白皮松天然群体遗传多样性的等位酶分析

采用8种等位酶对白皮松4个天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了研究.在4个群体中共检测到10个基因位点,15个等位基因,其中6个位点为多态位点;群体总体水平多态位点比率P=60%,平均有效基因数A=1.92,平均期望杂合度He=0.106,种群平均遗传距离为0.006 8.南漳白皮松群落平均等位基因数A=1.9,平均有...     

白皮松保育遗传学 --天然群体遗传多样性评价与保护策略

在白皮松天然林中采取分层取样 ,抽取 10个群体 2 10个单株。测定分析 16种酶系统 ,得到 31个酶位点。白皮松物种水平遗传多样性参数为 :平均等位基因数AS=1 74 2 ,平均有效等位基因数AeS=1 4 9,多态位点百分率PS=5 4 8% ,期望杂合度HeS=0 16 2 ;白皮松群体水平遗传多样性参数为 :平均等位基因数AP=1 39± 0 11,平均有效等位基因数AeP=1 30± 0 12 ,多态位点百分率PP=34 85 %± 8 4 6 % ,期望杂合度HeP=0 0 99± 0 0 4 9,观测杂合度HoP =0 0 95± 0 0 4 2。白皮松遗传多样性在松属树种中属于中等偏下 ,群体间分化明显 ,遗传分化系数FST =0 133,群体间遗传距离 D =0 12 8,大于松属平均水平。根据Nei’s遗传一致度将 10个群体分为 3组。白皮松群体遗传多样性中心与资源分布中心和表型多样性分布中心吻合 ,适宜采取中心群体原地保护和多群体异地联合保存相结合的保护策略。     

思茅松天然群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化

采用凝胶电泳技术,检测了思茅松(Pinuskesiyavar.Langbinaensis)种子胚乳的9种同工酶。通过对9种酶系统编码的16个酶位点的遗传分析,揭示了思茅松三个天然群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化情况。思茅松天然群体的遗传多样性较高,群体的多态位点比例为0.667;平均每个位点的等位基因数为2.13;期望杂合度和观察杂合度分别为0.288和0.197。群体间的遗传分化程度较低,分化系数仅为0.052,群体间的遗传距离为0.015。表5参15。     

云南红豆杉天然群体的遗传多样性和群体分化

利用云南红豆杉Taxusyunnanensis种子的单倍体胚乳,采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术,对分布于金沙江流域的云南红豆杉天然群体的遗传多样性和群体分化进行了研究.对8个酶系统15个酶位点的分析结果表明该地区的云南红豆杉天然群体遗传变异水平较高,多态位点比率P=0.933,等位基因平均数A=2.90.平均期望杂合度He=0.290;4个小群体间遗传分化很小.基因分化系数GST=0.071.云南红豆杉天然群体具有明显丰富的遗传变异和较小的群体间分化,其原因是云南红豆杉寿命长、风媒异花授粉、种子传播、基因交流频繁.     

思茅松天然种群及其种子园的遗传多样性

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳技术对思茅松 3个天然种群和思茅松种子园的遗传多样性状况进行了研究。 9种同工酶系统 16个基因位点的分析结果表明 :思茅松天然种群具有较高的遗传多样性 ,多态位点比率P =70 1% ,等位基因平均数A =2 2 7,平均预期杂合度He=0 2 91;群体间的遗传分化程度较低 ,基因分化系数GST=0 0 5 2。思茅松种子园的遗传多样性较天然种群丰富 ,以上各遗传参数值依次为P =73 5 % ,A =2 4 2 ,He =0 2 95 ,种子园营建是林木遗传改良的一种有效途径     

成都麻羊种群微卫星标记遗传多样性评估

作为优良的地方山羊品种,成都麻羊对我国山羊品种的改良和新品种培育起了重要作用。畜禽遗传资源本质上是基因资源,保护畜禽遗传资源就是保护基因的多样性。为了了解成都麻羊的遗传情况,通过微卫星标记技术,选用8对中高度多态微卫星标记进行成都麻羊圈养种群的遗传多样性评估,共检测到60个等位基因,平均等位基因和平均有效等位基因数分别为7.5、2.36,平均观察杂合度、平均期望杂合度和平均多态信息含量分别为0.577、0.634和0.580。研究结果表明成都麻羊种群遗传多样性较高,具有较高的保种潜力。     

用同工酶研究马尾松群体的遗传结构

本文应用同工酶分析技术结合形态、生长和物候等表型性状,分析了福建省沙县境内的5个马尾松天然小群体的遗传结构。结果表明,马尾松群体具有较高的遗传变异水平,5个小群体的多态位点百分率达64.5％,等位基因平均数为1.65,平均期望杂合度为0.216。小群体间的分化程度不高,5个小群体的平均遗传距离为0.0047;同工酶测定的总变异中,2.4％来自小群体间,其余的变异(97.6％)来自小群体内;而表型性状总的遗传变异中,6.5％左右来自小群体间,其余的变异(93.5％)来自小群体内。     

