7种草坪草的根系生长量及分形特征比较研究

以王朝早熟禾、凤凰高羊茅、普通脱壳狗牙根、艾森特黑麦草、三叶草、百脉根、弯叶画眉草为供试材料，研究不同种类草坪草的根系生长能力及分形特征。研究结果表明：凤凰高羊茅、普通脱壳狗牙根、弯叶画眉草的冠部生长茂盛。根系发达，根系生长能力较强。     

土壤铜污染对5种草坪草生长指标的影响

通过模拟土壤铜污染处理,对2种暖季型(狗牙根Cynodon dactylon、结缕草Zoysia matrella)和3种冷季型(高羊茅Festuca arundinacea、草地早熟禾Poa pratensis、多年生黑麦草Lolium perenne)草坪草种的生长指标进行了分析.结果表明:铜污染处理对狗牙根草坪的地上部分叶片生长量的影响不显著,对根系生长量和叶绿素含量的影响也明显小于结缕草;铜污染处理未引起冷季型草坪的叶绿素含量的下降,对高羊茅草坪的密度影响不显著,对叶片生长量的影响也明显小于草地早熟禾和多年生黑麦草,而草地早熟禾虽然叶片生长受到了严重的抑制,但根系生长未受到显著影响,也表现出了对土壤铜污染的一定的耐性.因此,铜污染土壤的植被恢复和绿化可以选用暖季型的狗牙根草种或者冷季型的高羊茅或草地早熟禾草种.     

7份云南野生画眉草属植物农艺性状的比较研究

选择7份云南分布较为广泛的野生画眉草属植物为研究对象,以引进种弯叶画眉草和法恩高羊茅为对照,对供试植物的物候期、分蘖性、饲草产量、常规营养成分、再生草株高及产量等农艺性状进行初步研究。结果表明:知风草和黑穗画眉草野生资源农艺性状差异较大。4号、5号和6号黑穗画眉草和2号知风草的分蘖性、再生性、产草量、再生草产量、营养价值等几个指标均名列前茅,其粗蛋白含量高于弯叶画眉草,而粗纤维含量低于弯叶画眉草,2号知风草的粗蛋白含量甚至超过了法恩高羊茅。农艺性状综合比较,4号、5号、6号黑穗画眉草和2号知风草具有进一步开展优良牧草品种选育的潜力及生态功能利用的前景。     

禾草对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性研究

利用人工接菌方法测定了10种草坪禾草,包括多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、紫羊茅、中华结缕草、硬羊茅、草地早熟禾、加拿大早熟禾、匍匐剪股颖、细弱剪股颖、狗牙根;13种禾本科牧草,包括一年生黑麦草、鸭茅、碱茅、扁穗冰草、沙生冰草、披碱草、老芒麦、杂交小米草、猫尾草、弯叶画眉草、无芒雀麦、百喜草、苏丹草;以及4种禾本科作物,包括燕麦、甜高粱、小麦、玉米对禾顶囊壳玉米变种的抗病性。结果表明,多数供试禾草对其具有免疫能力,多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、草地早熟禾、小麦高度抗侵染;无芒雀麦和玉米具有中等程度的抗侵染能力,但抗侵入能力较差;高粱属的苏丹草和甜高粱中度感病,属于中感作物。多年生黑麦草和草地早熟禾品种间存在着抗病性差异,有免疫品种和高抗品种。     

长江1号苇状羊茅在边坡植被群落中的变化规律

通过对长江1号苇状羊茅与4种草种混播后的草坪观测,发现其与普通狗牙根组合对边坡植被覆盖度较好,达到95%。4种混播草坪的根系地下分布也以长江1号苇状羊茅+普通狗牙根组合根系之间的交错程度最致密,同时通过对4种混播草坪护坡效果及长江1号苇状羊茅的优势度测定,得出长江1号苇状羊茅适宜在四川地区用于边坡护理,长江1号苇状羊茅与狗牙根混播护坡固土效果较好。     

