推行生猪定点屠宰利国利民

我市生猪定点屠宰推行１年来，由于政策合理，措施得力，顺民心，得民意，得到了四个满意。一是人民群众吃上了“放心肉”，“满意肉”，人民满意；二是政府税费增加，为老百姓办了件大好事，大实事，树立了政府的良好形象，政府满意；三是企业生产启动，机械化生产线得到充分利用，职工上了岗，有活干，有饭吃，企业满意。四是检疫队伍充分发挥了作用，集中检疫，效果好了，跑路少了，收费多了，动检部门满意。 市区这次生猪定点屠宰工作之所以能稳步推进，得益于一个目标（确保人民群众吃上“放心肉”）把握的好，四条原则（谁的权利谁行…     

做大做强特色产业加快富民强县步伐——盱眙县龙虾产业带动县域经济发展的实践与借鉴

盱眙县发掘资源优势，把龙虾作为特色产业，举办中国龙虾节，带动了一系列相关产业的发展，改变了当地的农业产业结构和就业结构，增加了就业和收入，增强了地方经济实力；并通过特色产业的品牌效应，带动了旅游等服务业的发展，吸引了外来投资，加速了工业化进程。通过总结盱眙县的经济发展实践，为落后地区的区域经济发展提供了参考和借鉴。     

蜂蜜治外伤胜过消炎药

我村有一妇女因不慎被火烫伤右胳膊，脱了五六寸长的皮，痛得夜里无法人睡，用了多种消炎药也不见好转。后来我介绍她用蜂蜜涂抹，每天五六次，结果不到半个月，创面就好了80％。免除了痛苦，又省了钱。后来她小孙子又被开水烫伤，也是用我给的蜂蜜抹了一个星期，烫伤就好了。我邻居一位老人，在山上烧炭，因天冷烤火，夜深睡着了倒在火塘里，一只手至手臂的一半处被烫伤，皮全脱了。我知道后送去1瓶蜂蜜（750），让他每天涂抹患处七八次，每天用干净的鸡毛蘸淘米水洗1次，洗后马上又抹上蜂蜜。那么严重的烧伤，不到1个月就好了，并且还不留…     

吉开模式逐渐引出轰动效应──记秀山县龙凤乡忙表村村民刘吉开

刘吉开，龙凤乡忙表村人，一个典型的土家族庄稼汉子，１４岁跟人外出做猪牛生意，跑遍了大半个中国，积累了丰富的猪牛生意经验，成为这一行的行家里手。改革开放以后，党的富民政策给农村带来了翻天覆地的变化，同时使刘吉开有了用武之地，从１９８４年至１９９４年，他主要从事生猪贩运，每年不仅为国家创造上万元的税收，而且自己家里也有了可观的收入，经过１０年的辛苦经营，家里购买了彩电、冰箱、安装了电话，银行里有了存款，同时送了两个学生到成都“贵族学校”学习，过上了小康生活。一花独放不是春，刘吉开心想，没有党的富民政…     

女贞蜂蜜能治疗肝胃不和

我1969年患了胃病，中医诊断为肝胃不和，表现为腹部胀痛，不思饮食，四肢乏力，消瘦，到了不能劳动的程度。后经中西医治疗，略有好转。1972年我外出放蜂，正逢女贞子盛花期，我就试用女贞子花蜜治疗我的老毛病，服了300克后感觉胃部舒服许多，精神也好多了，食欲增加。我接着又服了一段时间，身体基本恢复。第二年，我又将存留的女贞子加蜂蜜水煎服，也有较明显的治疗效果。方法是：50克女贞子加250克水煮沸，再加100克普通蜂蜜，3分钟后停火。每日服3次，连续5天。我的老毛病基本痊愈了。患同样病的患者不妨试一试。     

白玉县实施“科教兴县”战略的情况调查与政策取向

一、困境及成因 长期以来，一论及四川藏区贫困的基本因素，人们往往会振振有词地归结为两大方面：一是地理因素的制约，导致交通不便，信息闭塞；二是历史的沉淀，导致问题诸多，积重难返。人云亦云，听多了，背熟了，明知为政多年，山河依旧，也引以为常，见贯不听；看多了，见久了，浑晓百姓贫困，食不裹腹，仍不思进取，心安理得。 果真如此吗？我带着这个问题，走遍了全县的山山水水，对白玉县的方方面面作了深入的调查研究。坚持从实际出发，区分层次，有的放矢，注意实效；坚持解放思想、实事求是，深入农牧户，‘听实话，查实情，调…     

