矿区废弃地生态恢复研究进展

就国内外矿区废弃地生态恢复的现状及主要技术问题，包括矿区废弃地基质改良，土壤侵蚀控制，树种选择等进行了讨论。     

矿区绿化树种的选择

矿产资源在综合开发利用过程中，所产生的废气、废水、废渣均是环境的污染源。认真选择适于矿区特殊环境的树种，对矿区绿化、美化、充分发挥其消除污染的功能，是改善矿区环境的一种有效办法。     

大红山矿区植被恢复措施

针对大红山矿区地形、地势及植被恢复地块类型、当地林产业发展的特点,按照矿区植被恢复与矿企业创建国家“环境友好型”现代化企业的发展思路,提出矿区植被恢复技术,主要包括树种选择、整地、客土、树种配置、树木种植等方面,并阐述各类技术要点。通过对大红山矿区进行植被恢复,矿区生态环境得到显著改善,植被恢复成效显著,矿区面貌焕然一新。     

矿区绿化树种的选择

矿产资源在综合开发利用过程中,所产生的废气、废水、废渣均是环境的污染源.认真选择适于矿区特殊环境的树种,对矿区绿化、美化,充分发挥其抗污染的功能,是改善矿区环境的一种有效办法.     

山西省矿区园林绿化树种筛选

山西省是我国重要的煤矿基地，多年开采给矿区带来严重的环境问题，如土地和地表植被遭到破坏、环境污染严重、水资源短缺等。园林绿化作为保护生态环境、改善生活环境的重要措施之一，可以有效改善矿区的生态环境。综合分析矿区环境特殊性，笔者认为绿化植物筛选应以乡土植物为主、外来植物为辅，选择抗逆性强、抗病虫害能力强、寿命长的植株，在不同功能区（办公和生活区、生产区和矸石山）选用不同的树种进行园林绿化。     

矿区植被生态恢复的技术模式探讨

基于矿区生态问题突出的现状,应用生物学和生态学原理,以植被恢复为技术主线,针对矿区不同的生态破坏类型、立地条件类型和环境条件,探析了矿区树种选择、造林技术、抚育管理、封育技术等方面植被恢复的适用条件、施工工艺、技术要求和目标方向,归纳总结了矿区造林技术和封育技术的多种模式,为矿区植被生态恢复和全省全面实施“811”生态...     

矿山企业绿化中树种的选择

近几年矿山企业迅速发展，对环境造成不同程度的污染和破坏。矿山企业绿化成为人们关注的重点。搞好矿山企业绿化工作，树种选择是关键。本着因地制宜、适地适树原则，对矿山采矿区、闭矿区开采创面、尾矿库等不同地段进行不同的规划设计，合理选择和配置树种，可以收到很好的绿化效果。     

榆林沙地矿区植被恢复造林模式推广示范

以榆阳区小纪汗沙地矿区为例,选择樟子松、班克松、彰武松为主栽树种,通过多树种混交格状防风固沙林、块状混交防风固沙林、带状混交防风固沙林和常规造林不同造林模式的推广示范,达到改造沙地原有植被、增加防护植被类型、改变林分结构、探讨沙地矿区植被恢复造林模式的目的。提出多树种混交格状防风固沙林为最优模式,株行距5m×25m,建议推广应用。     

林区砂金废弃矿区生态复原技术研究

本文采用沙棘树种，对砂金矿废弃矿区大面积种植培育。通过实践证明，采金破坏了不毛林地，经种植沙棘这一先锋树种，可在３～５年内郁闭成林，达到保土防冲，逐渐恢复森林原本生态环境之目的。     

废弃矿区生态修复植物种的筛选

用隶属函数法对大田贵竹林废弃矿区引入的10种植物的生长和生理指标进行分析。结果显示：废弃矿区植物叶片的叶绿素含量及其光合特性在种间亦存在极显著差异（P〈0.01）,表明不同植物对废弃矿区的适应是存在差异的。利用隶属函数法分析表明,邓恩桉、香樟和泡桐是废弃矿区最适宜栽植的树种,可作为废弃矿区恢复的先锋树种予以大力推广。     

