铁灭克(Temik)防治花生线虫病试验简结

铁灭克(Temik)为氨基甲酸酯类内吸杀虫、杀螨、杀线剂。有效成分为2—甲基—2—(甲硫基)—0—(甲氨基甲酰基)丙醛肪。 大鼠口服LD50为0.9—1mg/kg。1984年由日本长瀬公司提供(美国联合碳化公司制造)15％颗粒剂,在我省进行防治花生线虫病试验,试验地点在栖霞县桃村镇十字线村。花生根结线虫病以Meloldogyne hspla Chitwood为主。     

甲基异柳磷防治花生根结线虫病的研究

１９８３—１９９１年用杀虫剂甲基异柳磷对花生根结线虫病的防效进行了研究，结果表明，于花生播种时，按每公顷用４０％甲基异柳磷乳油有效成分４．５ｋｇ，兑土或水稀释后，施于播种沟内，防效为４６．１％，增产７５％，并有兼治种苗期蚜虫等多种害虫作用。适合于花生根结线虫病发生较轻而虫害发生严重的地区或田块施用。     

COUNTER10％颗粒剂防治甘蔗害虫的田间药效

COUNTER10％颗粒剂对甘蔗害虫具有良好的防治效果。3－5月份结合甘蔗松、培土，每公顷施COUNTER10％颗粒剂20、25、30kg，对蔗龟的防效达85．79％以上，对蔗螟的防效在80％左右，可作为蔗龟、蔗螟防治中的轮换用药。田间使用每公顷以20－25kg为宜。     

5%二嗪磷颗粒剂对花生地下害虫防治效果简报

2003~2004年的研究表明,在花生播种期施用5%二嗪磷颗粒剂对花生安全,对蛴螬、金针虫等花生地下害虫有明显的防治作用,施用5%二嗪磷颗粒剂具有显著的保果作用,可以明显降低虫果率,提高花生荚果产量,用量为600g a.i./hm2的增产幅度达到10.28%。     

万强对花生根结线虫发育的影响及防治效果

万强对花生根结线虫发育的影响及防治效果廖金铃（华南农业大学线虫研究室），冯志新华南农业大学学报。－１９９５，１６（２）．－６０～６４１９９１～１９９４年利用室内培养和盆栽试验的方法，研究了１０％万强颗粒剂对花生根结线虫（Ｍｅｌｏｉｄｏｇｙｎｅａｒｅｎ...     

花生根结线虫病防治措施试验示范

花生根结线虫病防治措施试验示范陈宝君，胡尊忠（山东省临沭县石门镇农技站，２７６７０５）（临沭县科委）花生是石门镇的主要经济作物，全镇每年农作物种植面积３１００ｈｍ２，其中花生１４００ｈｍ２左右，占总播种面积的４５．２％，其收入占农业总收入的４８．６％...     

水稻本田除草药剂筛选试验

针对盘锦地区目前农资市场农药新品种不断增多，农民选用缺乏科学依据的现状，开展了水稻本田除草药剂筛选研究。结果表明，参试的水田插秧后使用的6种灭草药剂中。30％田毛泡腾颗粒剂、38．5％秧田清、双超、60％丁草胺 10％草克星等5种农药，表现杀草谱广，灭草效果较好。其中，秧田清防效最高，株防95．1％，鲜防达98．4％，且对水稻安全、增产。草威灭稗效果较差，30％田毛泡腾灭草效果较好，但对水稻分蘖有一定抑制作用。应慎重选用。     

呋喃丹防治花生线虫病的试验研究

广东花生根结线虫经华南农学院植保系鉴定其学名为Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood,属垫刃目,异皮科。 遂溪县黄略公社历年花生播种面积为1.2—1.3万亩左右,每年花生根结线虫病发生面积约五千亩左右,严重的一千亩多。发病田受害株率一般为20—30％,重的40％以上,高达70％,估计每年损失花生荚果约10—15万斤。     

益收宝防治花生根结线虫病试验初报

花生根结线虫病在我区发生为害甚烈。据湛江地区农科所83年早造对雷州半岛三县一市(徐闻、海康、遂溪、湛江市郊)的初步调查,花生根结线虫病发生为害面积约占4成多,受害田生长很差,产量很低。多年来的生产实践证明,防治花生根结线虫病已成为花生生产能否上得去的急须解决的问题之一。 为了加速防治工作开展,为大面积推广使用提供依据,84年早造,我们对法国罗纳普朗克公司产的20％益收宝进行了田间小区药效试验,并取得初步结果。     

福建省香蕉根结线虫病调查与病原鉴定

2008~2013年,在福建省漳州市进行香蕉根结线虫病害的分布和危害性调查,结果表明：香蕉根结线虫病发生普遍,田间香蕉的株发病率达79.3％,苗圃香蕉假植苗株发病率达94.8％,带病香蕉苗成为香蕉根结线虫病的重要侵染源。香蕉根结线虫病的病原种类鉴定结果为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）、爪哇根结线虫（M. javanica）和花生根结线虫（M. arenaria）,南方根结线虫为优势种,且存在根结线虫的混合种群。     