铜尾矿对五种牧草生长情况的影响

通过盆栽实验,分析了铜尾矿对五种牧草生长发育和重金属抗性的影响。结果表明,百喜草、狗牙根、苇状羊茅能在铜尾矿上正常生长,实验草种的优劣势比较结果依次为:百喜草1.00>狗牙根0.98>苇状羊茅0.85>黑麦草0.73>苏丹草0.55。百喜草、狗牙根、苇状羊茅被认为是铜尾矿植被恢复与重建的优良先锋草种,并具有较强的重金属抗性。     

几种草坪草对SO_2的净化效果研究

贵州省瓮福磷肥厂内因SO2污染,建植的草坪成坪后20~30 d开始出现SO2污染伤害症状,但伏生臂型草、假俭草、狗牙根、根丛型高羊茅和黔草1号高羊茅表现出一定的抗SO2污染和吸收净化能力。从含硫量的相对值分析,吸收和积累硫的能力依次为:狗牙根>黔草1号高羊茅>根茎型高羊茅>假俭草>伏生臂型草。结果表明草坪草对SO2的吸收和积累与距离污染源的远近有关,与草坪草在污染的空气条件下暴露时间的长短成正相关关系。     

不同草种草坪蒸散量及各草种抗旱性的研究

对草地早熟禾（午夜）、高羊茅（交战2号）、多年生黑麦草（百客来）、狗牙根（普通型）及结缕草（青岛结缕草）等5种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量及各草种的抗旱性进行了对比试验研究，发现在土壤水分充足时，冷地型草草坪的蒸散量显著比暖地型草草坪的高（P＜0.01）；3种冷地型草草坪间的差异较小；狗牙根草坪的蒸散量显著比结缕草草坪的高（P＜0.01）。在水分胁迫条件下，暖地型草的抗干旱胁迫能力明显比3种冷地型草坪草的高。黑麦草与高羊茅的耗水量大，土壤含水量变幅大，土壤水吸力值高，叶片相对含水量及水热下降快，萎蔫早，保水性比草地早熟禾的差；在开始萎蔫时高羊茅根系的吸水能力更强，说明它具有更高的抗干旱胁迫能力。     

洛湛铁路边坡稳定和绿化技术探讨

选用狗牙根Cynodon dactylon,百喜草Paspalam notatum,猫尾草Phleum pratense,高羊茅Festuca elata草种以达到稳定和绿化铁路边坡的目的.3-7月播种的草种能在短期内形成有效覆盖,当年覆盖率可达95%以上,狗牙根 百喜草混播及狗牙根 猫尾草混播革种生长好,绿期长,密度大对边坡的稳定防冲效果最佳.     

广州地区几种草坪草低温胁迫效应研究

通过低温胁迫处理匍匐剪股颖粤选1号Agrostis stoloniferacv.Yuexuan No.1、伪针茅Pseudoraphisspinescens、狗牙根Cynodon dactylon、沟叶结缕草Zoysia matrella、长花马唐Digitaria longiflora5种草坪草,分别测定叶片、匍匐茎、根系质膜相对透性和根系活力以及田间草坪草叶片叶绿素含量。结果说明,低温胁迫下,草坪草叶片、匍匐茎、根系质膜相对透性显著增加,并且,沟叶结缕草膜透性最高,伪针茅与匍匐剪股颖膜透性总体上较低;低温胁迫下,伪针茅、匍匐剪股颖根系活力高,狗牙根根系活力低;冬季草坪草叶绿素含量为伪针茅>匍匐剪股颖(粤选1号)>长花马唐>狗牙根>沟叶结缕草。     