超临界CO2萃取沙棘油工艺研究

山西省具有丰富的沙棘资源,沙棘油又是一种高附加值的产品,为了充分利用自然资源,造福于民,该文就超临界CO2萃取沙棘油工艺进行了研究,通过试验找出了超临界CO2萃取沙棘油的最佳中试工艺条件。     

我省西部半干旱地区沙棘园的建立及效益评价

在甘南县兴七村和富拉尔基区省林研所建立两处良种沙棘园 ,并对其间种效益和经济效益进行评价 ,阐明在我省半干旱地区建立良种沙棘园的社会影响和生态作用。     

CO2超临界萃取沙棘油酸价测定

通过对CO2超临界萃取沙棘油酸价的测定，发现不同分离条件所得的沙棘油酸价差别较大；相同分离条件所得的沙棘油，由于样品取样后放置时间不同，所测的酸价大不相同，从中发现了CO2超临界萃取沙棘油酸价变化规律及CO2对沙棘油酸价测定的影响规律。     

Browsing of sallow (Salix caprea L.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) in the context of life history strategies: a literature review

Sallow (Salix caprea L.) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) constitute small proportions of the deciduous tree volume in Scandinavia, but are highly preferred winter forage for moose and red deer, which occur at historically high densities. Thus, a possible decline of these tree species has been indicated. Against this background, we have reviewed the life histories of relevance for browsing, as well as the basic biology and genetics of sallow and rowan. The species show similarities with respect to short lifespan, small size and sympodial growth pattern, which are risk factors in a browsing context. They also have high juvenile growth rate, important for growing quickly out of reach of browsers. Sallow depends strongly on disturbance for establishment and is more demanding with respect to soil and light conditions than rowan, possibly important for the substantially lower abundance of sallow on the Norwegian Forest Inventory plots. Similarly, the relative recruitment of small size classes of sallow is less than for rowan. Although recruitment is reported to be hampered in wintering areas with high moose or red deer densities, the inventory data, however, dating only back to 1994, do not suggest a general decrease in any of the species. Sallow and rowan saplings show low mortality in moose and deer dominated areas and the species can be characterised as rather resilient to browsing. Of more concern is that browsing can constrain the development of mature rowan and sallow trees locally, with possible consequences for associated epiphytic biodiversity.     

植物针刺的生态分析

运用生态系统中食物链原理分析了植物针刺的功能,以及人们对植物针刺的利用。认为植物针刺只有在完善的食物链中才能有效发挥自我保护作用,提出在功能上,植物针刺分为两大类,一为削弱食草动物的取食枝叶的能力,二是阻削弱动物通过能力。同时分析指出,最早人们利用杜梨带刺枝叉堵塞院墙出入口,最终发展为门。     

刺嫩芽有性繁殖试验初报

刺嫩芽是近几年来市场上倍受人们青睐的1种森林蔬菜。在刺嫩芽野转家栽培过程中,由于种子自然萌发能力较弱,苗木供应不足,阻碍了其野转家栽培的进程。湖北省林业科学研究院鹤峰森林药材研究所经过2 a时间的研究,其结果表明:经过用醋处理了的刺嫩芽种子出苗量最多,为35株/m2,而未处理的仅为5株/m2。这一研究成果保证了刺嫩芽野转家栽培的苗木来源。     

枣缩果病病原越冬场所的研究

通过田间采集枣树的树皮、树枝、枣股、枣刺、枣吊、落叶、落枣等越冬组织,在室内分离、镜检,确定了枣缩果病病原菌的越冬场所,细交链孢菌主要越冬场所为枣树冬季落叶、枣刺、枣吊和落枣,聚生小穴壳菌的主要越冬场所为一次枝树皮、二次枝树皮、主干树皮和枣股。     