The effect of nematicides onPratylenchus penetrans and potato yields

Aldicarb applied as Temik 10% or 15% granular at 1.68, 2.24 or 3.36 kg/ha active ingredient (a.i.) in the row at planting reduced the size of populations ofPratylenchus penetrons in experimental plots and commercial fields. Both aldicarb and the soil fumigant, Telone-II, were associated with yield increases of about 40% in Superior and Sebago potatoes in experimental plots in 1978, but there were no significant increases in yield in 1979 and 1980. A comparison was made between areas treated with aldicarb 10% granular at 2.24 kg/ha a.i. or disulfoton 15% granular at 3.36 kg/ha a.i. in 24 commercial fields. Average yields from the combined results of Kennebec, Superior, Sebago, and Russet Burbank cultivars were about 13% higher in the aldicarb treatments. Yields in six fields where aldicarb was applied at 3.36 kg/ha a.i. were not different from yields in adjacent fields treated with the lower rate of aldicarb. Superior potatoes inoculated withP. penetrons, or uninoculated, were grown in pots in the greenhouse in fine sandy loam at moisture levels of 35–55% or 70–100% field capacity. The lower soil moisture level and the nematode treatment reduced tuber weights. The nematode-soil moisture interaction was significant in one of the two experiments.     

出口盆栽榕树根结线虫病的发生与防控药剂选择

以出口盆栽榕树种植示范基地为观测点,剖析检测根结线虫病的病原种类、为害症状、发病规律和传播控制,选择测定阿维菌素、毒死蜱、益舒宝和克百威对基质和根系根结线虫的防控效果,评价根结线虫对这4种药剂的敏感性。结果表明:对出口盆栽榕树造成为害的主要是南方根结线虫。阿维菌素原浆、毒死蜱乳油对盆栽榕树基质和根系根结线虫的防控效果均较理想,极显著优于两颗粒剂益舒宝和克百威。基质根结线虫对阿维菌素和毒死蜱敏感,LD50分别为0.215 4 mg/L和0.215 5 mg/L,无明显差异。根系根结线虫对阿维菌素的LD50为8.64 80 mg/L,是毒死蜱的3.10倍;克百威的LD50为2.127 9 g/盆,是益舒宝的1.35倍;各处理抗性个体出现频率会有不同,要尽可能轮换或交替使用。     

Direct application of reduced rates of aldicarb to potato seedpieces

Aldicarb was applied directly to potato seedpieces at 0.3, 0.6, 1.1, 2.2 and 3.4 kg AI/ha at planting and at 2.24 kg Al/ha over the plants at crop emergence. All seedpiece treatments resulted in superior early season protection from Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). Lower seedpiece rates lost effectiveness by early July, while higher rates protected foliage into early August. In a second study, plots treated with 1.1 kg AI/ha to the seedpiece produced crop yields as high as those treated with additional aldicarb at crop emergence. It is suggested that low rates of aldicarb applied directly to the seedpiece at planting could offer effective early season insect control while reducing the risk of groundwater contamination.     

The joint action of nitrogen and nematicides onPratylenchus penetrans and potato yield

The joint action of nitrogen fertilizer and nematicides onPratylenchus penetrons and yield was investigated using three potato varieties (Superior, Onaway and Russet Burbank), three rates of nitrogen (84, 168 and 336 kg/ha), five edaphic pesticides (disulfoton, aldicarb, 1,3-D + MIC, carbofuran and thiofanox), and an insecticide spray to minimize the role of foliar feeding insects In 1977, disulfoton, aldicarb, and disulfoton plus 1,3-D + MIC significantly increased the yield of Superior at all nitrogen rates. The yield increases ranged from 37–56% for Superior, 15–35% for Onaway and 13–27% for Russet Burbank. Nitrogen had no detectable influence on yield. Population densities ofP. penetrans were significantly reduced by disulfoton plus 1,3-D + MIC and by aldicarb. Superior was most susceptible toP. penetrans, Onaway intermediate, and Russet Burbank moderately tolerant. Neither the potato variety or nitrogen significantly influenced the population densities ofP. penetrans In 1978 aldicarb, 1,3-D + MIC and thiofanox significantly increased yields of Superior at all nitrogen rates. Nitrogen also significantly increased yields, but only where aldicarb and 1,3-D + MIC were applied. Total yield was increased 12–14% and 17–23% by 1,3-D + MIC and aldicarb at 168 and 336 kg N/ha, respectively. Aldicarb, 1,3-D + MIC, and thiofanox appeared to increase tuber set, while nitrogen increased tuber size. Although all of the nematicides provided some control ofP. penetrans, aldicarb had the highest degree of efficacy and gave excellent season-long control     

Increased severity of Rhizoctonia root rot in sugar beet treated with systemic insecticides

