THE DIRECTING MECHANISM OF V-NOTCHF WITHJN V-NOTCHJNG BLASTING

Based on the blasting theory and "Fracture Mechanics " , the directing effect mechanism of V-netch in V-rotching blasting is studied and the positive splitting and directional explanding of crack within V-notching blasting and the priority of crack's expanding in the V-notch axle-plane etc are expounded. It's just these fracture characteristics mentioned above that ensure the fine control of the cracking plane.     

宁南黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复与重建中的土壤水分变化研究

针对宁南黄土丘陵区存在的生态脆弱、环境恶化的突出问题,对黄土丘陵区不同生态恢复过程中的土壤水分变化进行了研究。研究结果表明：在退化山地的植被恢复过程中, 0~60cm土层,土壤水分含量随恢复年限的增长而增加,在60cm土层以下,土壤含水量随着退耕年限的不断增长不断减小;对于不同恢复方式的土壤水分含量,88542水平沟>人工草地>鱼鳞坑>天然草地;对于不同植被类型的土壤水分含量,草地>灌木地>林地;对于不同地形的土壤水分含量,阴坡>半阴坡>阳坡,坡下部>坡中部>坡上部,并且随着坡度的不断增加,土壤水分含量不断减小。     

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Performance in Horizontal Heating Section of Separate Type Heat Pipe

The heat transfer perfomance in horizontal heating section of separate type heatpipe is experimentally studied.The effect of fluid-loaded rate and slope angle on heat transfer perfo-mance in horizontal heating section is reseached.A nondimension heat transfer criterion relation isobtained by regression of experimental data.     

黄土丘陵区小流域横断面土壤水分的空间分布特征

以黄土丘陵区的纸坊沟小流域为研究对象,研究了横断面上土壤水分空间变化特征,得出如下规律：①从总体来看,土壤水分含量大致是阴坡高于阳坡,坡下高于坡上,地形起着决定性作用,但植被的影响也非常重要。②在小流域断面水分分布中,乔木林地的平均含水量最低,灌木林次之,草本植被最高。表明丘陵区最适宜的植被应是草本植被和灌木群落。③植被的生长弱化了断面地形变化的影响,刺槐的阴阳坡、上下坡的土壤水分含量趋于接近,柠条的生长良好时的大耗水量也使阴坡和坡下的水分优势减弱,长势良好的草本群落使梁峁坡上的土壤水分状况优于其他坡位。④纸坊沟小流域除阴坡草本植被外,全部有土壤干层的存在,但并不影响植被的正常生长,因此,在植被恢复良好的地区,干层的产生是正常的。     

芹菜保鲜研究

研究了普通冰预冷冷藏和镁盐冰预冷冷藏芹菜的方法。冷藏温度为５－７℃，镁盐溶液的浓度为０．２％，在１５天的贮藏期中，分别进行了６项生理生化指标规定。时测定结果的分析表明，用镁盐冰预冷冷藏的芹菜，其各项指标变化幅度最小；普通冰预冷冷藏的芹菜，短期贮藏（７天左右）效果比收好。冰预冷低温冷藏可以抑制芹菜衰老，减缓芹菜代谢，保鲜效果明显。此外，镁盐冰预冷冷藏对芹菜保绿效果明显。     

Seismic Effect Analysis of Cutting Blasting Digging in High Way

A seismic effect is main harm in engineering blasting. By analyzing Seismic velocity and frequency of the main control factors of them, according to the data measured on the spot, the relation formula among Seismic velocity and dynamite and the distance between blasting fountain are obtained. Effects on buildings produced by vibration frequency and differences between blasting earthquake and natively seismic are analyzed. The calculation of blasting safety distance and selecting standard of breakage judge are studied and validated. The results of experiment and research indicate that we should attach importance to blasting seismic rules and effects on different buildings in order that basting techniques bring much economy benefits and reduce harm of blasting vibration as possible as much.     

Research on Control and Safety Analysis in Demolition Blasting of Tower Buildings

In this paper,integrating the principium of demolition blasting of buildings and the practice,the general mechanism and affection factors of blasting harms such as blasting shock,collapsing shock,blasting rock,blasting shock wave and blasting noises produced in demolition blasting of buildings are analyzed.The safety problems existed in demolition blasting of buildings are discussed from three aspects such as the unsafe behavior of "person",the unsafe state of "substance"and the unsafe condition of "environment".Based on an engineering example,the difficulty of safety blasting of engineering example was analyzed,on this basis,corresponding effective safety defending measures and the method of safety control are brought forward.This study is significant to the construction safety and control of demolition blasting of similarity tower building in practice.     