创新分级管理制度推动兽药监管高质量发展

加强兽药管理，规范兽药市场运营，对于保证畜禽及其产品安全，保障人民身体健康，意义重大。临沂市在兽药监管工作中，探索创新分级管理制度，制定有效工作措施，找出了存在的问题，提出了工作建议，取得了显著成效，推动了全市兽药监管高质量发展。     

新崛起的民营饲料企业的困惑和出路

2004年的行情，使一些以个体为主要形式的饲料企业在长时间艰苦经营的基础上，获得了较大的利润，因此他们的资金问题得到解决，有了进一步发展的物质基础。部分厂家新扩建了厂房设备，拥有了进一步发展的物质储备。与此同时，也诱惑了更多的人看好饲料行业，再次燃亮了业内人士的希望之星，新的投资也如火如荼。     

改革开放30年 百人百言说发展

我国饲料工业。随着改革的兴起而发展，随着改革的深化而壮大。农村改革的大潮兴起以后，大大解放了生产力，激发了广大农民的生产热情和致富愿望，促进了种植业快速发展，促进了畜牧业快速发展，从而强有力地支持、拉动了饲料工业蓬勃发展。我们仅用了20多年的时间，就走完了经济发达国家百年走过的路程，饲料工业的产量跃居世界第二位，基本建成了完备的饲料工业体系。这是我们创造的奇迹!     

充分利用再生饲料

充分利用再生饲料近几年来，随着养禽业的发展，养鸡数量的逐年增多，鸡粪已成为一大公害，如果处理不妥，病源微生物繁殖而传染疾病。降低了生产力，减少了经济收入。当前饲料昂贵，如果能充分利用再生饲料，鸡粪喂猪，猪粪喂鱼，这不但节省了饲料，降低了生产成本，提高...     

Neuroregulation of growth hormone secretion in domestic animals

Growth hormone (GH) is essential for postnatal somatic growth, maintenance of lean tissue at maturity in domestic animals and milk production in cows. This review focuses on neuroregulation of GH secretion in domestic animals. Two hormones principally regulate the secretion of GH: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates, while somatostatin (SS) inhibits the secretion of GH. A long-standing hypothesis proposes that alternate secretion of GHRH and SS regulate episodic secretion of GH. However, measurement of GHRH and SS in hypophysial-portal blood of unanesthetized sheep and swine shows that episodic secretion of GHRH and SS do not account for all episodes of GH secreted. Furthermore, the activity of GHRH and SS neurons decreases after steers have eaten a meal offered for a 2-h period each day (meal-feeding) and this corresponds with reduced secretion of GH. Together, these data suggest that other factors also regulate the secretion of GH. Several neurotransmitters have been implicated in this regard. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid stimulate the secretion of GH at somatotropes. Growth hormone releasing peptide-6 overcomes feeding-induced refractoriness of somatotropes to GHRH and stimulates the secretion of GHRH. Norepinephrine reduces the activity of SS neurons and stimulates the secretion of GHRH via alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors. N-methyl-D,L-aspartate and leptin stimulate the secretion of GHRH, while neuropeptide Y stimulates the secretion of GHRH and SS. Activation of muscarinic receptors decreases the secretion of SS. Dopamine stimulates the secretion of SS via D1 receptors and inhibits the secretion of GH from somatotropes via D2 receptors. Thus, many neuroendocrine factors regulate the secretion of GH in livestock via altering secretion of GHRH and/or SS, communicating between GHRH and SS neurons, or acting independently at somatotropes to coordinate the secretion of GH.     

Relations between body weight, feed intake, daily weight gain, and exocrine pancreatic secretion in chronically catheterized growing pigs

The aim of this investigation was to develop models that would make it possible to correct exocrine pancreatic secretion data for the effect of BW and feed intake in growing pigs. In addition, the significance of exocrine pancreatic secretion for daily weight gain (DWG) was studied. Data were used from 10 pigs (16 to 32 kg BW) surgically fitted with chronic pancreatic catheters. The samples were collected under controlled conditions for two to five experimental days per animal (a total of 39 observations), during 2 h preprandially and during 2 h when feeding (postprandially). The exocrine pancreatic secretion traits included the hourly output of volume, the amount of protein, and trypsin and amylase activities. Multiple linear regressions were used to develop models to describe exocrine pancreatic secretion. The individual pig was the most important source of variation in the model. With increasing BW, 7 out of 10 pigs showed an increase in exocrine pancreatic secretion. However, the slopes of the regression lines differed between animals, which made it impossible to develop general models for the correction of secretion data for the effect of BW. Postprandial exocrine pancreatic secretion was always higher than preprandial secretion, but the amount of feed intake per se did not seem to affect secretion. Exocrine pancreatic secretion and DWG were positively correlated. We concluded that, under the present circumstances, expressing secretion per kilogram BW or kilogram feed intake was not feasible. Expressing secretion per hour was the best way to present the data.     

