禹城观光生态渔业模式

禹城市是一个位于鲁西北地区的县级市，属山东省德州市辖区。土地总面积９９０平方公里，人口４９．３万，耕地８０．３万亩，而不能用于农业生产的荒碱涝洼地就达１０余万亩，占可耕地的１２．５％。经过几年的艰苦创业，１０余万亩废弃荒碱洼地已基本得到开发利用，共形成养殖水面４万余亩，可利用台面５万余亩，形成了集特色渔业、高效农业、绿色蔬菜、名优畜牧养殖、优质果品、花卉观赏、林木绿化、旅游观光为一体的生态观光农、牧、渔业区。一、规划高起点，开发高标准禹城市的禹西生态园开发建设之初，市委、市政府在充分调查、科学论…     

德州渔业蓬勃发展的五点启示

山东省德州市水域总面积1939万亩，其中河道面积到．2万亩，排灌沟渠91．3万亩，坑塘面积34．7万亩，碱荒洼地16．7万亩，分别占水域总面积的26．4％、47．1％、17．9％、8．6％。近几年来，德州市委席政府为开发这些闲散洼地，使这一资源优势变为产业优势，加大了开发领导力度，市、县、乡层层建立了渔技服务机构。全市乡级渔业开发推广站达到137个。各县市区在全国20多个大中城市建立了60多处产供销。科技、信息服务网络，有力地推动了全市水产业的快速发展。水产养殖由1990年的7．02万亩扩大到1999年的19．95万亩，水产品总产量由l．19万…     

洼地养虾 亩利超3500元

洼地养虾亩利超３５００元我场１４分场有一块洼地７０亩，以前一直荒废无法利用。１９９４年初，在向名特优水产品发展的驱动下，大胆地把这块洼地改造成养殖罗氏沼虾的４只计５０亩虾池。６月１５日放幼虾９０万尾，经过１３０天养殖，共投颗粒饲料１１５５０公斤，螺蛳...     

突出特色抓重点 做大做强水产业

禹城市地处鲁两北黄河冲积平原,总面积990 km2, 总人口49．5万人。境内河道纵横,坑塘繁多,河水面积 2 000多公顷(3万余亩),宜渔面积5 333 hm2(8万亩), 荒碱洼地资源、水利资源和渔业资源比较丰富,水质良好,为水产业的可持续发展提供了得天独厚的条件。近几年特别县去年以来,禹城市将水产业作为农村经济发     

虎林县培训乡镇渔技员收效显著

虎林县在抓渔业生产上注重培养专业技术人员,开发利用水资源,收到明显效果。目前,全县用以发展养鱼生产的水面达1.23万亩,占可利用水面的90％以上,其中,有不少是利用废弃荒洼地建池养鱼的。这个县的水利     

黄河滩区荒洼地硬化池格式植藕高产技术

菏泽地区位于山东省的西南部，处于新旧黄河的三角地带，有大量的荒洼地，为充分利用这部分资源，近年来我们把开发荒洼地发展莲藕生产作为振兴农村经济新的突破口，取得了显著成效。1999年全区植藕面积达到1.3万多公顷，实现产值4亿多元。在种植方式上不仅有一般的坑藕、池藕，也有地膜铺底植藕、硬化池格式植藕等。其中，硬化池格式植藕是产量最高、效益最好的一种，它一般每667米2产量3000～4500千克，是坑藕产量的几倍。1997年单县村民赵保林，0.33公顷亩硬化池首次突破单产5000千克/667米2，1999年定陶县宝宁乡农民李学民，0.53公顷硬…     

硬化池格式植藕高产技术

菏泽地区位于山东省的西南部，处于新旧黄河的三角地带，有大量的荒洼地，为充分利用这部分资源，近年来我们把开发荒洼、发展莲藕生产作为振兴农村经济的新的突破口，取得了显著成效。１９９９年全区植藕面积达到２０多万亩，实现产值４亿多元。在种植方式上不仅有一般的坑藕、池藕，也有地膜铺底植藕、硬化池格式植藕等。其中，硬化池格式植藕是产量最高、效益最好的 １种，一般亩产量３ ０００～５ ０００ ｋｇ，是坑藕产量的几倍。１９９７年单县村民赵保林，５亩硬化池首次突破亩产 ５ ０００ ｋｇ，１９９９年定陶县宝宁乡农民李学民…     

河蟹综合养殖效益好

为了加快鸡东县渔业结构调整步伐，发展名特优养殖，积极探索北方地区池塘养蟹综合养殖技术，鸡东县水产总站在深入调查了解市场行情、供求信息的基础上，2005年经过多方努力，大胆尝试大面积池塘养蟹的试验，取得了非常理想的效果，共创产值42．14万元，扣除成本17．57万元，盈利24．57万元，亩盈利1228．5元，其中河蟹亩盈利824．5元，鱼类亩盈利407元，池塘养蟹投入产出比为1．24，不但提高了经济效益，也提高了社会效益和生态效益。     

黄河滩区取土坑网箱养殖试验

<正>东明县是黄河入鲁第一县,境内沿黄线长63公里。由于修建黄河大堤和大堤复堤工程,使黄河大堤沿线形成涝洼地面积4万余亩,其中大型取土坑面积近2万亩,这些取土坑连片,少则数十亩,多则数百亩,甚至上千亩。取土坑常年水深保持4米以上,多数十余米深。随着近年来我县渔业的发展,沿黄线部分荒洼地逐渐得到开发利用,但对大水面深水资源的利用仍是空白。     

王滩农场海淡水鱼混养技术简结

<正> 国营乐亭县王滩农场,在发展多种经营中,充分利用海滩荒洼地,开展海淡水鱼混养生产,一九八一年在最小水面9.6亩,一般水面324亩,最大水面1500亩的一片咸淡水洼淀里,生产各种海淡水鱼17,000多斤,其中:海水鱼6,881斤(梭鱼1111斤,鲈鱼5770斤),淡水鱼10,119斤(草鱼1830斤,鲢鳙鱼3,552斤,鲫鲤鱼4,737斤)。同时增收苇子70,000多斤,总收入17.326.25元,总开支13385.68元,纯收入3975.78元,他们在实践中积累了利用咸淡水洼淀混养海淡水鱼的经验,为发展沿海的鱼类养殖生产开创了新的门路。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Rare serotype occurrence and PFGE genotypic diversity of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from tilapia in China

Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.     

Evaluation of a Fast Method Based on the Presence of Two Restriction Sites in the Mitochondrial ND5 (mt ND5) Gene for the Identification of Scomber Species

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Purification and partial characterization of GtHs (cfLH and cfFSH) from Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) (L.) and development of a homologous ELISA for cfLH

Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL^?1 (1.25 ng well^?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.     

Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection

Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg^?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).     

The optimal dietary protein level of juvenile silver sillago Sillago sihama at three dietary lipid levels

A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg.     

Vitamin D3 and the renal handling of phosphate in American eels

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D₃) increased plasma inorganic phosphate concentration in American eels,Anguilla rostrata, in a dose-dependent fashion. This response was more marked in phosphate loaded fish. In control as well as phosphate loaded eels the hyperphosphatemic response to D₃ was associated with a sharp reduction in renal phosphate clearance relative to¹⁴C-polyethelene glycol (PEG) clearance. Glomerular filtration and urine flow rates were not affected by D₃. As renal phosphate clearance, even in phosphate loaded eels, never significantly exceeded that of PEG, it is suggested that D₃ reduced the relative clearance rate of phosphate by increasing renal phosphate reabsorption rather than by reducing the tubular secretion of phosphate.