃(Ｒ.ｓｉｍｉａｒｕｍＨａｎｃｅ)、安徽杜鹃(Ｒ.…     

Variation in cone and seed characters in clonal seed orchards of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis>

Cone and seed characters were observed on top, middle and bottom portions of tree crown in 3 ramets/clone in three Turkish Pinus sylvestris seed orchards. Broad sense heritability (clonal repeatability), and correlations among characters were estimated. Around one quarter of the seed production occurred in the top portion, half in the middle and one quarter in the bottom portion of the crown for all orchards. The percentage of filled seeds varied little with the crown position, indicating more or less similar levels of selfing in the bottom of the crown as in the top. The seed weight was typically 11 mg. Differences were found for studied cone and seed characters among orchards and crown positions. Variation among grafts within clone was higher than among clones for most characters. The heritability was on average below 0.5 (e.g., cone diameter, number of filled seed per cone) and rarely rose above that (e.g., cone form, length/diameter; percentage of filled seed) for any individual characters. The coefficient of variation within clones was often higher than among clones. Thus, non-genetic factors seem often more important for the variation in performance of grafts than their genetic constitution. Cone form (length/diameter) was the character where the clone influence was the strongest. Cone number and cone dry weight showed significant correlations with seed characters (numbers of total and filled seed, percentage and weight of filled seeds). Significant correlation was found between seed characters.     

影响杉木种子园年结实量因子分析

对小坑林场杉木初级种子园历年结实量与气候、管理等14个因子进行逐步回归分析，结果表明，种子园种子年产量、球果年产量与3月中旬平均气温（x7）存在指数函数关系。其公式为：y种子＝e^0.6184757 0.2414992x7,y球果＝e^4.712797 0.1980816x。据此提出了相应的营林措施。     

马尾松无性系种子园球花量变化研究

对福建漳平五一国有林场马尾松种子园雌、雄球花量观察和分析。结果表明 ,种子园雌、雄球花产量变异主要来源于年份、无性系、无性系与年份互作等效应。它们二者在无性系间、无性系与年份互作间遗传相关关系不显著 ,而在无性系内分株间、年份间相关达到极显著和显著水平。并结合实践 ,提出建园材料再选择 ,以及对现有种子园采用选择性疏伐等提高种子园球花产量 ,克服雄球花显少有效技术措施