世界级极危物种———崖柏球果特征与出种量的研究

通过对崖柏球果的长度、宽度和质量以及出种量的调查和统计分析发现,崖柏天然分布的雪宝山和大巴山两个不同地域崖柏球果的长、宽以及风干质量之间不存在显著差异,而同一地域不同崖柏植株之间的球果特征存在显著差异.在崖柏球果中,无种子的球果占7.1%;每个球果的出种量较少,仅为3粒;崖柏种子的千粒质量为1.126 4 g;同一崖柏植株不同球果之间的出种量没有明显差异,说明同一植株的有性生殖过程是同步的,球果的发育程度比较接近.     

不同杉木半同胞家系种子品质比较分析研究

为探讨不同杉木Cunninghamia Lanceolata半同胞家系种子的品质特征,对江西省赣州市崇义县高坌林场省级杉木良种基地二代杉木种子园20个半同胞家系种子的球果鲜质量、种子总质量、出籽率、种子千粒质量、优良度等进行比较研究。结果表明,不同的杉木半同胞种子在球果鲜质量、种子总质量、种子千粒质量和优良度方面均有显著性差异(P0.05)。73号半同胞家系种子整体品质最好,其球果鲜质量、种子总质量最大,分别达到0.4067kg,16.233 5 g,种子的千粒质量、优良度、出籽率分别为8.136 0 g,44%,3.99%,且千粒质量和优良度显著大于绝大部分家系种子(P0.05)。29,31,35号半同胞家系种子各项品质指标均靠前,整体品质较好。杉木半同胞家系种子的出籽率与球果鲜质量、种子总质量、千粒质量、优良度值均不存在单一的正相关性。半同胞家系的种子品质与种子品质指标的离散程度没有相关性。     

1.5代杉木种子园不同无性系结实及种子差异

为了解杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)无性系的种实特性,对融水贝江河林场1.5代杉木种子园27个杉木无性系球果产量、形态特征及种子性状等11个指标之间的相关性进行比较和分析,用主成分分析法对27个无性系进行综合评价。结果表明:27个杉木无性系球果产量达到了显著差异,球果形态特征及种子性状达到了极显著差异,27个无性系球果产量、球果特征以及种子性状之间的变异系数最大的是球果产量(77.74%),其次是果体积(50.31%)、发芽势(40.41%)、单果重(37.54),发芽率(35.80%)、优良度(26.75%)。不同无性系的球果纵径、球果横径、单果重、果体积与千粒重呈极显著正相关;发芽率与发芽势、优良度呈极显著正相关,与涩粒率呈显著负相关;发芽势与优良度极呈显著正相关,与涩粒率呈极显著负相关;球果产量与球果形态特征及种子性状相关性不显著。根据综合评价结果,初步筛选出8个球果产量和种实性状兼优的无性系,可作为高世代种子园的备选材料。     

沙地樟子松种实特征研究

沙地樟子松球果大小及质量受林龄等诸多因素影响,因此,开展了对沙地樟子松幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林种实特征研究,结果表明:沙地樟子松幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林的球果及种子质量差别较大,球果大小依次为幼龄林中龄林成熟林;球果内种子总数依次为中龄林成熟林=幼龄林;成熟粒所占球果内种子总数的比例依次为中龄林幼龄林成熟林;空粒所占球果内种子总数的比例依次为成熟林幼龄林中龄林;幼龄林、中龄林、成熟林种子千粒质量相差不大;种子发芽率依次为中龄林成熟林幼龄林。     

云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状变异分析

以弥渡云南松种子园38个种内杂交组合的球果和种子为研究对象,测定球果和种子的单果重、千粒重和种翅宽等7个表型性状,采用方差分析、变异系数及相关分析等分析方法,探讨云南松种内杂交组合的球果和种子表型性状的变异。结果表明:云南松球果和种子表型性状在杂交组合和杂交组合类别间均存在着较丰富的变异,且前者变异大于后者;在杂交组合变异中,球果表型性状变异大于种子表型性状变异,球果和种子的质量性状变异均大于二者的形态性状变异;在杂交组合类别间,千粒重在个别类别间差异显著,其他性状则在多数类别间差异显著。球果和种子大部分表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关,其中球果质量越大,球果形态、种子质量和种翅宽就越大;球果形态越大,种子质量就越大;随着种子质量的增大,种翅宽也变大。     

