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3WG-400型拖拉机悬挂式高射程喷雾机能进行油剂、水剂、乳剂化学及生物农药的低容量和超低容量喷雾;可根据不同防治对象和喷雾类型,改变雾滴大小;具有喷雾射程高、雾滴大小均匀、操作方便、工作可靠、工效高、防效好、省水、省药等特点。 相似文献
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超低容量(又称超低量)喷雾技术是防治林业病虫害的一项新技术。使用东方红-18型喷雾机,进行地面超低容量喷雾防治松毛虫,具有工效高、省药、成本低、效果好、设备简便和易于推广等优点。当然,超低容量喷雾技术也有一定的局限性,因雾滴较小,易受风力、风向和上升气流的影响,造成雾滴雾化、远距离漂移和散失,在作业时受射程与地形的限制等。但是超低容量喷雾技术,将随着各国工业化程度和规模化农业的发展而发展,从而使这项喷雾技术呈现出更加广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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农药助剂对空中和地面防控林业有害生物的雾滴粒径影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】量化分析农药助剂对空中和地面防控林业有害生物的雾滴粒径影响,为农药助剂的生产应用、喷头的操作使用提供技术依据,为进一步研究新型农药助剂、设计新型喷头和喷雾设备提供理论支持。【方法】利用开路式风洞和激光粒度仪对农药助剂在空中和地面防治时不同风速、喷头类型、喷头孔径、喷施压力、喷雾介质等情况下的雾滴粒径、分布跨度进行研究,并根据美国S572. 1标准判断喷头雾谱等级,分析农药助剂配比、喷头结构参数、施药技术因素对雾滴粒径分布的影响。【结果】压力增大和喷头孔径减少,均会导致喷头的雾滴体积中径变小。相较于水作为喷雾介质,当以飘移抑制剂41A作为喷雾介质时,所有喷头的雾滴粒径变大,分布跨度增大,雾谱等级改变。当以表面活性剂LI700和润湿剂CHEMWET作为喷雾介质时,地面国产喷头的雾滴粒径稍变小,雾谱等级维持不变;对于空中CP系列扇形喷头,导流板设置的喷雾偏转角度增大,雾滴粒径减小,雾滴谱分布跨度变小,雾滴雾化均匀性更好。【结论】农药助剂与体积中径、分布跨度显著相关。进行空中施药时,为了降低雾滴飘移,需要添加合适的农药助剂(如飘移抑制剂41A)增大雾滴粒径,提高附着性;进行地面施药时,为了确保覆盖面积和冠层穿透性,需要添加合适的农药助剂(如表面活性剂LI700)降低雾滴粒径,增强沉积率。蜡质层较厚的树木叶片,其表面较难被药液润湿,对于此类靶标喷施农药时,应使用润湿剂CHEMWET,以增加药液在靶体表面的润湿性能和黏附性能。 相似文献
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本文叙述了解决超低容量喷雾装置两个技术关键问题的途径,即提高喷雾射程及利用离心作用和气流作用组合雾化的原理控制雾滴大小。 相似文献
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选用7种化学杀虫剂对长鞘卷叶甲成虫进行室内毒力测定,筛选出50%甲好清乳油、40%乐果乳油和90%杀虫单可溶性粉剂等3种杀虫剂的毒力较好,并应用于林间对成虫的防治试验。试验结果表明,分别使用甲好清和乐果的800~1300倍液以及杀虫单的800倍液进行喷雾防治效果较好,用乐果和杀虫单的100倍液进行根灌防治效果较好,用甲好清和乐果的10倍液进行注干防治效果较好,可适当应用于林间防治。 相似文献
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6种药剂对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果及其残留量的比较 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了筛选针对枸杞炭疽病的高效低残留农药,选用戊唑醇等6种药剂,就其药效及农药残留情况进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:施药后第7天,43%戊唑醇(SC)2 000倍液、40%氟硅唑(EC)6 000倍液、50%异菌脲(WP)1 000倍液、25%嘧菌酯(SC)1 000倍液、25%苯醚甲环唑(EC)1 000倍液和50%多菌灵(WP)500倍液对枸杞炭疽病的防治效果分别为97.00%、76.67%、69.33%、59.00%、56.00%和28.67%,施药后第10天的防治效果分别为92.50%、65.55%、47.41%、45.59%、45.44%和6.44%;戊唑醇的防治效果最好,氟硅唑次之。枸杞干果中戊唑醇的残留含量为2.60 mg·kg-1,低于最大残留限量;氟硅唑的残留含量为0.16 mg·kg~(-1),高于最大残留限量。6种试验药剂中只有戊唑醇符合高效低残留农药的筛选标准,可用于采果期枸杞炭疽病的防治。 相似文献
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5种生物农药喷雾防治竹镂舟蛾幼虫效果评价 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为揭示无公害防控竹镂舟蛾的关键技术,在福建政和县选择竹镂舟蛾为害的毛竹林设立试验研究区,选用1.5%苦参碱可溶液、3%高渗苯氧威乳油、25%阿维·灭幼脲悬浮剂、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油和1.8%阿维菌素乳油等5种生物农药,应用无人机喷雾技术,开展防治竹镂舟蛾幼虫用药的最佳使用剂量筛选试验,并检测竹林土壤和竹笋中的农药残留。结果显示:药后5 d,5种农药均有2个浓度水平对竹镂舟蛾幼虫的校正死亡率达86%以上;农药的最佳浓度水平(用纯净水以体积比稀释的倍数)是:1.5%苦参碱和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱均为1 500倍液,3%高渗苯氧威为2 500倍液,25%阿维·灭幼脲为1 000 倍液,1.8%阿维菌素为800倍液。在竹笋和土壤中均未检出所施的农药成分。研究结果表明,试验的5种农药对竹镂舟蛾幼虫致死作用强、防效好,且不会产生农药残留,竹林喷施这5种农药,可大幅降低竹镂舟蛾幼虫的虫口数量,达到无公害防控竹镂舟蛾成灾的目的。 相似文献
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We analyzed the inhibition rates of eight kinds of fungicides to the pathogen of verticillium wilt of smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria) by measuring mycelium growth. Results show that four fungicides (Weijunjing, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP (wettable powder),
carbendazim 50% WP and Junxianwei) have the best antifungal effects. Three fungicides, Weijunjing, carbendazim 50% WP and