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone mediates serotonin-induced secretion of GH in cattle

Serotonin stimulates secretion of growth hormone (GH) in cattle, but the mechanism is unknown. In rats, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) mediates serotonin-induced secretion of GH. We hypothesized that the same is true in cattle. Cattle were fed for 2h daily to synchronize secretion of GH, such that concentrations of GH were high before and low after feeding. Our first objective was to determine whether or not feeding suppresses serotonin receptor agonist (quipazine) induced secretion of GH. Holstein steers were injected with quipazine (0.2 mg/kg BW) either 1 h before or 1 h after feeding. Quipazine-induced secretion of GH which did not differ in magnitude before and after feeding. If TRH mediates serotonin-induced secretion of GH, then magnitude of TRH-induced secretion of GH should not be different before and after feeding (our second objective). Sixteen meal-fed Holstein steers were injected with 0.3 microg TRH/kg BW either 1 h before or 1 h after feeding. Indeed, magnitude of TRH-induced secretion of GH before and after feeding was not different. Our third objective was to inhibit endogenous TRH with 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) and examine basal, GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-, TRH- and quipazine-induced secretion of GH. Sixteen Holstein steers were injected daily with either T(3) (3 or 6 microg/kg BW) or vehicle for 20 days and then challenged sequentially with vehicle or GHRH, TRH, or quipazine. T(3) did not affect basal, GHRH- or TRH-induced secretion of GH, but reduced basal secretion of thyroxine. T(3) reduced but did not completely block quipazine-induced secretion of GH. In conclusion, TRH mediates, in part, serotonin-induced secretion of GH in cattle.     

Calcium-stimulation test for the assessment of beta-cell function in cats

To assess the potential of an intravenous calcium-stimulation test (CST) as an indicator of insulin secretion in cats, indices calculated from CST results were compared with indices of insulin secretion derived from an intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivGTT) and hyperglycaemic glucose clamp (HGC) in 11 healthy, normal glucose tolerant, conscious cats. Intravenous administration of 2.5mg/kg Ca(2+) resulted in a significant increase in plasma free Ca(2+) (P<0.001) and plasma insulin (P=0.047) concentrations but did not affect the plasma glucose concentration. The indices of insulin secretion based on the CST did not correlate significantly with corresponding indices based on the ivGTT and HGC. In conclusion, the CST is not a useful test for assessing insulin secretion in cats. Other indices of insulin secretion, such as fasting insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), are easier to obtain and correlate better with indices of insulin secretion derived from the HGC, the gold standard technique for assessing insulin secretion.     

蛙皮素样肽调控胰岛素分泌机制研究进展

哺乳动物蛙皮素样肽(BLP)主要包括胃泌素释放肽(GRP)、神经肽C(NMC)和神经肽B(NMB),主要通过GRP-R和NMB-R 2种受体亚型介导生物学效应。其受体BRS-3的内源性配体尚未发现。BLP已经被证明具有促进胰岛素分泌的作用。从组织定位来看,BLP及其受体在胰腺均有分布,其调控胰岛素的分泌主要通过GRP-R介导,其效能与动物的种属、血糖和能量水平有关。BLP可能作为胰腺内神经递质直接促进胰岛β细胞或间接通过激活副交感神经促进胰岛素分泌。BLP还可激活三磷酸肌醇等途径,增加胞外Ca2+内流或者动员胞内钙库,促进胰岛素分泌。BLP对胰岛素分泌的研究不仅补充调控胰岛素分泌机制的理论,也为临床糖尿病的治疗提供新的思路。     

革兰氏阴性菌蛋白分泌系统研究进展

许多革兰氏阴性细菌借助于细菌的分泌系统,分泌出毒性因子和效应子,与寄主进行分子交流。革兰氏阴性细菌有5种类型蛋白质分泌系统,即Ⅰ-V型。本文结合这5种分泌系统的特点、组成以及转运机制方面的进展进行了综述。     

生长激素分泌规律的研究概况

围绕生长激素在正常生理状况下的分泌方式，探讨了采食、品种、年龄、性别等因素对生长激素分泌的影响，并对生长激素正常分泌的调节进行了讨论。     

Orexin-B modulates luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion from porcine pituitary cells in culture