昆明草坪草混播配方优化组合模式探讨

在昆明独特的气候条件下,通过对运动场草坪、观赏草坪和护坡草坪三类草坪混播配方的调查研究,探讨出了适应云南地区种植的9种优化组合。运动场草坪:草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)+高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)+多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.),草地早熟禾+高羊茅,草地早熟禾+狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.)+多年生黑麦草;观赏草坪:草地早熟禾+匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L.),草地早熟禾+紫羊茅(Festuca rubra L.),草地早熟禾(优异)+草地早熟禾(蓝月)+草地早熟禾(新哥来得)+草地早熟禾(肯塔基);护坡草坪:高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根,高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根+白三叶(Trifolium repens L.),高羊茅+多年生黑麦草+狗牙根+白三叶+紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)。     

五种草坪草对水涝胁迫的反应及耐涝评价

以沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella(L.)Merr.)、大穗结缕草(Z.macrostachya Franch.et Sav.)、普通狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.)、青岛结缕草(Z.japonicacv QingDao)和高羊茅品种翠碧(Festuca arundinacea cv Triplet)为材料,对其在水涝胁迫下草坪草形态、生理指标变化进行了研究,并采用隶属函数法对其耐涝性进行评价,以期为江南中下游地区草坪草的栽培提供试验依据。结果表明:随水涝时间的延长,叶片枯黄率逐渐增加,叶片相对电导率(REC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及游离脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性总糖(TSC)含量5个生理指标在水胁迫15 d时均比对照明显增加;以REC,SOD和POD活性以及Pro和TSC含量为指标,对5个草种的耐涝隶属函数值进行计算,并对其耐涝适应性进行综合评价,得出5个草种的耐涝性顺序为大穗结缕草>普通狗牙根>翠碧>青岛结缕草>沟叶结缕草。     

Effects of grass species on grazing steers: I. Diet composition and ingestive mastication.

In traditional grazing trials, per animal and per hectare productivity are determined, but pasture and animal measurements are generally inadequate to address reasons for different treatment responses. This 2-yr study examined the diet and diet characteristics of steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.), and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures. A randomized complete block design was used with two agronomic replicates. In vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) of masticates from tall fescue (TF), switchgrass (SG), and flaccidgrass (FG) generally were similar; all exceeded 70% (70.3 to 79.9%), except for bermudagrass (BG), which was lowest (63.5 to 65.0%). Sieving the masticate DM showed BG to contain the highest proportion (20 to 29%) of particles passing a .5-mm sieve and the lowest proportion (6 to 8%) of particles retained on a 2.8-mm sieve. This resulted in BG having the smallest mean (1.29 mm) and median (1.08 mm) particle sizes in yr 1 and a mean (1.10 mm) and median (.91 mm) particle size smaller than SG in yr 2. Except for BG, the IVDMD of the masticate DM was lowest for small particles. Canopies showed BG and SG to have the highest proportion of stem (47 and 52%, respectively); the BG canopy was composed of fractions that were consistently lowest in IVDMD. In general, BG offered the grazing animal a canopy inferior in IVDMD concentration and had canopy characteristics that limited the animals' selection of a diet with quality as high as that of TF, SG, or FG.     

不同草种单播草坪蒸散量的研究

对草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草、高羊茅、狗牙根、结缕草和野牛草6种常见草坪草草坪的蒸散量进行了研究,发现在充分灌水的条件下,冷地型草坪的蒸散量显著大于暖地型草坪(P<0.01);3种冷地型草坪间差异较小;暖地型草坪中狗牙根和结缕草的蒸散量显著高于野牛草(P<0.01)。限制灌水条件下,6种草坪的蒸散量差异均显著(P<0.05或0.01),其顺序为:高羊茅>早熟禾>黑麦草>狗牙根>结缕草>野牛草。通过充分灌水和限制灌水2个处理确定了6种草坪的年需水量范围。在不同水分梯度下,高羊茅的蒸散量随土壤含水量的减少而减少;狗牙根的蒸散量随土壤含水量的减少呈现降低的趋势。高羊茅和狗牙根蒸散量在一天内随温度的升高而增加,但温度维持在较高时由于气孔关闭导致蒸腾降低从而蒸散量降低。     

