风靡世界的“森林浴”（二）

风靡世界的“森林浴”（二）张建中（陕西省林业学校，陕西杨陵，７１２１００）４选择森林浴场的基本条件“森林浴”在我国是和森林旅游结合在一起的，是刚刚兴起的一项活动，既缺乏组织管理经验，又缺乏建设森林浴场的经验。一般地讲，“森林浴”应当有一定的场地，因此...     

森林浴--都市休闲快班车

森林浴，是一种特殊的森林旅游项目，也叫林内步行运动，近年已成为新兴保健活动。其基本方法是人在林荫下娱乐、漫步、小憩，通过肺部吸收森林中散发的具有药理效果的芳香物，刺激植物性神经，达到促进身心健康的目的。　　早在西方和日本兴起“森林保健活动”时，日本就首倡了“森林浴”，一度掀起了“森林浴运动热”，随后逐渐推广到欧美一些国家。近几年，我国也开始流行，成为众多中老年人喜爱的一项休闲、健身活动。　　其实，森林与养生的密切关系，早为我国古人所认识与利用。西汉名士枚乘的《七发》一文中写道，楚太子有疾，吴客为…     

谈森林浴场的规划设计

论述了森林浴场地的选择条件、规划前的技术准备工作、环境质量调查内容、总体布局、规划要点、设计内容等,为森林浴场的建设提供了重要的参考依据。并提出了促进和发展我国森林浴活动的几点建议     

森林浴场的规划设计探讨

本文回顾了森林浴发展过程,总结了森林浴的功能与作用以及在森林旅游中的地位。通过作者近十年来进行森林公园设计的经验,系统地提出了森林浴场选址、面积规格、林分设计、步行道设计、辅助设施设计、服务及管理设计等的内容和设计方法。     

石门国家森林公园负离子浓度动态变化及评价

为给城市森林公园利用森林生态旅游、森林浴、森林健康疗养实现生态与经济协调发展提供科学支撑,2018年旱季和2019年雨季,对石门国家森林公园花海(草本群落)、湖心岛(近水体)、竹林、竹阔混交林、国际森林浴场(常绿阔叶林)5种生境空气负氧离子进行监测和评估。结果表明:石门国家森林公园康养基地负离子浓度雨季旱季,旱季负离子浓度排序为森林浴场湖心岛竹阔混交林花海竹林,雨季为森林浴场竹阔混交林竹林湖心岛花海,林分和水分是影响空气负离子浓度的重要因子。     

浅谈森林浴与森林浴场设计

该文介绍了森林浴功能及作用机理,根据对森林公园规划设计的经验,系统地阐述了建设森林浴场选址、林分设计、步行道设计、辅助设施设计等内容和设计方法。     

森林浴──新型的都市休闲方式

森林浴,是一种特殊的森林旅游项目,也叫林内步行运动,已成为近年来一项新兴的保健活动。其基本方法是人在林荫下娱乐、漫步、小想,通过肺部吸收森林中散发的具有药理效果的芳香物,刺激植物性神经,达到促进身心健康的目的。早在西方和日本兴起‘森林保健活动”时,日本就首倡了“森林浴”。日本一度掀起了“森林浴运动”热,随后又逐渐推广到欧美一些国家。近几年,在我国也开始流行,成为众多中老年人喜爱的一项休闲、健身活动。其实,森林与养生的密切关系,早为我国古人所认识与利用。西汉名士枚乘在其《七发）｝一文中写道：楚太子…     

森林浴好处多

森林浴好处多文／北林森林浴，就是浸浴在森林内的空气中进行养生的一种活动。其基本方法是在林荫下娱乐、漫步、小憩，而在林内步行则是养生的基本内容。森林浴也叫林内步行运动，是一种新兴的保健活动。森林浴的基本条件：（一）空气清新，不含有毒物质，无菌、无尘；（...     

森林康养 衢江大有可为

正森林,给人们提供着赖以生存的氧气、丰富多样的食品和优美的自然风光,成为大家休闲游乐的首选之地。近年来,围绕森林资源,一个新兴产业——森林康养正在我国悄然兴起。森林康养是以森林对人体特殊的功效为基础,以传统中医学与森林医学原理为理论支撑,以森林景观、森林环境、森林食品及生态文化等为主要资源和依托,开展的以修身养性、调适机能、养颜健体、养生养老等为目的的活动。其主要内容包括森林浴、森林休闲、森林度假、森林体验、森林运动、森林保健、森林疗养和森林食疗等方面。近年来,衢江区积极践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"重要思想,依托森林资源,     

森林浴场规划——以素山寺国家森林公园为例

通过对素山寺国家森林公园进行的自然资源调查以及社会调查，结合森林浴场开发所需具备的条件对素山寺国家森林公园森林浴场建设的可行性进行分析，得出其具备开发基本条件的结论。然后定位待建森林浴场形象；规划开发范围面积；设计森林浴场建设项目，包括浴场功能分区，森林浴场服务设施；分析环境保护措施；使之最终建成一个经济、生态、社会效益三赢的森林浴场。     

