病菌净Ⅱ对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能的影响试验

本实验测定了中药复方病菌净Ⅱ对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能的影响。测试结果,病菌净Ⅱ能显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的功能。其吞噬百分率和吞噬指数都显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结果表明,中药复方病药净Ⅱ有增强机体非特异性免疫功能的作用。     

中药增效抗菌复方对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为明确中药增效抗菌复方的抗感染作用机制,本实验进行其对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究.将受试药物按每千克体质量1 g、5 g和10 g的剂量对小鼠连续腹腔注射15 d,采用脏器系数测定法、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞法、乳酸脱氢酶释放法和MTT法分别对小鼠免疫器官指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、NK细胞活性、血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力进行测定.结果表明,该药物可以显著增加小鼠免疫器官指数,增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和NK细胞活性,也可以明显提高血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力.因此,中药增效抗菌复方对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能均有增强作用.     

黄花棘豆对小白鼠某些免疫功能的影响

通过T淋巴细胞值、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的吞噬百分比和吞噬指数计数,探讨了黄花棘豆对小鼠某些免疫功能的影响。结果表明,实验组小鼠的T淋巴细胞值、吞噬百分比和吞噬指数明显低于对照组(P<0.001),初步说明黄花棘豆对小鼠免疫水平有抑制作用。     

甘草多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

为了测定甘草多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响,试验从甘草中提取甘草多糖(gly-cyrrhizia polyaccharide,GPS),以不同浓度腹腔注射给小鼠,通过巨噬细胞吞噬试验观察小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞情况。结果表明:小鼠腹腔注射不同浓度的GPS后,其吞噬指数、吞噬百分率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。说明甘草多糖能够提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

亚急性硒中毒对小鼠巨噬细胞与抗体形成细胞的影响

为探讨亚硒酸钠染毒对小鼠免疫功能的影响,将试验动物分为阴性对照组(0.00mg/kg体重.d)、亚硒酸钠低剂量组(0.14mg/kg体重.d)、中剂量组(0.54mg/kg体重.d)和高剂量组(2.16mg/kg体重.d)。连续灌胃30d后处死小鼠,分别用巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验与溶血空斑试验检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能与抗体形成细胞的数量。结果显示,亚硒酸钠染毒使小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能与抗体形成细胞的数量显著降低,且与染毒剂量具有相关性。表明亚硒酸钠染毒可抑制小鼠非特异性免疫功能,呈现明显剂量效应关系。     

中药与甲氧苄啶复方对小鼠血液学和免疫学指标的影响

为明确中药与甲氧苄啶复方在动物体内抗感染作用的机制,本试验研究了其对小鼠血液学和免疫学指标的影响。将受试药物按1、5、10 g/kg体重连续腹腔注射15 d,通过Coulter-JT血细胞分析仪对血液中的红细胞、白细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞进行了计数。采用脏器系数测定法、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞法、比浊法和MTT法分别对小鼠免疫器官指数、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、血清溶菌酶含量、血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力进行测定。结果表明中药与甲氧苄啶复方可显著增加血液中的红细胞数、单核细胞比例等(P＜0.05),显著增加免疫器官指数,增强腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能和血清溶菌酶活性,提高血清溶血素水平和淋巴细胞增殖能力(P＜0.05)。因此中药与甲氧苄啶复方对小鼠非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能均有增强作用。     

沙棘对大鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:本文通过研究沙棘对大鼠的免疫功能影响,为沙棘在饲料添加剂领域的应用提供依据.方法:通过对大鼠免疫器官脏器指数、白细胞数、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能、红细胞免疫功能、细胞免疫功能和体液免疫功能的测定,评价沙棘对大鼠的免疫功能.结果:沙棘组与对照组相比,沙棘组的大鼠胸腺、脾脏重量指数提高,白细胞数增多,巨噬细胞吞噬活性增强,红细胞受体花环形成率提高,红细胞免疫复合物花环形成率降低,T淋巴细胞转化率提高,增加了血清溶血素含量和溶血空斑含量.     

羊胎盘转移因子注射液非特异性免疫调节作用的研究

为探讨羊胎盘转移因子注射液(goat placental transfer factor injection,GPTF)对动物非特异性免疫功能的影响,采用巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验、碳廓清试验以及诱导靶细胞释放免疫介质试验,评价羊胎盘转移因子注射液对动物非特异性免疫调节的作用。结果显示,羊胎盘转移因子注射液具有促进巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞功能、提高受试小鼠免疫系统廓清指数和吞噬指数以及增加巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)和白细胞介素-1(IL-1)分泌量的作用。试验结果表明,羊胎盘转移因子注射液具有增强动物机体非特异性免疫力的作用。     

枸杞多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的研究

研究枸杞多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。将试验小鼠随机分为溶剂对照组、高剂量枸杞多糖组、中剂量枸杞多糖组、低剂量枸杞多糖组。采用ConA诱导小鼠淋巴细胞转化试验及迟发性变态反应试验测试不同试验组小鼠细胞免疫功能;采用抗体生成细胞检测及半数溶血值实验测试不同试验组小鼠体液免疫功能;采用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验测试不同试...     