蒙古栎天然群体等位酶遗传多样性研究

以中国蒙古栎全分布区的8个天然群体和辽东栎1个天然群体为研究对象,进行了水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术的同工酶分析,共分析了13种酶系统产生22个位点。结果表明：(1)蒙古栎在种和群体水平的遗传变异水平较低,多态位点百分率P分别为52．38％、28．976％,期望杂合度He分别为0．099、0．085,观测杂合度H0分别为0．092、0．088;(2)蒙古栎群体间遗传分化程度较高,分化度Gst为0．107,遗传多样性中的遗传变异量89．27％存在于群体内;蒙古栎群体水平的基因流Nm比值为2．080。(3)蒙古栎群体间的平均遗传距离D较低,为0．0121,各群体之间的遗传一致度I为0．097-1．00;(4)东灵山辽东栎群体的遗传多样性较低,多态位点百分率P为36.36%,期望杂合度He为0．083,观测杂合度H0为0．070;(5)利用群体间遗传距离进行的UPGMA聚类结果表明,蒙古栎自然分布区的东北部的4个群体和西南部的2个群体分别聚为一亚类,这与其地理分布格局大致吻合,但群体间遗传距离与地理距离无明显的相关性。(6)长期的砍伐和破坏,造成有效群体较小,而且经受繁殖瓶颈效应,是蒙古栎遗传多样性下降的主要原因。     

日本落叶松EST-SSR标记开发及二代优树遗传多样性分析

利用SSR标记研究选自第1代育种试验林、拟纳入二代育种群体的264株日本落叶松二代优树的遗传变异情况。利用1620条落叶松EST序列进行EST-SSR标记的开发,共发现58条序列中含有67个SSR位点,占全部EST序列的3.58%。获得7个多态性EST-SSR标记,其中5个在朝鲜落叶松、长白落叶松、兴安落叶松和华北落叶松中均可扩增出预期目标片段,且具有多态性,表明这些标记在落叶松属内的通用性良好。利用6个EST-SSR标记和4个gSSR标记对日本落叶松二代优树群体开展遗传多样性分析,每个位点的平均等位基因数为4.6个,有效等位基因平均数为3.1个。群体观察和期望杂合度均值分别为0.5902和0.5702;Nei's基因多样度和Shannon多样性指数分别为0.5691和1.0966;全部单株间遗传相似系数0.1725～0.9667。说明该二代优树群体的遗传多样性较高,具有构建二代育种群体的潜力。     

檫木三个群体的遗传结构初探

作者运用同工酶电泳技术对檫木天然群体的遗传结构进行了研究,分析了湖北省的3个檫木天然小群体的遗传结构。结果表明:3个群体的多态位点百分率为49.5%,等位基因平均数为1.649,平均期望杂合度为0.280,群体内杂合体不足,纯合体过量,处于非平衡状态。     

Allozymes Genetic Diversity of Quercus mongolica Fisch in China

INTRODUCTION Analysis of the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of a species can increase the understanding of the historical processes underlying the genetic diversity (Dumolin- Lapegue et al. 1997) and can also provide important basic information for breeding programmes and for the establishment of programmes to conserve genetic resources. Moreover, information on the genetic structure allows for a more representative sample of the species’ gene p…     

Genetic Variation among 11 Abies concolor Populations Based on Allozyme Analysis

In order to obtain information on the genetic structure of Abies concolor and the genetic variation among 11 popula- tions introduced from America to China, allozyme analysis based on starch gel electrophoresis technology was used. 24 loci of 10 allozyme systems were mensurated, and the genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 11 populations of A. concolor evaluated. The results show that the genetic variation among is significant, and the genetic variation within A. concolor populations is more important. In contrast with other conifers, the variation of A. concolor is above the average level of conifers, and higher than the same level of Abies. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 62.5%, the number of alleles per locus (A) 2.08, the number of ef- fective alleles per locus (Ae) was 1.37, the expected heterozygosity (H) 0.204, and the Shannon information index (I) 0.351 7. There is a short genetic distance (D=0.061) and a low gene flow (Nm=0.839 4) among the 11 introduced populations of A. concolor with high genetic variation. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.229 5, which is higher than that of the mean in Abies or Pinus.     