The potential of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa [Sieb. et Zucc.] Endlicher) plantation forests for the restoration of the original plant community in Japan

We estimated the potential of plantation forests for the restoration of the original plant community. We compared the understory vegetation in hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa [Sieb. et Zucc.] Endlicher) plantations at the understory re-initiation stage and in adjacent natural forests. To estimate the effect of the original natural forests on the understory species composition of plantation forests, we established study sites in five types of natural forests (mature evergreen broadleaf, mature deciduous broadleaf, mature evergreen coniferous, immature deciduous broadleaf warm-temperate, and immature deciduous broadleaf cool-temperate) and nearby plantation forests. The understory vegetation of the plantation forests had a higher species richness, a higher proportion of early-seral species, and a higher proportion of herb or fern species than the natural forests. The differences between natural and plantation forests varied according to the species composition of the natural forests. The composition of the understory vegetation of the plantations at the understory re-initiation stage was similar to that of the immature deciduous forests. The characteristics of immature, disturbed forests remained in the understory vegetation of the hinoki forests. No great loss of species was observed. Our findings suggest that most of the original forest species still survive in the understory of the plantation forests. These forests have the potential to follow the successional pathway to broadleaf or mixed forests via thinning or clear-cutting without planting.     

Legacies from natural forest dynamics: Different effects of forest management on wood-inhabiting fungi in pine and spruce forests

The species composition of wood-inhabiting fungi (polypores and corticoids) was investigated on 1138 spruce logs and 992 pine logs in 90 managed and 34 natural or near-natural spruce and pine forests in SE Norway.Altogether, the study included 290 species of wood-inhabiting fungi. Comparisons of logs with similar properties (standardized tree species, decay class, dimension class) in natural and managed forests showed a significant reduction in species number per log in managed spruce forests, but not in managed pine forests. The species number per log in managed spruce forests was 10-55% lower than on logs from natural spruce forests. The reduction was strongest on logs of large dimensions. A comparison of 200-400 spruce logs from natural and managed forests showed a 25% reduction in species richness corresponding to a conservative loss of ca. 40 species on a regional scale.A closer inspection revealed that species confined to medium and very decayed spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests, whereas species on early decay classes and decay generalists were unaffected. Similarly, species preferring large spruce logs were disfavored in managed forests. Forest management had strongest impact on low-frequent species in the spruce forests (more than 50% reduction), whereas common species were modestly affected. Corticoid fungi were more adversely affected than polypore fungi.These results indicate that wood-decaying fungi in pine forests are more adapted to forest disturbances than spruce-associated species. Management measures securing a continuous supply of dead wood are more important in spruce forests than in pine forests.     

沿海防护林在滨海城市环境建设中的地位及发展对策

滨海城市作为特殊的城市类型 ,其森林依生态功能可划分为沿海防护林 ,大气净化森林 ,自然保护区和森林公园、居民点绿化森林 ,经济林及特殊人文景观森林生态功能区。该文着重论述了沿海防护林在滨海城市建设中的环境地位、经济地位和社会地位 ,并从森林生态网络体系建设和可持续发展角度 ,简述了提高滨海城市防护林体系建设质量的有效对策     

贵州麻江森林健康经营项目示范区森林植被类型初步分析

项目示范区的森林属于次生林,调查分析结果表明该示范区的植被类型比较齐全,有西南米槠-黄连木-锈鳞苔草常绿阔叶林、漆树＋美脉琼楠＋大花枇杷-蚊母树＋高丛珍珠梅＋鸢尾常绿落叶阔叶林、白栎＋麻栎＋枫香-芒箕落叶阔叶林、马尾松＋白栎＋枫香＋油桐-白栎针阔混交林、马尾松和杉木针叶林、白栎-金星厥灌丛.     

National assessment of the fragmentation, accessibility and anthropogenic pressure on the forests in Mexico

Forest managers and policy makers increasingly demand to have access to estimates of forest fragmentation,human accessibility to forest areas and levels of anthropogenic pressure on the remaining forests to integrate them into monitoring systems,management and conservation plans.Forest fragmentation is defined as the breaking up of a forest unit,where the number of patches and the amount of expose edge increase while the amount of core area decreases.Forest fragmentation studies in Mexico have been limited to local or regional levels and have concentrated only on specific forest types.This paper presents an assessment of the fragmentation of all forest types at the national level,their effective proximity to anthropogenic influences,and the development of an indicator of anthropogenic pressure on the forests areas.Broadleaf forests,tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests show the greatest fragmentation.Almost half(47%) of the tropical forests are in close effective proximity to anthropogenic influences and only 12% of their area can be considered isolated from anthropogenic influences.The values for the temperate forests are 23% and 29% respectively.Anthropogenic pressure in the immediate vicinity of anthropogenic activities is much higher in the tropical forests(75 in a scale 0-100) than in the temperate forests(30).When considering these results jointly,the tropical forests,and more specifically,the tropical evergreen forests and tropical dry deciduous forests are under the greatest pressure and risks of degradation.     