A Synthetic Optimum Seeking Method for Blasting Plans in City Environment

The conditions of city environment to restrict blasting engineering are introduced into the standard of evaluating the blasting plan.Using fuzzy mathematics, a synthetic optimum seeking method is established for the blasting plans of loosening rockmass in this paper, The method was applied to a rockmass-blasting project, and the results demonstrated that the method is quite effective.     

Rockfalls Movement mode and Movement Features by Field Tests

Field test is a better way to find sensitive factors, explore movement law and get movement parameters in rockfall study. To analyze the influence of rockfall shape, size and movement patterns on its movement law, 112 rockfall field tests are implemented. Statistics of horizontal movement distance and velocity under the influence of rockfall shape, size, and rebounce time are conducted. The results show that no matter what shape rockfall is, its movement mode are limited to rolling and bouncing, and there is no apparent sliding section. And about 59% test rockfalls are intercepted by the platform of slope and roadside trench which can be selected as passive mitigation measures. The spherical, square and short cylinder rockfalls have longer horizontal movement distance, bigger faster velocity, and the same movement features. But the rectangular and sheet rockfalls have poor movement capacity, and their movement features are similar to that of the long cylinder rockfall. To sum up, the cylinder assumption for rockfall movement calculation is more realistic. The rockfalls with smaller quality have the worse movement capacity but the greater randomness. When the rockfalls roll mainly, the kinetic energy loss is serious, and both horizontal movement distance and velocity are greater when it bounces mainly. Furthermore, when rockfall collides with the slope surface, its movement parameters and direction will change dramatically.     

考虑渗流和地震时的砂土边坡稳定性计算

基于极限平衡理论，以砂土边坡为研究对象，推导了渗流和地震存在时拟静力法和拟动力法边坡安全系数的计算表达式。通过程序求解，与已有算例对比表明，计算结果基本一致，验证了2种方法解析式的合理性。参数分析表明，水位越高，边坡失稳越严重，水力梯度与安全系数基本为线性关系。渗流方向向下时，稳定性随水力梯度的增加而增大；渗流方向向上时，变化规律相反。水平地震加速度系数对稳定性的影响剧烈，竖向地震加速度系数对稳定性影响较小，简化计算可以忽略不计。最终得出拟静力法的解析式，简单、实用，而拟动力法则可以更为全面地考察砂土边坡稳定性随时间变化的特点。     

Nonlinear Analysis of Unloading RockMass Related to the Shiplock High Slopeof Three- Gorges Project

According to the characteristics of the shiplock high slope of Three- Gorges Project, this paper simplified the rock mass of the high slope as orthogonally anisotropical media.On the basis of recongnizing the nonlinear mechanics of excavation unloading,the paper prsents the nonlinear mechanics calculating method ,the theory of changing stiffen analysis. The calculating results agree fairly close to the measured one.By the excavating calculation of shiplock high slope, the paper shows that the rock mass will produce the large deformations,which have the large difference with the results of the old studies     

Couple Analysis of the Slice and Gravity Increasing Methods of Slope Stability

The finite element or finite difference method and the limit equilibrium method, with their respective merits, were used to analyze soil slope stability in detail. On the basis of the slice and gravity increase methods, a fundamental principle of couple analysis, and a procedure for calculating the slope safety factor were put forward. ANSYS finite element software and finite difference software FLAC were used to determine the most dangerous sliding face and the stress-stain in slopes. The slope safety factor was determined using the slices limit equilibrium method. The calculation shows that the result obtained using couple analysis is close to the results produced using other methods in the example, and the analysis of the effects of the intensity indices is more precise. The results can provide a basis for consolidating design of the sliding slope.     

Smooth blasting design and optimization of large spanurban highway tunnels

Vibration resistance can be incorporated into blasting designs to avoid damages caused by the excavation of large span tunnels in busy urban areas, but only by basing excavation design schemes on actual situations. In view of the actual situation in the Jahua tunnel in Chongqing, P. R. China, research was conducted to identify a relevant explosion scheme. The research was based on theoretical analysis and in situ testing. Face step excavation was considered in the broadening band A, and upper drift excavation was adopted in broadening bands B, C, D and E. We simultaneously proposed selection criteria for smooth blasting parameters and the construction layout of broadening band B. Based on a regression analysis of the blasting vibration monitoring results, a spread orderliness of blasting vibration was drawn. Explosion parameters optimization measures were put forward, selected from the maximum charge quantity, millisecond blasting, reasonable blasting time difference, and the excavation plan. Field testing achieved satisfactory results. These findings will play an important role in guiding excavation blasting construction of tunnel projects and assuring the safety of ground buildings.     

