华北落叶松种子园幼龄母树雌花量的调查分析

为了研究种子园母枝结实与地理环境的关系,对种子园10~11 a生的母树的雌花量进行调查。结果表明:在结实初期,不同无性系母树雌花量差异显著;同一无性系不同母树在不同立地条件下的雌花量差异显著或极显著,由多到少排序为阳坡、沟堂、阴坡;但是在结实大年与结实小年之间比较无性系雌花量排序不尽一致。     

榆林毛乌素沙地樟子松种子园提高结实量措施

为探讨樟子松种子园内无性系间结实量差异,为优良无性系的再选择提供依据,于2006年和2007年选取65株标准木进行结实情况调查.结果表明,无性系之间的结实数量具有明显的不平衡性,少数无性系在种子生产中占据主导地位.针对毛乌素沙地降水少而蒸散强烈以及土壤瘠薄的具体情况,采取浇水、施肥等措施促进母树结实.浇水能明显提高母树的结实产量,但无性系之间的反应具有一定差异;施肥不仅可以促进母树营养生长,同时也能提高母树的结实量.     

不同密度的樟子松母树林结实情况调查

探讨樟子松母树林结实多少的原因,找出影响母树结实的主导因子,为合理经营利用母树林提供科学依据。现将连续两年(1986—1987年)对不同密度的母树林结实量调查结果报告如下。     

西藏色季拉山东坡急尖长苞冷杉林的结实特性

通过野外观察和样地调查,分析和比较藏东南色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林的结实状况、球果和种子的基本性状在不同海拔间及其与冷杉属其他树种的差异。结果表明:急尖长苞冷杉的结实属于有明显间隔周期的类型,天然林通常3年为1个结实丰年轮回期。不同海拔间结实母树的比例和数量差异较大,结实母树比例在25%～80%之间,平均为45%;结实母树数量128～483株·hm-2,平均为230株·hm-2;单株结实球果数量24～366个,平均为157个。林分及树冠空间结实特点为:林冠层树木结实,下层和林内母树不结实;单株树冠上层结实,下层不结实;树冠南面结实较多。与冷杉属其他树种相比,急尖长苞冷杉的球果长度略短,宽度居中;种子长度、宽度和厚度均小,单果种子数量较高。不同海拔间的比较表明,急尖长苞冷杉林垂直分布的中、低海拔球果和种子发育程度较高,反映在球果和种子较大,千粒质量、出种量以及饱满度均优于高海拔。     

促进油松种子园结实技术研究

去劣硫伐是提高种子园产量的主要措施之一，而无性质再选择能科学地确定疏伐对象。通过子代测定和对无性系结实量观测，采用综合指数法综合评定出优、中、劣无性系，从而确定疏伐对象、疏代强度、疏伐时间等。对已进入盛果期的种子园可对结实母树进行整形修剪，增加结实量。施肥能促进种子园母树生长和开发结实，提高种子产量。     

人工樟子松母树林经营管理技术

培育人工樟子松母树林,要精选母树,进行疏伐,加强修枝、截顶、病虫害防治等一系列管理,促进母树生长和提高结实量.     

滇西云南松母树林结实性能的研究

１０余年来在腾冲县古永林场对滇西地区云南松母树林的结实性能进行了试验研究。经观测和统计分析,结果表明：云南松优良林分经疏代营建的母树林能够促进林木的生长发育,提高母树的结实量和种子品质。１９９３－１９９５年试验林的平均单株结实量和单位面积结实量分别是对照的３．９倍和１．３５倍,１９９４年种子的发芽率和芽发势分别比对照高６．３７％和２０．２％;母树的结实性状较为稳定,个体间具一定程度的偏雌和偏雄现象     

长白落叶松初级种子园经营技术的研究

该咱子园的经营中，除实施常规性经营措施外，重点研究了最佳施肥方案、落叶松种蝇防治，预报预报晚箱、母树整形等技术，不使使结实量提高２６．５％，同时不促进了母树提早结实。     

樟子松母树林经营管理技术

建立樟子松母树林,首先要确定好的林班,精选母树。然后进行疏伐,抚育管理、修枝、截顶、病虫害防治等一系列管理技术措施,促进母树生长和提高结实量。     

清河城红松种子园高产结实无性系选择的研究

通过对清河城红松无性系种子园优树收集区内550个无性系2 196株母树连续4年进行结实情况及生长性状观测调查,结果表明:清河城红松林木种子园各无性系间结实量差异极显著;采取显现概率法选育出179、332、380、589、578、328等43个高产结实无性系,平均结实量增产114%。     

Effects of tallowtree seed coat on seed germination

We measured physiological parameters including water uptake, in-vitro embryo germination ratio, and seed coat structure observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explore the influence of seed coat on the germination of seeds of tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum (Linn) Roxb.). Tallow tree seeds had good water permeability. We found that germination of cabbage seeds was inhibited when cabbage seeds were soaked in extracted solutions from tallow tree seed coat. Seed coat structure at the side of the radicle appeared to be a barrier to seed germination. We tested methods to break tallow tree seed dormancy. Dormancy of tallow tree seeds was overcome by soaking the seeds in 500 mg·L-1 or 1000 mg·L-1 GA3, followed by 100 days of cold stratification.     

湿地松种子园种子高产技术

通过对无性系选择、栽植密度与经营密度管理、专用肥、抚育管理、辅助授粉、病虫害防治等方面的论述,阐明了湿地松种子园种子高产技术.     