班克松闭合型干型和湿型球果人工取种试验

通过对班克松闭合型干果和鲜果人工取种试验研究,结果表明：当年鲜球果和干球果在280℃高温条件下烘烤,种鳞开裂的时间分别为12s和10s;鲜球果高温开裂后,鳞片在12d之内张度达到5.1mm,种子从鳞片中脱出;干球果在高温开裂后,用喷水方法增加球果含水量,种鳞开张度达到10．2mm,种子脱出。     

班克松闭合型球果脱种方法及条件研究

班克松球果分开裂型和闭合型两种，闭合型球果在树上多年不开裂。章采用化学试剂浸泡脱脂和控温干燥箱加温干燥两种方法，试验了班克松闭合型球果的取种方法及条件。结果表明，用化学试剂脱脂法对球果开裂效果不明显，而用控温干燥箱加热温度为300℃，时间为27s时球果种鳞开裂整齐，种子发芽率高，其他试验各处理效果均较差。     

不同林龄红松人工林优树选择技术的研究

通过对红松的生长指标(树高、胸径、冠幅、侧枝长、侧枝粗、活枝下高)以及结实性状指标(种子长、种子宽、千粒质量、出仁率、球果长、球果宽、出种率、单株产种量)调查,采用单因素方差分析和多重比较方法对不同林龄红松人工林优树选择进行研究,结果表明:红松人工林选优的最佳林分的林龄为50~70a。     

极度濒危植物毛果木莲的种子检测及育苗技术研究

毛果木莲是受国家Ⅱ级重点保护的极度濒危植物,仅分布于云南河口及屏边的狭小区域,目前仅发现10株结果的单株。对10株结果单株进行分株采种,开展种子质量检测和种子育苗技术研究。结果表明,①毛果木莲平均每株结果 192个,每个球果有种子87粒,球果径38.6 mm,球果长80.51 mm,球果重49.54 g,心皮数74个,种子长6.45 mm,种子宽4.96 mm,种子厚3.02 mm,单粒种子重0.045 g;②相关性分析表明,毛果木莲的球果重量、种子重量的变异系数均大于0.05,表明这10株毛果木莲的球果重量、种子重量差异不显著;③苗木生长健壮,1 a生苗高达37.9 cm,地径达0.42 cm,苗木生长旺季为7～9月;④相关性分析结果,苗高、地径生长与种子质量成正相关,要培植生长健壮的苗木必须选用大粒的种子。     

施肥对长白落叶松结实量及种子品质的影响

经过29年对长白落叶松（Larix olgensis）母树林施肥试验,结果表明：施肥能显著提高长白落叶松结实量,平均增产43.98％;施肥也显著提高了长白落叶松种子品质,种子千粒质量提高30.67％、球果出种率提高38.50％、1个球果含种子数提高22.92％、种子饱满度提高22.03％、种子发芽率提高19.96％.     

Germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata Mast. provenances

We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices.Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were collected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distribution of P. densata in China to assess variation in germination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germinated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with climatic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive differentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.     

不同钠盐对班克松种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液处理班克松种子,测定发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,研究钠盐胁迫对班克松种子发芽的影响。结果表明:低浓度(10、20 mmol·L-1)的NaCl、Na2SO4可以促进种子萌发,随着浓度增加,抑制作用加强,250 mmol·L-1的各项指标降到最低。Na2CO3溶液对种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,浓度相同时,Na2CO3胁迫下的各指标值均小于NaCl、Na2SO4。250 mmol·L-1时各项指标为0。由此可以得出,班克松种子具有耐盐性,但对不同钠盐的敏感性不同,对NaCl、Na2SO4的耐受性要高于Na2CO3。     

Germination and early seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densata</Emphasis> Mast. provenances

We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were collected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distribution of P. densata in China to assess variation in germination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germinated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with climatic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive differentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.     

