苦豆子人工栽培技术

阐述了苦豆子生物学特性、相关研究进展，分析了苦豆子种植价值，并从平整土地、种植处理、播种栽培、日常管理、种子采收等方面，详细探讨了苦豆子人工栽培技术，旨在为苦豆子产业健康持续发展提供新的思路。     

种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗的影响

采用二因素随机区组试验设计,研究了种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗的影响。结果表明:种子贮藏方法和播种期对费约果出苗情况的影响较大,采果后立即取出种子,于清水中漂洗24 h后播种,播种至出苗天数为11 d,出苗率为93%,优于其余各处理出苗情况。     

播种期温度变化对甜菜出苗天数的影响

在哈尔滨地区自然条件下,采用5个分期播种处理对温度变化与甜菜出苗天数之间的关系进行了研究.结果表明：播种时间越早,甜菜出苗越早,随着播种期的推迟,出苗所需天数逐渐减少,在出苗率上,处理1＞处理2＞处理3＞处理4＞处理5,总体上播种时间早的处理出苗率好于播种时间晚的.随着播种期的推迟,日平均气温与出苗天数呈幂函数关系变化（y=251.1723x-13093）,平均土壤温度与出苗天数呈指数关系变化（y=57.5499e-0.1624x）,方程拟合合适,此方程可根据平均气温和平均土壤温度,对甜菜出苗天数进行预测,为甜菜生产上播种期的选择提供指标依据,为甜菜的栽培提供理论依据.     

苦豆子浸提液对“比斜克其”甜瓜种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

本试验以新疆南疆地区特色甜瓜——“比斜克其”作为材料,通过培养皿滤纸法用苦豆子不同部位(叶片、茎秆、豆荚和种子)浸提液对“比斜克其”种子进行处理,分别测定种子发芽和幼苗生长情况。试验结果表明,对照组种子萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数均大于苦豆子处理组,其中种子浸提液处理的萌发率、发芽势和发芽指数等指标均小于其他4个处理。对照组幼苗的平均胚轴长度、平均主根长度、平均侧根数目、平均鲜质量和平均干质量均小于苦豆子处理组,其中茎秆浸提液处理的胚轴长度、主根长度、侧根数目以及鲜质量均大于其他处理组。因此苦豆子植株不同部位浸提液对“比斜克其”种子萌发具有抑制作用,其中种子浸提液的抑制作用最强;但对“比斜克其”幼苗及根系生长均具有促进作用,其中茎秆浸提液促进作用最强。因此不建议将苦豆子作为底肥在“比斜克其”播种之前施用,而应在种子萌发之后作为追肥施用。     

秋芹菜播后管理新经验

秋芹菜的播种期正值高温季节,由于芹菜种子具有在高温下休眠这一特性,因此秋芹播种后,具有不易发芽、出苗慢等弊端。虽然可采用低温浸种催芽的办法来解决这一弊端,但催芽后的种子在播种时很难撒匀,至使出苗后密集徒长和间苗时耗工。另外,为克服高温期播种后出苗困难这一弊端,还有采取躲避高     

冷凉区旱地不同成苗方式对菜豆产量及经济效益的影响

在旱地栽培条件下,研究比较了菜豆原地苗(直播后出苗)、移栽苗、补种苗3种不同成苗方式对菜豆产量及经济效益的影响,以期解决北方冷凉区菜豆春播生产中存在的出苗难、保苗难等问题。结果表明:移栽苗菜豆平均667m2产量比补种苗高137kg,而与原地苗较为接近;采收期内,移栽苗菜豆产量变化趋势始终高于补种苗;且移栽苗经济效益可比补种苗提高9.1%。试验表明,旱地菜豆育苗移栽技术可取代传统多次补种成苗保苗的方法,进而提高菜豆产量和生产效率。     

种衣剂及旱地龙处理对玉米生长发育及产量的影响

玉米播前用3种方式处理种子,即用FA旱地龙拌种、北农19号种衣剂包衣和用FA旱地龙拌种后再用北农19号种衣剂包衣,有显著的保苗、促长、增产作用,增产736.5~1153.5kg/hm2,以用FA旱地龙拌种后再用北农19号种衣剂包衣效果最佳。     

不同播期与种植方式对旱地西瓜产量及土壤水分利用的影响

以西瓜品种"金陇5号"为试材,在宁夏中部干旱带开展了旱地地膜西瓜不同播期、种植方式研究,分析了不同播期与种植方式对旱地西瓜产量及土壤水分利用的影响。结果表明:4月15日采用暗窝播种方式西瓜生长状况、产量、产值、纯收入及土壤水分利用效率方面均优于其它处理,较4月25日、5月10日播种的产量分别增产4.8%和28.0%,纯收入增加6 700.02元/hm2和19 604.31元/hm2,水分利用效率提高23.1%、54.4%,抗旱节水、增产增收的效果明显;说明当地旱地西瓜适宜的播种时期为4月中旬,种植方式采用先播种后覆膜的暗窝播种。     