Effects of grass species on grazing steers: II. Dry matter intake and digesta kinetics

Animal responses to treatments in grazing experiments frequently remain unexplained because of inadequate pasture and(or) animal measurements. This 2-yr study examined DMI, gastrointestinal tract fill of undigested DM (FILL), rate of digesta passage (ROP), and digesta mean retention time (MRT) for steers grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), flaccidgrass (Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb.), and bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.). A randomized complete block design was used with two agronomic replicates. Comparisons in June (yr 1) among continuously grazed switchgrass (SG), flaccidgrass (FG), and bermudagrass (BG) or in May (yr 2) among tall fescue (TF), SG, and FG showed similar digesta kinetics, but different DMI (kg.d-1.100 kg BW-1), among these forages within each sampling. In the June evaluation, the DMI of SG and FG were similar (means = 3.09), DMI of bermudagrass (BG) was lowest (2.23), and fecal DM output (FO) was similar among forages. In the May evaluation, DMI by steers grazing SG (3.90) was higher than that by steers grazing FG (2.97); DMI of tall fescue (TF) was intermediate (3.41) but similar to DMI of FG. Differences in DMI were due to differences in diet in vitro DM disappearance (IVDMD) rather than to differences in digesta kinetics. In July (yr 2), the MRT was highest for BG (84 h) and similar for SG and FG (57 h). Steers grazing different forages exhibited similar ROP and FILL, but FO (kg.d-1.100 kg BW-1) among steers varied (.37 for steers fed BG; .74 for steers fed SG and FG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Implant and copper oxide needles for steers grazing Acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue pastures: effects on grazing and subsequent feedlot performance and serum constituents.

Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of a progesterone-estradiol implant (PEI) with no implant (NI) and 20 g of copper oxide needles (CuON) with no CuON on grazing, subsequent feedlot performance, and selected serum constituents of steers. In Exp. 1, 114 Limousin crossbred yearling steers (317 kg average initial BW) were stocked continuously on Acremonium coenophialum-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)-ladino clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures (C) or were rotated to bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) during summer months (R) of two consecutive years. Implant and copper treatments were applied within pasture. Blood samples were collected four times during each grazing season. Continuously stocked steers had greater (P less than .05) grazing gain, less (P less than .10) feedlot gain, and heavier (P less than .05) carcass weights than R steers did. Implanted steers had greater (P less than .05) pasture but lesser (P less than .05) feedlot gains than did NI steers. Prolactin concentrations were greater (P less than .05) from R than from C steers in late summer 1988. Ceruloplasmin was greater (P less than .01) with CuON than without on the last three and last two sampling dates in 1988 and 1989, respectively. In Exp. 2, blood samples were collected twice from 40 mixed-breed steers (283 kg average initial BW) receiving the same implant and copper treatments as in Exp. 1 and grazing infected fescue for one season. Serum ceruloplasmin and copper concentrations were increased (P less than .01) by CuON, but other measurements did not differ among treatments. Summer grazing of bermuda grass increased serum copper, ceruloplasmin, and prolactin but decreased grazing performance. Implanting increased grazing performance. Copper oxide needles increased serum ceruloplasmin and copper concentrations but did not affect steer performance.     

草坪坪用价值综合评价体系的探讨——Ⅱ. 评价体系的应用

利用草坪坪用价值综合评价系统对狗牙根5份野生种源进行了评价,评价结果初步证明该评价体系的合理性。     

11种优良坪用禾草对禾草云斑病抗性的初步研究

１９９７～１９９８年选用１１种坪用禾草品种在自然条件下做了对禾草云斑病的抗性鉴定。结果表明,结缕草、细叶结缕草及狗牙根不发病,表现免疫;高羊茅抗病;草地早熟禾、紫羊茅、黑麦草及匍茎剪股颖发病较重,表现感病。