To test the hypothesis that orexin-B acts directly on the anterior pituitary to regulate LH and growth hormone (GH) secretion, anterior pituitary cells from prepuberal gilts were studied in primary culture. On day 4 of culture, 10(5) cells/well were challenged with 0.1, 10 or 1000 nM GnRH; 10, 100 or 1000 nM [Ala15]-hGRF-(1-29)NH2 or 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 nM, orexin-B individually or in combinations with 0.1 and 1000 nM GnRH or 10 and 1000 nM GRF. Secreted LH and GH were measured at 4 h after treatment. Basal LH and GH secretion (control; n = 6 pigs) was 183 +/- 18 and 108 +/- 4.8 ng/well, respectively. Relative to control at 4 h, all doses of GnRH and GRF increased (P < 0.0001) LH and GH secretion, respectively. All doses of orexin-B increased (P < 0.01) LH secretion, except for the 0.1 nM dose. Basal GH secretion was unaffected by orexin-B. Addition of 1, 10 or 100 nM orexin-B in combinations with 0.1 nM GnRH increased (P < 0.001) LH secretion compared to GnRH alone. Only 0.1 nM (P = 0.06) and 100 nM (P < 0.001) orexin-B in combinations with 1000 nM GnRH increased LH secretion compared to GnRH alone. All doses of orexin-B in combination with 1000 nM GRF suppressed (P < 0.0001) GH secretion compare to GRF alone, while only 0.1 nM orexin-B in combination with 10 nM GRF suppressed (P < 0.01) GH secretion compared to GRF. These results indicate that orexin may directly modulate LH and GH secretion at the level of the pituitary gland.     

Secretion of biologically active porcine interleukin-2 by Lactococcus lactis

In this study, secretion of two functional recombinant porcine interleukin-2 (rIL-2) proteins by Lactococcus lactis was studied. Two secretion cassettes were constructed in which the secretion was achieved by gene fusion between the lactococcal usp45 secretion signal, a synthetic propeptide and the sequence encoding the mature IL-2. In addition, one of the two secretion cassettes contained the H-domains of L. lactis PrtP. Both of the constructed recombinant IL-2 proteins were found to be secreted in the same quantities, approximately 0.5mg/l. According to a cell proliferative assay using CTLL-2 cell line the specific biological activities of both purified rIL-2 proteins were found to be of similar levels.     

Exocrine pancreatic secretion in pigs fed sow's milk and milk replacer, and its relationship to growth performance

The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the effects of sow's milk and 2 milk replacer diets (containing clotting or non-clotting protein sources) on exocrine pancreatic secretion, plasma cholecystokinin, and immunoreactive cationic trypsin in pigs. In addition, the relationship between exocrine pancreatic secretion and growth in milk-fed pigs was studied. In a changeover experiment, 9 chronically catheterized pigs of 6.6 +/- 0.19 kg of BW were studied for 3 wk. Pigs were assigned to each of 3 diets. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was measured from the third to the seventh day on each diet. The protein content and trypsin activity of the pancreatic juice were measured. Blood samples were taken at 10 min before and after milk ingestion and were analyzed for cholecystokinin and immunoreactive cationic trypsin. Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion did not differ between pigs fed sow's milk and those fed milk replacer, but the volume secreted was less for the pigs fed sow's milk (0.75 vs. 1.03 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1); P < 0.01). A postprandial response to milk intake was not observed. The 2 milk replacer diets did not affect exocrine pancreatic secretion differently. The average exocrine pancreatic secretion (volume, 0.94 mL x kg(-1) x h(-1); protein, 4.28 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1); trypsin, 1.65 U x kg(-1) x h(-1)) was intermediate between literature values for suckling and weaned pigs. Plasma cholecystokinin was elevated (approximately 18 pmol x L(-1)) and showed low correlations with the pancreatic secretion traits. Plasma immunoreactive cationic trypsin was not significantly related to any of the pancreatic secretion traits and should therefore not be used as an indicator for exocrine pancreatic function in milk-fed pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion varied substantially among individual pigs (protein, 0.22 to 13.98 mg x kg(-1) x h(-1)). Pancreatic protein and trypsin secretion showed a positive, nonlinear relationship with performance traits. It was concluded that neither specific sow's milk ingredients nor the protein source are responsible for a low pancreatic protein secretion in suckling pigs. Exocrine pancreatic secretion was positively correlated with ADG in pigs at an identical milk intake.