CecropinA-thanatin杂合肽对小鼠生长性能及免疫功能的影响

测定不同剂量和不同给药途径CecropinA-thanatin杂合肽对小鼠生长性能及免疫功能的影响。根据试验要求:将试验小鼠分为高、中和低剂量灌胃抗菌肽组(A组、B组和C组)、中间剂量腹腔注射抗菌肽组(D组)、中间剂量灌胃庆大霉素组(E组)和对照组(灌胃pPICZαA空载体转化酵母的上清,F组),各处理方法连续处理4周;4周后脱臼处死小鼠,称体质量、脾和胸腺质量;脾淋巴细胞增殖试验;油镜下观察并计算巨噬细胞吞噬率和巨噬细胞吞噬指数。杂合肽混合液的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.45 mmol/L,生长性能试验结果显示:高剂量杂合肽灌胃组小鼠明显比其他组小鼠表现更好;免疫器官指数试验结果显示:灌胃高剂量杂合肽可显著提高小鼠的脾指数和胸腺指数及脾淋巴细胞增殖能力(P0.05)。试验结果显示:灌胃和腹腔注射中间剂量杂合肽均可提高小鼠的细胞免疫功能;巨噬细胞吞噬率和巨噬细胞吞噬指数显示灌胃中间剂量杂合肽可显著提高巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P0.05)。CecropinA-thanatin杂合肽可提高小鼠的体质量增长率;合适的CecropinA-thanatin杂合肽给药剂量和给药途径可提高小鼠的免疫器官指数,细胞免疫及巨噬细胞吞噬能力。     

新型抗生素替代品抗菌肽在畜禽养殖上的应用

抗菌肽又称抗微生物肽,是生物先天性免疫的重要组成成份,具有广谱抗菌作用并且不易产生耐药性。抗菌肽作为饲料添加剂有促生长、防病以及可提高机体免疫力的作用;作为兽药可治疗各类细菌性、病毒性疾病以及各类寄生虫疾病;抗菌肽在畜禽养殖上的功能正在逐渐被开发,有望被开发成为抗生素替代品而广泛应用于畜禽养殖业。本文就家畜来源的抗菌肽从结构、用途和作用机制以及在畜牧兽医领域中的应用进行系统的分析与讨论。     

日粮中添加植物提取物对肉仔鸡免疫机能的影响

选用250只健康AA肉雏随机分成5个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮＋金霉素、基础日粮＋植物提取物（300 g/t）、基础日粮＋植物提取物（500 g/t）和基础日粮＋植物提取物（800 g/t）5种日粮,以研究不同浓度植物提取物对46日龄肉仔鸡脾脏指数、法氏囊指数、胸腺指数、T淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞转化率、白细胞吞噬印度墨汁率等指标的影响。研究结果表明,提取物有提高肉仔鸡日增重、成活率及饲料报酬率的趋势,且不影响肉仔鸡的正常生长。日粮中添加不同浓度植物提取物能够增加免疫器官指数,具有促进巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,淋巴细胞（增殖）转化率显著增高,延长抗体水平持续时间,对肉鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫均有明显促进作用。而在日粮中添加500 g/t的提取物比添加金霉素对仔鸡免疫力有更好的作用。     

天蚕素抗菌肽对肉兔生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响

试验旨在研究天蚕素抗菌肽对新西兰兔生产性能和免疫器官指数的影响。选择160只35日龄断奶的新西兰肉兔,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复8只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加30 mg/kg喹乙醇、150、200 mg/kg和250 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽,试验期为8周。结果表明,天蚕素抗菌肽可一定程度提高肉兔的日增重,显著降低料重比(P<0.05),对肉兔的采食量无显著影响(P>0.05);添加天蚕素抗菌肽有增加肉兔脾脏和胸腺重量的趋势,添加200 mg/kg和250 mg/kg天蚕素抗菌肽可显著提高肉兔脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P<0.05)。由此可见,在肉兔饲粮中添加天蚕素抗菌肽,可提高肉兔生产性能,促进免疫器官发育,提高免疫器官指数。     

Collectins and cationic antimicrobial peptides of the respiratory epithelia

The respiratory epithelium is a primary site for the deposition of microorganisms that are acquired during inspiration. The innate immune system of the respiratory tract eliminates many of these potentially harmful agents preventing their colonization. Collectins and cationic antimicrobial peptides are antimicrobial components of the pulmonary innate immune system produced by respiratory epithelia, which have integral roles in host defense and inflammation in the lung. Synthesis and secretion of these molecules are regulated by the developmental stage, hormones, as well as many growth and immunoregulatory factors. The purpose of this review is to discuss antimicrobial innate immune elements within the respiratory tract of healthy and pneumonic lung with emphasis on hydrophilic surfactant proteins and beta-defensins.     

