支持渔民专业合作社建设 推进渔业经营体制创新——浙江省渔民专业合作社发展调查

近年来,浙江省通过积极培育渔民专业合作经济组织,扎实推进渔业经营体制改革创新,对提升渔业产业化水平,增加渔业效益和渔民收入发挥了重要作用。一、浙江省渔民专业合作社发展过程改革开放以来,浙江省渔业经营体制先后经历了＂三级所有、队为基础＂、＂三定二奖＂、＂比例分成＂、     

以典型带动、规范渔业专业合作社运作——浙江省金华市农民（渔业）专业合作社发展情况分析

近年来，随着渔区经济体制改革的深化和渔业商品生产的发展，各地相继创办了各种形式的渔业专业合作社。这些渔业专业合作社在组织渔民、服务渔民等方面正发挥着越来越大的作用，成为渔区合作经济组织、社会组织发展过程中一个很有生命力的事物。     

渔业大县局长热议渔民合作社建设与发展

本刊讯 近日,全国农牧渔业大县局长轮训内陆渔业重点县渔业局长班在北京开班。在培训班上,内陆渔业班学员就促进渔业发展问题进行了热烈讨论,学员普遍重视渔民合作社建设与发展。学员普遍认为,合作社在提高渔民组织化程度、促进渔民增收、提高水产品质量安全水平等方面发挥了重要作用,但同时认为渔民合作社建设与发展中存在着诸多问题和困难,需要加大扶持和指导力度。学员反映,目前渔民合作社建设与发展中主要存在以下突出问题：     

寿光六项措施服务渔民创业

寿光市海洋与渔业局渔业技术指导组在渔业技术推广中深入渔业合作社、渔业养殖有限公司和各个渔业乡镇，六项措施服务渔民创业。     

陕西合阳发展水产养殖合作社带动渔民致富

<正>近年,陕西合阳渔业部门创新渔业发展模式、引导发展渔业合作社、组织渔民规模化生产、统一采购销售,水产养殖效益显著提升,渔民收入大幅增加,成为全省加快发展现代渔业的一大亮点。合阳县金兴水产养殖合作社是当地第一个合作社,坚持走科技化、标准化、信息化道路,充分发挥纽带、辐射、抱团的作用,做好服务联动,建立     

渔业专业合作社建设及发展方向

渔业专业合作社是现代渔业经济发展的一种趋势，它能解决渔民在生产经营中出现的和可能出现的各种问题，增强抵御市场风险的能力，提高渔业的组织化程度，更好地搞好渔业技术推广和服务，使渔业持续、健康、高效、快速的发展。但是，一些地方特别是渔业专业合作社牵头人，对其内部如何运作、对外如何开拓把握不准。笔者查阅相关资料，现对渔业专业合作社建设及发展方向作如下阐述。     

对水产技术推广机构指导渔民专业合作社建设与发展的几点思考

一、福建省渔民专业合作社发展现状 随着农村经营体制改革的不断深入,特别是《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的颁布实施,福建省渔业专业合作经济组织得到不断完善和发展,多种形式的渔民专业合作经济组织在渔区应运而生.据2010年统计,依法登记且比较规范的渔民专业合作社达1500多个.这些渔民专业合作社的发展壮大,有效促进了当地渔业经营规模化、产业化,提高了渔民抵御自然风险和市场风险的能力,渔民在增加收入的同时,其合法权益也进一步得到维护和保障.     

垦利县组织召开渔民专业合作社负责人座谈会

垦利县已注册成立的渔民专业合作社共15家，占东营市渔民专业合作社的一半以上。为了进一步了解渔民专业合作社发展、运营情况，促进渔民专业合作社的健康发展，落实好国家有关惠农政策，垦利县海洋与渔业局于3月24日组织召开了全县渔民专业合作负责人社座谈会，全县渔业专业合作社负责人和有关单位会员的代表共20余人参加了会议。     