Junxianwei, were selected to determine the control of verticillium wilt in potted smoke tree seedlings. We found that the
relative efficacy of Weijunjing was up to 74%. Based on the results, Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were prepared for field
trials. The results indicate that the relative efficacy of Weijunjing (300 times diluted) and carbendazim 50% WP (400 times
diluted) were 66.2% and 48.9% in plot 1 and 26.4% and 31.8% in plot 2 after soil disinfection, and were 224% and 61.8% in
plot 3 without soil disinfection in 2007. The relative efficacy of Weijunjing and carbendazim 50% WP were 49.6% and 45.4%
in plot 2 in 2008. 相似文献
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采用方差/均值比的t检验法、负二项式分布指数K、平均拥挤度m、聚块性指数m x、丛生指标I、Morisita指数及最近邻体法对菜阳河自然保护区山地雨林的优势乔木种群的分布格局进行了研究。结果表明,该群落重要值在2.0以上的12种乔木种群中,4种呈聚集分布,8种呈随机分布,没有均匀分布。多数种群呈随机分布的状况表明,该群落已接近于演替的顶极期。各种群为争取更多的环境资源而随机分布在群落中,少数种群呈聚集分布则是由于生境的异质性或其本身的生物生态学特性引起的。在不同发育阶段,岭罗麦、光序肉实树的分布格局由聚集分布向随机分布过渡,滇南红厚壳则在不同的年龄阶段均呈随机分布。优势种群在不同发育阶段分布格局的变化,显示出它们在群落中为争夺有利的生长环境而长期竞争的关系。 相似文献
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将1.2%阿维菌素微胶囊水悬浮剂稀释成不同浓度后,在山楂红蜘蛛Tetranychus viennensis Zacher发生处于上升期时进行喷雾防治,防治作物为苹果树。结果表明该药具有好的速效性和持效性。稀释4000倍,防后14d的防治效果95.6%,对果品质量无不良影响。 相似文献
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Different methodological approaches from the field of spatial statistics, the index of cluster size (ICS) and quadrat methods such as the two-term and three-term local quadrat variance (TTLQV and 3TLQV) and the new local variance (NLV) were tested to find a simple spatial measure to classify mixed coniferous uneven-aged, even-aged and conversion stands in the central Black Forest area of Germany. Altogether six stands were analysed with regularly distributed sample plots of 0.25 ha (50×50 m), each subdivided into 25 quadrats of 10×10 m. In each of the quadrats, diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees of the overstory (dbh>7 cm) was assessed and classified into three diameter classes. Height measurements were used to develop specific stand height curves for each stand and to calculate the standing volume per tree and per quadrat. The even-aged stands showed a regular distribution of the standing volume, while the conversion and uneven-aged stands were more clustered. This was detected using ICS, which proved to be a simple but very efficient measure for stand structure. The ICS also showed a highly random distribution of small and medium trees and a regular distribution of large trees of the overstory in the uneven-aged stand. Large and medium trees of one even-aged stand were also regularly distributed while conversion stands showed a regular, random or slightly clustered distribution of these trees. The more uneven the ages in the stands were, the larger were the phases detected by the NLV. The findings of the ICS were generally supported by the TTLQV and 3TLQV. The more uneven the ages in a stand were, the less clustered were the trees of different sizes of the understory. Clustering also decreased with increasing height of understory trees. The patterns detected in the investigated stands were related to the effect of different management regimes. Implications for the management of conversions stands based on the findings of the study are given. 相似文献