A model integrating seed source adaptation and seed use

A conceptual model that considers theperformance (adaptability) of a seed source (=anorigin) and the location or range of its deployment isdeveloped employing the Cauchy function. The modelassumes that there exists an optimal site type foreach provenance origin (genetic material), and thatloss in performance is a function of the distance (ameasure of increasing maladaptation) from the optimalsite. The model requires the estimate of threeparameters: a site requirement value that measuressite type in one dimension; a measure of optimalperformance; and a flexibility measure of the width ofseed source adaptability. The Cauchy function has aknown integral, thus the average adaptability over arange (a possible seed use zone) can be mathematicallyevaluated. The model was also extended to seed orchardcrops representing progeny of parents of variableorigins. Scots pine information in Sweden was used todemonstrate possible applications of the model.     

金银忍冬种子浸提液对白菜种子萌发的影响

该文通过金银忍冬种子的不同提取液对白菜种子的发芽试验,探讨金银忍冬种子休眠及萌发率低的原因。     

Study on prediction model of seed crop ofLarix olgensis seed orchard

By taking three forecasting methods (sample trees, sample branches and climate factors prediction) the forecasting equation of seed were established through correlation analysis and regression analysis on seed crop of Qingshan and QinheLarix olgensis seed orchard. The research results showed that it gave more accurate prediction with less working load by taking pistillate numbers of four sample branches at middle layer of crown to predicate seed crop. And the short-term prediction equation of this method was established. The correlation analysis between seed crop and climate factors showed that the relative humidity May and June, annual evaporative amount, and accumulated temperature above 10°C, possess the highest effect on bud differentiation and seed crop, then the middle-term predication equation of climate factors was established.     

Vascular bundle connection between seed stalk and seed coat of Caragana arborescens

The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology, transmission route of photosynthetic products in the seed stalk of Caragana arborescens Lam. at various stages after flowering and evaluate the role of the seed stalk in seed maturation using scanning electron microscopy. We found that the mature seed stalk mainly consisted of vessels,sclerenchymatous cells and parenchymatous cells. Elongated cells formed a ring at the junction between the seed stalk and seed, and a large hollow was produced by two layers of sclerenchymatous cells in the interior seed, which functions to sustain seed growth. The opening in the center of the ring was closed during an early stage of seed development, and the opening enlarged as the seed matured.There were two routes for material transport, which started from the seed stalk: one from the seed coat to the embryo,and another directly entering the embryo. Vessels, which are abundant in the seed stalk, are the pathway for absorption of nutrients by the seeds. The vessels were densely packed in the seed stalk, and secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels was characterized by net thread thickening, while the secondary thickening of the cell wall of the vessels within the seed was characterized by screw thread thickening. The morphological characteristics of the vessels were adaptive to its functions.     

落叶松种子园雌雄花量和种子量调查与分析

对木兰林管局龙头山国家重点落叶松良种基地种子园的母树雌雄花量和种子数进行了调查分析。在此基础上,针对种子园的建园和种子园育种提出了建设性的建议和措施。     

Balancing seed yield and breeding value in clonal seed orchards

Seed orchards should produce seeds that are both abundant and of high genetic value. This study suggests methods to achieve such a compromise and study their efficiency. The methods were applied on data obtained from 41 seed orchard clones of Scots pine from mid-Sweden. The value of the seed orchard crop was set as a function of its breeding value, the amount of seeds produced and their gene diversity, measured as the effective number of clones. The proportion of ramets of different clones that maximized this value was regarded as the optimum for deployment of the clones in a seed orchard. The results were compared with truncation selection for breeding value, truncation selection for clone benefit (the product of seed production and breeding value) and linear deployment (where ramets are deployed linearly in relation to breeding value). The influence of two parameters was studied: the relative importance of breeding value for seed value and the size of the penalty for reducing the value of the seed crop with respect to lost gene diversity. The conventional wisdom is to select the clones with the highest breeding values, but that turned out to be the most inferior alternative studied. Clone benefit truncation provided a good approximation to optimal benefit for cases, where the effective number was low and dependence of breeding value limited.     

不同引发处理对了哥王种子萌发的影响

以了哥王种子为材料,通过比较不同浓度的GA3、PEG、NaCl、复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4预浸种处理后种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数等指标,研究不同引发剂对了哥王种子萌发的影响,结果表明：4种引发剂浸种处理均显著促进了哥王种子的萌发及幼苗生长,各指标提高效果均以GA3处理最好,PEG次之,再之为复合盐KNO3·KH2PO4, NaCl引发效果较差,并且随着引发剂浓度的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势。     

美国桂花种子低温层积过程中种子结构的变化

美国桂花种子属于深休眠类型,在自然条件下,需要经过2a才能萌发。研究了美国桂花种子低温层积过程中种子结构的变化。结果表明:在低温层积过程中随着层积时间的延长,美国桂花种子种壳中的种孔呈现不断变大、增多的趋势,这说明在自然条件下美国桂花种壳不会阻碍种子的吸水、透气,从而抑制种子的萌发;胚乳中内含物透射观察发现,随着层积时间的延长,细胞膜逐渐解体,到后期淀粉、脂粒大量出现。这表明,在低温层积过程中胚乳中营养物质不断分解,为种子萌发生长提供所需的物质和能量。