云南红豆杉天然种群遗传多样性研究

采用垂直板式聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，检测了云南红豆杉（Taxus yunnanensis)雌配子体的5种等位酶，并以10个基因位点编码的5个酶系统，分析了滇西北3个云南红豆杉天然种植的遗传多样性与遗传分化。结果表明，群体的多态位点比例是0．77；群体的平均杂合性观察值是0．302；预期值为0．3320；每个基因位点发现的等位基因数是2．05，有效等位基因平均数是1．466。对10个基因位点的基因多样性测定表明，种群间的分化占14．66％。总的基因多样性约85％产生于种群内。群体间的平均遗传距离是0．118。     

燕山山脉西伯利亚杏的遗传多样性和遗传结构

以西伯利亚杏分布的核心区域燕山山脉地区的17个群体为材料,利用9对微卫星标记进行遗传多样性和遗传结构的分析。在533个个体扩增得到203个等位基因,每位点平均等位基因数为22.556个。分析表明燕山山脉西伯利亚杏群体具有较高的遗传多样性,每位点平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为5.714,多态位点百分率(P)为100%,期望杂合度(He)为0.788。根据有效等位基因数(Ne)、期望杂合度(He)和Shannon信息指数(I)3个遗传多样性参数,遗传多样性最高的群体为北京八达岭,其次为平泉榆树林子,而最低的群体为崇礼驿马图。群体间总的遗传分化系数FST为0.065,总的基因流Nm为3.836。分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示燕山山脉地区西伯利亚杏群体的遗传变异主要存在于群体内(95.62%)。Mantel检验发现遗传距离与地理距离呈显著相关性(r=0.5894,P<0.0001)。UPGMA聚类结果显示,地理距离接近的群体聚在一起,进一步验证了Mantel检验结果。基于上述分析结果,提出西伯利亚杏的种质收集策略。研究结果为西伯利亚杏可持续利用与保护提供一定的理论依据。     

湖北省马尾松天然林同工酶遗传变异的研究

采用丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳法,对天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、丙氨酸氨酸酶（ＡＡＰ）、亮氨酸氨酸酶（ＬＡＰ）、６－磷酸葡萄糖酶（６０ＧＤ）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（ＰＧＭ）、莽草酸脱氢酶（ＳＨＤＨ）等 ６种同工酶系统的 １２个基因位点进行了研究和分析,共发现 ３６个复等位基因。结果还表明,马尾松天然群体具有较为丰富的遗传变异性,其多态位点百分率（ＰＬ）为５６％,平均杂合率（Ｈｅ）为０．２８５,等位基因平均数（Ｎａ）为２．２９;有效等位基因平均数（Ｎｅ）为１．４２;马尾松天然群体间的变异量只占总变异量的８．８％左右,而约９１％以上的变异只存在于单个的小群体内的单株间;湖北省马尾松天然群体内存在较为严重的近亲交配现象,近交系数（Ｆｉｓ）平均为 ０．２０２。     

Genetics of red alder (Alnus Rubra Bong.) populations in British Columbia and its implications for gene resources management

The genetic structure of 19 red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) populations representing the natural range of the species in British Columbia was investigated at 19 allozyme loci. The estimated average number of alleles per locus (1.79), percentage of polymorphic loci (52.6), and total expected genetic diversity (0.113) were all lower than those reported for most long-lived woody species but comparable to early successional species. About 8% of the total genetic variation was attributable to among-population differentiation, the majority being detected at the Aat-2 locus between the Mainland and the Islands regions. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the 19 populations into two distinct clusters that perfectly coincided with their geographical arrangement. Genetic differentiation between populations within both the Mainland and the Islands regions was very weak, accounting for about 3% of the total genetic variation within each region. Red alder is predominantly an outcrossing species with an average outcrossing rate of 0.85. The rate of outcrossing also varied widely among populations, ranging from 0.56 to 0.98. Practical implications of these findings with respect to tree improvement and in situ gene conservation are discussed.     

Genetic variation among 11 <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies concolor</Emphasis> populations based on allozyme analysis

In order to obtain information on the genetic structure ofAbies concolor and the genetic variation among 11 populations introduced from America to China, allozyme analysis based on starch gel electrophoresis technology was used. 24 loci of 10 allozyme systems were mensurated, and the genetic structure and genetic diversity of the 11 populations of A. concolor evaluated. The results show that the genetic variation among is significant, and the genetic variation within A. concolor populations is more important. In contrast with other conifers, the variation of A. concolor is above the average level of conifers, and higher than the same level of Abies. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) was 62.5%, the number of alleles per locus (A) 2.08, the number of effective alleles per locus (Ae) was 1.37, the expected heterozygosity (H) 0.204, and the Shannon information index (/) 0.351 7. There is a short genetic distance (D=0.061) and a low gene flow (Nm=0.839 4) among the 11 introduced populations ofA. concolor with high genetic variation. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) was 0.229 5, which is higher than that of the mean in Abies or Pinus.     

栎属天然林的遗传结构和遗传多样性研究

利用聚苯酰烯胺凝胶电泳技术检验了栎属6个群体在7个同工酶位点(Got-1、Got-2、Shdh、Aap-1、Aap-2、Pgi、6Pgd)上的遗传变异(多态位点百分率为93.3%,等位基因平均数2.806,平均预期杂合率为0.346)。基因分化系数为0.394,表明居群变异的39.4%出现在居群间,60.6%出现在居群内,各居群间的遗传距离为0.0206～0.6411。初步的研究表明:其丰富的遗传变异可能与其生境的多样性、风媒异交等因素造成的长距离的基因漂变有关。