湘南山区5个立地因子对楠竹生长的影响

分析了湖南常宁5种立地因子对楠竹平均胸径、平均竹高以及株数生长的影响。结果表明:(1)小地形部位、土层厚度与坡度对楠竹的生长影响较大,存在显著差异或极显著差异,而不同坡向与土壤类型对楠竹的生长则没有显著差异;(2)小地形部位的上坡不适合楠竹的生长而不宜栽种,其余,河滩、山冲(山洼)、下坡以及中坡均可栽种楠竹;(3)土层厚度以薄层土(40cm)不太适应于楠竹的生长,造林时应选择在中、厚层土壤上,最好是厚层土,尤其是高产竹林的营造更应如此;(4)酸性紫色土与石灰土两种土壤类型,阳坡与阴坡均适应于楠竹的生长,但阳坡,酸性紫色土上生长的楠竹相对更好。这些结论对同类地区的楠竹栽培有着重大的意义。     

Development of Investigation on the V-notched Rock Blasting

A brief review on the origin of V-notched blasting and its application in engineering is given. A study on the fracturing mechanism and stress intensity factor at the tip of V-notch and parameter of the V-notched rock blasting is introduced based on reference given in this paper. It represents an idea of spiral V-notched blasting at last.     

Finite Element Reliability Analysis of the Stability of a Slope

The whole reliability index of a slope is derived through using the strength reduction method in the finite element analysis, which can make use of the former finite element program and can be used to both linear and nonlinear finite element analysis. The affection of the evaluation of derivative and the selection of reliability analysis methods is discussed, which shows that it is very important to select the type of limit state function of the slope stability. A new iterafive formula, which can consider the correlation of fundamental parameters, is proposed for FORM, and the convergence is very well.     

A STATIC STRESS ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF STRATIFICATION PLANE OF ROCK MASSES ON SMOOTH BLASTING

The influenfial factors of stratification plane to smooth blasting are studied according to the ti eory of smooth blasting and the anslysis of static stress. The results show that the angle p between the maximum principal plane and the rertical line of stratification plane has some influence on the fracture of rock masses.     

Reasonable Smooth Blasting Factor Used in Tunnel

The fact of tunnel smooth blasting is those reduce over break and minimize fracturing of the rock at the boundary of an excavation. The select ruler and assured method of smooth blasting parameter are discussed, and the quality check standard of the smooth blasting, based on the under and over-break (5~15 mm), the circumferential hole mark ratio (>50%) and rock fragment, are found. A good benefit is gotten as these used in one tunnel.     

Laboratory similar model test investigation of prestressed anchor rope strengthened slope fractured rock mass

Now in the highway construction of the mountain area, fractured rock mass slope always strengthened by the anchor rope. In order to investigate the strengthen effect of the slope fractured rock mass strengthened by the prestressed anchor rope, laboratory similar model test was designed and preceded. By the self-made facilities, a new method of modeling prestressed anchor rope was used in the test. Nylon ropes and the aluminum flakes were used to model the anchor rope and discrete rock mass joints. Gypsum based mix material was used to model rock. According to the real slope engineering site circumstances, six sorts of different disposed prestressed nylon rope strengthened model specimens and the specimens without prestressed nylon rope were made by the similar theory. With the test results, the strength and deformation properties of different model specimens were investigated. Comparison to different anchor effects of the different model specimens was made. The final analysis shows that in order to make full use of the anchor rope's strengthen ability, anchor rope should be disposed perpendicularly to the fracture structure rock mass's main joint direction and should be placed in the upper or top area of the fractured rock mass slope.     

Simulation Study of Water Quality for the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing

In order to survey the degree of stability of dangerous rock slope and get reliable theoretical foundation about the slope restoration, earth stress measuring is performed in the engineering project through drilling on the slope surface. The survey is conducted by means of complete temperature compensation and automatic recording. In terms of experimental data, the computing ram of earth stress works out the magnitude, direction, inclination of the earth stress and their distribution. The result supplies theoretical base for the design and working of slope and dangerous rock control engineering, which has been proved to fine effects in the fields of society, security,environment, and economy in its practice.