石家庄渔业合作社推动渔业产业化经营

石家庄市渔业合作社的广泛建立和蓬勃发展。提高了全市渔民组织化程度．推动了渔业产业化经营。特别是近两年，在各方面都显示出了专业协会（合作社）的优越性．充分发挥了建一个合作社．活一片经济．富一方渔民的重要作用，被渔民称为“联心社、致富社”。     

文登市大力组织开展建设渔民专业合作社

文登市把渔民专业合作社的推广建设作为新形势下推进渔业产业化经营、健康化发展的重要举措，进一步完善渔民专业合作社的运作程序，拓宽渔民专业合作社的开展领域。     

渔船保险理赔中存在的问题及对策——以福建省渔业互助保险为例

近年来,福建省渔船投保综合险数量和理赔案件数量不断增长,渔船理赔过程中由于渔船互助保险机构理赔人员的素质偏低、事故查勘专业程度不高以及渔民对保险的认知不足等,影响着渔船互助保险业务的发展。通过对以上理赔过程中存在的问题进行详细分析,提出创新理赔人员业务培训,加强渔民会员对渔业互助保险的认知,建立渔业互助保险机构、渔民会员、船厂三方的沟通机制等方法和措施,提高福建省渔船保险理赔服务,为渔业互助保险理赔业务的可持续发展打下坚实的基础。     

Developing co-management in an artisanal gill net fishery of a deep hydro-electric reservoir in Sri Lanka

Abstract Victoria, is a recently (1984) impounded, deep, hydro-electric reservoir in Sri Lanka with an established commercial fishery. Participatory appraisal of the fishing community revealed decreasing reliance on fishing income with many fishermen moving away to supplementary occupations because of declining fish catches. Illegal fishing and theft of fishing gear resulting from open access, difficulties encountered in enforcing fisheries regulations and the need for fishermen to find alternative sources of income during low water levels are the major management problems. The top–down centralized management approach previously practised was ineffective in addressing any of these issues. Therefore, the possibilities and limitations for introducing co-management as an alternative management strategy were discussed. Financial hardship coupled with perceived benefits through state sponsored welfare schemes caused a positive attitude change among fishermen, making them respond favourably to fishery management. Establishing a licensing system for controlled access, ensuring greater user-group participation through equitable distribution of state sponsored benefits among members, attempting to enforce penalties for illegal fishing linked with surprise checks to enforce management regulations, and obtaining stakeholder perceptions regarding management issues are some of the recent steps taken by the Fishermen's Co-operative Society which would positively contribute towards developing effective co-management in this reservoir.     

关于渔民增收的对策研究

渔业是国民经济的基础产业,又是“三农”的组成部分。渔民作为农民中的一个特殊群体,有着自己的特殊性。文章在对渔民特点进行分析的基础上,揭示分析了渔民增收中存在的主要问题及渔民增收下降的主要原因,针对如何增加渔民收入提出了几点建议,为政府出台相关扶持政策和措施提供参考。     

舟山群岛新区渔民增收的实证研究

以舟山群岛新区为例,在阐述1990年到2010年渔民人均纯收入变化的基础上,采用收入来源结构分析模型深入分析了渔民各项收入来源的内在变化规律,研究认为：家庭经营收入对渔民增收呈负向贡献;工资性收入对渔民增收的拉动效应大;财产性和转移性收入对渔民增收的作用明显。同时,从家庭经营收入、工资性收入、财产性和转移性收入的影响因素三个方面进一步揭示了影响渔民增收的深层因素,最终提出促进渔民增收的建议,促使新区建设的成果惠及渔民。     

Fisheries management using a pooling fishery system with a competitive sharing rule as a remedy for the “tragedy of the commons”

We propose the concept of a pooling fishery system with a competitive sharing rule as a remedy for the tragedy of the commons without the need to consider the free-riding problem or dissatisfaction of more skillful or eager members. Each fisherman receives his share of pooled income according to his level of achievement, relative to those of other members, of pre-agreed common objectives such as the conservation of depleted stocks. After analyzing the system using the game theoretic approach, we examine its performance as a fisheries management system using a computer simulation. In our example, this system was proven to suppress increases in fishing effort by game theoretic interactions among fishermen, to maintain the stock size at a high level, and to increase the average fishing income. Although there is still much scope for improving this system for practical use, the concept of this system has the potential to contribute to the attainment of sustainable fisheries management.     