The systemic insecticides aldicarb 15G (15% granules) at 2·6 kg active ingredient (a.i.)/ha and phorate 1OG (10% granules) at 1·7 kg a.i./ha, applied as side dressings about 1 month after planting in 1979 and 1980, significantly increased the severity of root rot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Carbofuran 10G (10% granules) at 2·2 kg a.i./ha also increased root rot, but not significantly. Numbers of harvestable roots were reduced by all treatments but significantly by phorate only. Both aldicarb and phorate were slightly fungistatic to R. solani when the pathogen was grown on potato-dextrose agar incorporating 0·5, 5·0, and 25 μg a.i./ml. Trichoderma sp., a potential antagonist of Rhizoctonia, was slightly inhibited by aldicarb and phorate initially, but soon overcame the effect. Thus, the increase in disease severity in the field may be attributable to some metabolic or physiological effect of the chemicals either on the host or on the infection process of the pathogen. Indiscriminate use of these insecticides should therefore be avoided in areas where root rot is prevalent but where insects are not a problem.     

Influence of treatment of soil with carbofuran on the subsequent performance of insecticides against cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and carrot fly (Psila rosae)

A sandy loam soil was treated with 2·5 kg carbofuran/ha on each of five occasions between May and October 1984. In 1985, the field performance of benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and furathiocarb against cabbage root fly (Delia radicum) and carrot fly (Psila rosae) was studied in this soil and in identical but previously untreated soil by applying exponentially increasing doses of granular formulations to radish and carrots at drilling. Chlorfenvinphos reduced numbers of larvae of both pests by >90% in both soils but the performance of all the carbamates was significantly worse in the previously treated soil than in the previously untreated soil. Dazomet, a partial soil sterilant, was applied to part of the experimental area in October 1985 and the performance of aldicarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and thiofanox against cabbage root fly was assessed in 1986. The efficiency of aldicarb and chlorfenvinphos was not affected by any of the pre-treatments but that of carbofuran and carbosulfan was reduced in all the pre-treated soils, including the soil treated with dazomet. Carbofuran residues in radish were detectable only in plants grown in previously untreated soil. In laboratory incubations, a dustless base formulation of carbofuran was degraded more quickly in pre-treated than in untreated soils but a granular formulation was degraded more slowly and at a similar rate in both soils.     

我国花生根结线虫种和小种鉴定及其细微结构观察和地区分布

本研究首次对我国4个重病区的花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla、M.aren-aria)病病原统一进行了较系统的形态学观察、测量、描述及鉴别寄主鉴定、明确了我国花生上的两个根结线虫种按南,北方两个重病区有其明确的区系分布界限,未发现混生现象,即各分别为:在南方—北纬25°的广东省遂溪县等地区是花生根结线虫1号(Meloidogyne arenaria race 1)生理小种;在北方—北纬37°以北的山东省栖霞县、文登县以及河北省滦县等地区是北方根结线虫(M.hapla);而且在本研究所取样本地区均为单一根结线虫种,亦未发现有其它根结线虫种为害花生。同时还看出北方根结线虫种内四个群体间的二龄幼虫头部细微结构有所不同。     

栀子根结线虫病的病原鉴定

为明确广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类,采集根部有明显根结的栀子根系进行根结线虫分离鉴定,通过观察根结线虫2龄幼虫、雌成虫、会阴花纹特征对其进行形态学鉴定,并利用核糖体ITS区和28S rDNA D2D3区序列比对和系统发育树分析方法对其进行分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,该病原线虫2龄幼虫和雌成虫形态特征及形态测量值与象耳豆根结线虫（Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback, 1983）相似;该病原线虫核糖体ITS区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为100%,28S rDNA D2D3区与NCBI数据库中象耳豆根结线虫相应序列的相似度为99%以上;该病原线虫核糖体ITS序列以99%的支持率与象耳豆根结线虫聚为同一分支。综合形态学和分子生物学鉴定结果将广西贺州市栀子根结线虫病病原种类鉴定为象耳豆根结线虫,栀子（Gardenia jasminoides Eills）是该线虫的新寄主纪录。     

藤本豆根结线虫病的病原鉴定及其侵染特性的研究

在福建省发现豆科新品种多年生藤本豆（Lablab sp.）发生严重的根结线虫病,根部可产生巨大根结,根结内组织内可埋生数以百计的雌虫,卵囊产于根结内。通过形态特征及rDNA-ITS区序列扩增比对,藤本豆根结线虫鉴定为南方根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）。多年生藤本豆受根结线虫为害为首次记述, 也是南方根结线虫新寄主。接种实验结果表明,2龄幼虫主要侵染藤本豆根尖,也可侵染根其他部位,雌虫与卵囊埋生于根结内,卵可直接孵化并在根内直接侵染发育,根结大小发展快,根结坚硬,表面组织不易腐解,雄虫只能在后期根结腐败组织处发现。在环境温度（24~36 ℃）,生活史最短为24 d。田间重要杂草空心莲子草（Alternanthera philoxeroides）根结线虫病发生普遍,形态特征鉴定为南方根结线虫,田间调查及交叉接种实验表明其可能为田间藤本豆根结线虫病的主要侵染来源。