液相色谱串联质谱法测定深海鱼油中降血脂药物的研究

本文建立了液相色谱串联质谱法测定深海鱼油中烟酸、洛伐他汀及辛伐他汀3种降血脂药物的方法,优化了样品前处理方法及液相色谱串联质谱测定条件。采用甲醇为提取溶剂,超声处理,液相色谱串联质谱检测。结果表明:本方法测定烟酸、洛伐他汀和辛伐他汀的线性范围均为0.05～5.0mg/L,检出限均为1.0mg/kg,加标回收率分别为88.3%～96.9%、86.6～96.3%和84.0%～93.1%。     

流动注射在线蒸馏法测定白酒中氰化物

建立测定白酒中氰化物流动注射在线蒸馏方法。采用全自动流动注射分析仪,对白酒中的氰化物进行测定,在最佳条件下,方法在5.0～500μg/L的浓度范围内具有良好线性(r=0.9998),方法的检出限为5μg/L,精密度试验相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.55%～0.89%,平均回收率为94.8%～102.5%,与国标方法中异烟酸-吡唑啉酮分光光度法比较,无明显差异。     

微波消解-原子荧光法同时检测食用油中的砷、汞

采用微波消解对食用油进行前处理,用氢化物原子荧光法对食用油中砷和汞同时进行测定。通过试验确定了最佳消解条件、仪器工作条件,载液的介质、酸度,还原剂浓度,预还原剂的浓度以及用量用法,在试验方法下砷的回收率为97.2%～104.3%,汞的回收率为93.5%～98.7%。砷在0～10μg/L,相关系数r=0.9999,相对标准偏差为2.48%。汞在0～1μg/L,r=0.9996,相对标准偏差为3.34%。该方法操作简单,快速,灵敏度高,结果准确,可同时测定食用油中的砷和汞。     

微波消解—电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定酵母粉中的微量钼

酵母中含有人体不可缺少的微量元素钼。采用微波消解—ICP-MS法对酵母粉中的微量钼进行分析测定,测得该方法检出限为0.010μg/g、加标回收率为94.2%～101.6%、变异系数(RSD,n=6)为2.21%,测定结果满足分析要求,为酵母粉中微量钼的分析检测提供了快速、准确的方法。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定土壤中多种元素

为优化ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中多种元素的测定条件,采用在线加入内标的方法,探讨同时测定元素Li、Be、Sc、Ge﹑Mo、Sb、W、Tl、Bi、Th、U的参数条件,并对优化后的条件进行质量水平评价。试验结果表明：元素检出限为0.003～0.450μg/L;Δlgc〈0.04;RSD%〈10（n=12）;加标回收率在98%～108%之间。     

干法灰化与微波消解法测定枸杞中铬

采用干法灰化与微波消解进行比较测定枸杞中铬,试验表明:干法灰化的精密度2.6%、回收率试验为104%～108%,,而微波消解的精密度为5.5%、回收率试验为116%～124%。两种消解方法对铬的消解具有很强的可比性。干法灰化法具有试剂用量小、本底值低、对环境污染少等优点。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化——气相色谱质谱测定油茶籽油中15种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了凝胶渗透色谱净化-气相色谱质谱同时测定油茶籽油中15中邻苯二甲酸酯的方法。该方法在线性范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999,检测限在0.10～0.90mg/kg之间,平均回收率在84.3%～109.2%范围内,相对标准偏差为1.86%～9.21%。该方法具有快速、准确和灵敏度高的特点,适用于大批次油茶籽油中PAEs的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食用油墨中8种金属元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定食用油墨中8种金属元素的方法,在线内标加入,外标法定量。该方法的加标回收率在86.7%～108.8%之间、精密度在1.2%～4.1%之间,均满足试验的要求。     

分散固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定面包中的丙烯酰胺

建立了分散固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定面包中丙烯酰胺的方法。样品以水作提取剂,再用化学方法和分散固相萃取法联合对样品进行纯化,采用高效液相色谱进行分析。该方法的检出限15μg/kg,线性范围0.05～0.5mg/L,加标回收率85.3%~92.5%,日内精密度RSD为2.9%～5.3%(n=5);日间精密度RSD为3.6%～10.2%(n=15)。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP—MS）测定鸡蛋中金属元素的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定鸡蛋中8种生命元素。拟定了测定方法,加标回收率在91.8%～105.8%范围内,变异系数RSD<10(n=6),检测下限为0.0014～0.34μg/mL,满足分析要求。为食品中微量元素的检测、分析提供了快速、准确的方法。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.