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins of the horse - insights into a well-armed organism

ABSTRACT: Antimicrobial peptides play a pivotal role as key effectors of the innate immune system in plants and animals and act as endogenous antibiotics. The molecules exhibit an antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotic pathogens with different specificities and potencies depending on the structure and amino-acid composition of the peptides. Several antimicrobial peptides were comprehensively investigated in the last three decades and some molecules with remarkable antimicrobial properties have reached the third phase of clinical studies. Next to the peptides themselves, numerous organisms were examined and analyzed regarding their repertoire of antimicrobial peptides revealing a huge number of candidates with potencies and properties for future medical applications. One of these organisms is the horse, which possesses numerous peptides that are interesting candidates for therapeutical applications in veterinary medicine. Here we summarize investigations and knowledge on equine antimicrobial peptides, point to interesting candidates, and discuss prospects for therapeutical applications.     

Macrophages from chickens selected for high antibody response produced more nitric oxide and have greater phagocytic capacity

Macrophages are fundamental cells of the innate immune system, which, through phagocytosis and nitric oxide production, eliminate pathogens. The aim of the present study was to determine if macrophages from chicken families divergently selected to high and low antibodies response differ in nitric oxide production and phagocytic capacity. Blood monocytes derived macrophages were activated with lipopolysaccharide and supernatant from chicken spleen lymphocytes cultured with Concanavalin A (containing chicken interferon). Nitric oxide production was evaluated in culture supernatants. Phagocytic capacity of activated and non-activated macrophages was assayed using yeasts and IgY opsonized sheep red blood cells. Activated and non-activated macrophages from the high antibodies response family produced higher nitric oxide levels, internalized more yeast and significantly more opsonized sheep red blood cells than macrophages from the low antibodies response family. Moreover, activated macrophages became more elongated and widely spread. These findings indicate that macrophages from the high antibodies response family were more active suggesting that the differences in antibody response also depend on macrophage function.     

抗菌肽基因工程表达技术研究进展

抗菌肽是生物体用来抵御外来病原体入侵而产生的具有抗菌作用的一类小分子蛋白质,是很多生物先天非特异性防御系统的重要组成部分,具有抗生素无可比拟的优点,是当前最为理想的抗生素替代品。实践表明,基因工程抗菌肽表达技术是大量获得抗菌肽最为经济、科学的有效途径。抗菌肽的表达目前主要以大肠杆菌和酵母表达系统为主,针对近年来抗菌肽开发的策略和实践,作者对大肠杆菌表达系统和酵母表达系统进行了简要综述,以期为抗菌肽的应用和推广提供参考。     

家蚕抗菌肽基因研究进展

抗菌肽是昆虫先天性免疫系统中十分重要的效应因子,近年来一直是昆虫免疫学研究的热点。家蚕作为鳞翅目昆虫的代表,其抗菌肽研究取得了长足进展。根据已经研究获得的抗菌肽基因序列在家蚕基因组中进行同源搜寻,共获得了40个家蚕抗菌肽基因。这些基因编码的多肽在大小、氨基酸组成和性质上差异很大,但基于结构性质可以分成3类:(1)具有α-螺旋结构并且缺乏半胱氨酸(cysteine,Cys)的线性抗菌肽;(2)富含脯氨酸或甘氨酸的组成性抗菌肽;(3)富含半胱氨酸的环形抗菌肽。以这3类结构作为主线,综述了家蚕抗菌肽近年来的研究进展。     

Suppression of canine myeloid cells by soluble factors from cultured canine tumor cells

BackgroundCancer profoundly affects immunity and causes immunosuppression that contributes to tumor escape, metastases and resistance to therapy. The mechanisms by which cancer cells influence immune cells are not fully known but both innate and adaptive immune cells can be altered by cancer. Myeloid cells are innate immune cells that comprise the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and include monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs) and their progenitors. Myeloid cells play important roles in both the promotion and regulation of immune responses. Dysregulated myeloid cells are increasingly being recognized as contributing to cancer-related immunosuppression. This study investigated whether soluble factors produced by canine tumor cells inhibited canine myeloid cell function.MethodsThese studies investigated the utility of using the canine DH82 cell line for assessment of canine myeloid responses to tumor-derived soluble factors (TDSFs). Phenotypic comparisons to canine bone marrow-derived DCs (BM-DCs) and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-MΦs) were performed and expression of myeloid cell markers CD11b, CD11c, CD80, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II were evaluated by flow cytometry. Phenotypic and functional changes of DC populations were then determined following exposure to tumor-conditioned media (TCM) from canine osteosarcoma, melanoma and mammary carcinoma cell lines.ResultsWe found that the canine BM-DCs and the DH82 cell line shared similar CD11b, CD11c and MHC II expression and morphologic characteristics that were distinct from canine BM-MΦs. Myeloid cells exposed to TDSFs showed decreased expression of MHC class II and CD80, had reduced phagocytic activity and suppressed the proliferation of responder immune cells.ConclusionThese results show that soluble factors secreted from canine tumor cells suppress the activation and function of canine myeloid cells. Our results suggest that, similar to humans, dysregulated myeloid cells may contribute to immunosuppression in dogs with cancer.