A comparative analysis of spatial, temporal, and ecological characteristics of forest fires in seasonally dry tropical ecosystems in the Western Ghats, India

The Western Ghats in India is one of the 25 global hotspots of biodiversity, and it is the hotspot with the highest human density. This study considers variations in the regional fire regime that are related to vegetation type and past human disturbances in a landscape. Using a combination of remote sensing data and GIS techniques, burnt areas were delineated in three different vegetation types and various metrics of fire size were estimated. Belt transects were enumerated to assess the vegetation characteristics and fire effects in the landscape. Temporal trends suggest increasingly short fire-return intervals in the landscape. In the tropical dry deciduous forest, the mean fire-return interval is 6 years, in the tropical dry thorn forest mean fire-return interval is 10 years, and in the tropical moist deciduous forest mean fire-return interval is 20 years. Tropical dry deciduous forests burned more frequently and had the largest number of fires in any given year as well as the single largest fire (9900 ha). Seventy percent, 56%, and 30% of the tropical moist deciduous forests, tropical dry thorn forests, and tropical dry deciduous forests, respectively have not burned during the 7-year period of study. The model of fire-return interval as a function of distance from park boundary explained 63% of the spatial variation of fire-return interval in the landscape. Forest fires had significant impacts on species diversity and regeneration in the tropical dry deciduous forests. Species diversity declined by 50% and 60% in the moderate and high frequency classes, respectively compared to the low fire frequency class. Sapling density declined by ca. 30% in both moderate and high frequency classes compared to low frequency class. In tropical moist deciduous ecosystems, there were substantial declines in species diversity, tree density, seedling and sapling densities in burned forests compared to the unburned forests. In contrast forest fires in tropical dry thorn forests had a marginal positive effect on ecosystem diversity, structure, and regeneration.     

竹叶花椒‘云林1号’‘云林2号’无性系选育与栽培研究

为选育具有早实、丰产、品质优良、抗逆性强且刺少的适合在昆明市、昭通市及气候相似地区种植的竹叶花椒优良无性系,采用优株标准制定→群众报优→初选、复选→决选→无性繁殖与子代测定→品比试验→优良无性系的选育技术路线开展竹叶花椒优良无性系选育。选育出的‘云林1号’和‘云林2号’竹叶花椒,其主要优良性状明显,具特异性;经无性繁殖后,后代各性状具有一致性和稳定性。2个无性系嫁接繁殖后性状稳定一致,表现出生长快、早实、少刺、抗性强,果实颗粒饱满、果皮厚、密生疣状凸起的油点,色泽翠绿鲜亮,芳香浓烈,麻味纯正、持久等优良特性,品质符合国家林业行业标准规定的特级花椒要求。     

Characterization,pathogenicity and host range studies of Paecilomyces formosus associated with dieback of Christ's thorn trees (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) in Iran

Christ's thorn (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) tree is an important and valuable forestry species and has significant potential in afforestation and reforestation systems. In recent years, dieback symptoms were observed on Paliurus spina-christi trees in Gilan-e Gharb region of Kermanshah province, west Iran. During 2020 to 2021, Christ's thorn trees that exhibit branch dieback symptoms were sampled for fungal isolations. The pathogenicity tests, biochemical assay of growth, acid production on creatine sucrose agar (CREA) medium and morphological and molecular investigations (ITS and β-tubulin regions) identified Paecilomyces formosus as a dieback causal agent. This is the first report of P. formosus pathogenicity on Paliurus spina-christi trees. Furthermore, disease severity was assayed on 11 tree species under three different temperatures 15, 25 and 35°C. Disease severity caused by all isolates on detached branches was greater at 35°C than at 15 and 25°C. This study presents the host range of this pathogen and showed that these potential hosts are prone to this pathogen under high temperatures, which forest trees experienced in recent decades.