Sustainable Forest Management at the Local Scale: A Comparative Analysis of Community Forests and Domestic Forests in Cameroon

In Cameroon, community forests are frequently presented as a relevant option to increase the welfare of rural populations and simultaneously improve local governance and forest resources conservation. But apart from community forests, rural livelihoods also depend on forest areas, designated as ‘domestic forests’ in this article, where local users enjoy informal customary rights. The specific contributions of community and domestic forests to the evolution of the prevailing socio-ecological system are assessed through a diachronic study of a village which is located in southern Cameroon. The Sustainable Livelihoods Framework is used to compare the progress of this social-ecological system between January 2008 and December 2009. The overall evolution of livelihoods was found to be positive during that period. In this case study, domestic forests and community forests are based on complementary models, which are often observed in southern Cameroon. Domestic forests constitute the basis of socio-economic development, while community forests might offer opportunities for a local-level carbon sequestration payment mechanism.     

Are lianas increasing in importance in temperate floodplain forests in the southeastern United States?

Floodplain forests of the southeastern United States are species rich, often with a dense and diverse liana community. Long-term trends in the density and distribution of lianas may indicate shifts in the composition of plant functional types in these forests. Liana communities in non-fragmented forests in Panama and across the Neotropics have increased in size and density over the last two decades of the 20th century. Are similar changes occurring in temperate forests? Evidence from long-term studies of liana communities in two floodplain forests in South Carolina support the findings from tropical forests. In second-growth forests of the Savannah River system, data from five 1-ha plots established in 1979 and monitored for 22 years indicate a steady increase in liana size and density. Likewise, in old-growth floodplain forests of the Congaree National Park, liana density has increased over 12 years in six 1-ha plots after Hurricane Hugo disturbed the forests in 1989. The increase in liana density and size in these floodplain forests of the southeastern United States is of sufficient magnitude to suggest that lianas are likely influencing stand dynamics in these forests. Consequently, we argue that lianas should be included in models of temperate bottomland forest development of the southeastern United States.     

宁化县木荷混交造林效果分析

对木荷与杉木、马尾松不同混交方式、混交比例的混交林、木荷纯林的生长效果进行调查分析,结果表明：木荷更适宜种植混交林,杉木×木荷3∶1比例混交林的木荷平均胸径、平均树高、单株材积及林分生长量均比杉木×木荷2∶1混交林及木荷纯林更好,具有显著性差异。混交方式以水平带状混交林分生长更好,水平带状混交木荷的平均胸径、平均树高、单株材积、平均冠幅均比垂直带状混交及木荷纯林高。杉木与木荷混交应控制好木荷的混交比例,否则会影响混交效果,而且到一定年龄时对林分应进行间伐,控制好林分密度,促进林分生长。     

毕棚沟风景区红叶彩林景观稳定性分析

以森林资源规划设计调查数据为数据源,定量分析毕棚沟风景区红叶彩林景观格局并运用能更加综合便捷地描述景观稳定性的主成分分析法构建研究区森林景观稳定性评价模型。研究表明:(1)风景区内主要红叶彩林景观类型有鲜卑花林、杜鹃林、四川落叶松林、高山柳林及忍冬林景观。(2)景观稳定性指标中最大斑块指数、斑块所占景观面积比例及斑块内聚力指数对研究区彩林景观类型稳定性影响程度较大。(3)鲜卑花林、杜鹃林、四川落叶松林及忍冬林的景观稳定性较高,花楸林、沙棘林、桦木林及杨树林的景观稳定性低。低稳定性景观类型宜采取改造低价值林分、抚育彩林、构建生态廊道等措施。研究为风景区森林旅游的可持续发展规划提供参考。     

论多功能森林

近一两年来, 在我国关于发展"多功能林业"的舆论日渐兴起。其中有些意见比较中肯, 提出在多年大力发展速丰林和生态公益林的情况下, 今后应当重视多功能森林。而有的意见则把过去存在的一切问题都归咎于没有发展"多功能林业", 认为只要发展多功能林业就可以解决一切问题, 甚至把"多功能林业"杜撰成一个新理论。忽视多功能森林经营, 在强调生态功能的同时弱化经济功能, 把大面积的森林(甚至人工林)划为生态公益林而限制采伐利用, 甚至限制各种抚育性采伐, 的确是我国林业发展上的一个偏差。但是, 如果因此就不再重视发展商品林和生态公益林, 把全国的森林都搞成多功能森林, 那同样也是不妥的。为此, 文中将结合国外的情况介绍, 阐述"多功能森林"的一些问题。