关于发展渔民合作组织的思考与建议

随着经济的发展,独立经营的小规模群众渔业已渐渐不再适应市场的发展。作为顺应市场经济发展要求的渔民合作组织,对我国渔业及渔民都有着很好的保护作用,在增加渔民收入方面也是效果显著。文章针对渔民合作组织发展的重要性以及国外的先进实例做了详细阐述,并从一个全新视角对我国渔民合作组织发展提出了思考与建议,以期更好地推进我国渔民合作组织发展,促进我国渔业整体发展。     

Eutrophication and Recreational Fishing on the Finnish Coast of the Gulf of Finland: A Mail Survey

The Gulf of Finland is one of the most eutrophic areas in the Baltic Sea and is also the main fishing area for more than 150 000 recreational fishermen in Finland. The findings of a mail survey showed that the most important species for the recreational fishery is perch, Perca fluviatilis L. There is no clear evidence that eutrophication has had a harmful effect on the stocks of perch and other species considered important. Heavy fouling of gear, particularly gill nets, is the most acute problem caused by eutrophication to the local recreational fishery. The rapid fouling of passive gear was experienced by 67–86% of all fishermen in the three study areas. A general deterioration in water quality was perceived because only 2–14% of fishermen rated the water quality as excellent. However, a minority of recreational fishermen seem to have adapted or grown accustomed to the deterioration in water quality. Even in the two most eutrophic study areas, 23–31% of recreational fishermen considered that an improvement in local water quality would not benefit their own fishing in any way.     

Key principles of ecosystem‐based management: the fishermen's perspective

Despite the growing popularity of ecosystem‐based management (EBM) in national legislation and in research and institutional literature, there is often an implementation gap ‘on the ground’, impeding widespread adoption in fisheries. This gap reflects in part the differing understandings of EBM held by fishermen and by management institutions. To explore and seek to close this gap, the underlying principles of EBM considered priorities by fishermen were systematically compared with the priorities identified in the published literature. The fishermen's priorities were determined by asking Atlantic Canadian fishermen to identify the EBM principles they consider most important. Four priority principles were identified: Sustainability, Stakeholder Involvement, Develop Long‐Term Objectives and Use of All Forms of Knowledge. The latter two were not frequently noted as priorities in the literature, while some literature priorities were less commonly chosen by fishermen, indicating a significant difference in perspectives on EBM. The rationale for fishermen's choice of priorities was explored by analysing the fishery management issues they raised – many directly connected to the above four priorities. In addition, another principle, Commit to Principles of Equity, often arose as an implicit priority among fishermen. We suggest that success in implementation of EBM may depend on reconciling differing priorities among its underlying principles, and combining knowledge and expertise from fishermen with research and institutional sources. The comparative methodology used here, which could be replicated elsewhere, should lead to better recognition of local challenges in EBM implementation and encourage support for EBM, to further its contribution to sustainable fisheries.     

环北部湾渔民对休渔制度认知程度的调查分析

通过问卷的方式，对环北部湾地区的渔民进行了休渔制度认知程度的调查，结果表明，渔民对休渔制度普遍持认可的态度，但是对休渔制度的具体实践提出了不同的看法。在分析渔民对休渔制度持不同态度的深层次原因的基础上，提出了改进休渔制度的建议。     

浙江舟山市捕捞渔民转产转业工作的探讨

在中日、中韩渔业协定等众多因素的制约下,面临重重困境,渔民转产转业退出捕捞的"舞台"是一种必然,而渔民的转产转业关系到和谐社会的构建,关系到渔业经济社会的稳定,因此解决好渔民的转产转业问题具有及其重要的意义。本文从客观、主观两个方面及不同层次阐述了舟山捕捞渔民转产转业面临的困境,从社会长远稳定、构建和谐社会等方面进行分析并从战略实施的角度提出了相应的解决策略。