樟子松种子萌发过程中碳水化合物代谢变化规律

通过测定樟子松(Pinus sylvestris vat.mongolica)种子萌发过程中碳水化合物的代谢变化,结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,樟子松种子的胚乳中还原糖、淀粉和总糖含量及淀粉酶活性变化较为明显,种胚中淀粉含量和酶活性变化不明显.     

黄松、班克松引种试验研究

从美国引进黄松、班克松种子，以油松为对照，分别进行多点育苗，并营造就对比验林。5年来对其生物生态学特性进行了详细的观测和对比分析。试验结果初步表明：黄松和班克松在我省陇南等地区适应性强、生长稳定。5年生黄松平均树高0．24m，平均地径为0．65cm；班克构平均高为0．42m，平均地径为0．71cm。班克松5年生当年高生长年平均为10．51cm，油松只有7．58cm，地径生长也与油松接近。     

樟子松种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质代谢的变化规律

通过测定樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)种子萌发过程中脂肪和蛋白质的代谢变化,结果表明,在种子萌发过程中,樟子松种胚、胚乳中脂肪含量随发芽时间延长而下降;酶活性的升降不一定与其作用底物含量的增减相一致,作用于贮藏物质的酶并不是在浸种后立即就表现出活性;总蛋白质含量在种子萌发过程中变...     

楸树与滇楸种间杂交的初步研究

采用常规杂交方法,开展楸树与滇楸种间杂交育种,对结实率、果实性状、千粒质量、有胚率、发芽性状及1年生株高、胸径等数据进行统计分析。结果表明:父本对结实率的影响不显著,母本对结实率影响显著;父本对果实性状的影响均不显著,母本对果实长度的影响显著;父母本对千粒质量的影响均不显著;父母本对有胚率、发芽势、发芽率的影响显著或极显著。不同杂交组合间株高和胸径存在极显著差异,杂交组合8-12×滇3表现最好,其株高为2.09 m,胸径达到1.38 cm,杂交组合8-13×滇2和5-8×滇2表现也较好,依据株高、胸径进行苗期早期选择的潜力较大;表现最差的组合是8-14×滇2,株高1.69 m,胸径1.00 cm。     

Fire intensity and serotiny: response of germination and enzymatic activity in seeds of Pinus halepensis Mill. from southern Italy

? Context

The Mediterranean Basin is a fire-prone area. Pinus halepensis Mill. is a naturally growing conifer which is frequently used for reforestation and restoration as it displays some degree of adaption to fire. One of the traits conferring tolerance to fire is the frequent presence of serotinous cones that are thought to protect seeds from fire damage.

? Aim

We checked for the physiological responses of seeds to different intensities of fire and related them to the degree of serotiny of the cones.

? Methods

Germination percentage, mean germination rate and enzymatic activity (??-amylase and protease) were recorded for seeds burned either free or enclosed in cones. We included as experimental factors the following: fire intensity, serotiny and time during which seeds were stored in cones after harvesting and germination stage.

? Results

Burned seeds (released and enclosed) developed in serotinous cones exhibited higher heat insulation. In released seeds, germination was decreasing according to increasing fire intensity, although we found differences depending on site, serotiny and time stored after harvesting. The enzymatic activity was also found to be related to serotiny and fire intensity.

? Conclusion

Serotiny is an adaptive trait increasing the tolerance to fire which should be promoted in natural and restored populations.     

红松播种种子不同处理方法效果的研究

通过对红松种子进行3种不同方法的处理,在播种后,调查和分析不同处理方法对苗木生长情况的影响.结果表明,不同处理方法对苗木的发芽时间、出苗时间及出苗率影响较大;对苗木的高、径等性状指标的影响较大.3种方法中最好的是越冬埋藏法,其平均苗高4.4 cm,平均地径2.49 mm,生物量全干质量31.14 g.