冬樱花不同时期播种试验

冬樱花是云南的特有乡土树种，冬季开花。在春、夏、秋不同季节对种子进行播种，观察种子不同时期播种的出苗状况。结果表明，最适宜冬樱花播种的时期是夏季播种，即在4月中下旬种子成熟，采收后洗净即可播种，此时播种出苗率最高；其次是春季播种出苗状况较好；而秋季随气温下降，种子出苗状况也逐渐减低。     

赤霉酸处理对核桃种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为了提高核桃种子的发芽率和幼苗生长量,用不同浓度赤霉酸处理核桃种子后,研究了不同浓度赤霉酸处理对核桃种子出苗期、发芽率和种子播种后幼苗生长量的影响.结果 表明:不同浓度赤霉酸处理核桃种子后,均提早了出苗始期、出苗高峰期、出苗终期,缩短了出苗周期,提高了发芽率和幼苗株高、地径、根长,促进了枝条木质化和顶芽饱满程度.不同处...     

苦豆子内生放线菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗菌筛选

采用3种消毒时间对健康苦豆子植株体内的内生放线菌进行分离。结果表明：消毒3 min消除非内生菌的影响效果较好;同一植株分离内生放线菌的数量,根部比茎、叶部多。经初步鉴定,苦豆子内生放线菌以链霉菌属和诺卡氏菌属为最多,分别占分离总数的35%和27%;其次为小多孢菌属,占12%;而类诺卡氏菌属、小单孢菌属、孢囊放线菌属和分枝杆菌属分离较少。26株纯化菌株对茄子枯萎病菌进行平板对峙培养,筛选出3株抑菌带宽度达到10 mm以上的菌株,其中菌株KDS22发酵液抑菌效果最好。     

腐植酸苦豆子有机肥在设施黄瓜上的应用效果

以设施黄瓜为试材,利用腐植酸苦豆子有机肥、商品有机肥及干鸡粪(CK)进行等养分施肥对比试验,研究该有机肥对设施黄瓜生长发育、产量、品质、抗病性以及土壤微生物的影响。结果表明:施用腐植酸苦豆子有机肥可促进黄瓜植株茁壮生长,增加功能叶中叶绿素含量,减少畸形瓜,提高优质黄瓜产量,增产率15.87%,提高黄瓜中VC、可溶性总糖和还原糖含量,提高抗病性,优化土壤微生物群落结构。腐植酸苦豆子有机肥对黄瓜和土壤都有益,适合在设施黄瓜主产区推广。     

Urban wilderness: Supply,demand, and access

The concept of urban wilderness feels like a paradox since natural and urban environments have long been viewed as antithetical. Today, however, wilderness is high on the urban agenda as a response to different challenges: biodiversity and human experiences of nature are being lost in increasingly dense cities, while at the same time a plethora of wild areas are developing in cities that are undergoing post-industrial transformation. Yet there is confusion around the definitions and the anticipated functions of urban wilderness and how humans can be incorporated therein. A unifying framework is proposed here that envisions urban wilderness as a social-ecological system; three major components are identified and linked: (i) the supply of wilderness areas along gradients of naturalness and ecological novelty, leading to a differentiation of ancient vs. novel wilderness, and the identification of wilderness components within cultural ecosystems; (ii) the demand for wilderness in urban societies, which differs among sociocultural groups as a function of underlying values and experiences; (iii) the access to urban wilderness, which can be improved both in terms of providing opportunities for encountering urban wilderness (e.g., by conserving, rewilding wilderness areas) and enhancing the orientation of urban people towards wilderness (e.g., through information, environmental education, citizen science). Evidence from urban wilderness projects in Europe demonstrates that multi-targeted approaches to conserving and managing existing novel urban ecosystems offer manifold opportunities to combine biodiversity conservation and wilderness experience in cities.     

长兴县煤山镇绿地系统规划研究

城市绿地系统是城市景观的自然要素和社会经济可持续发展的基础，是城市生态环境的主体。以煤山镇绿地系统规划为例，分析快速城市化背景下小城镇的绿地建设的问题。提出构建稳定镇域大环境生态绿地格局、发展森林式绿地、体现地域文脉及现实多功能复合的小城镇绿地系统规划思路。     

国槐主要药用成分及提取方法研究进展

国槐作为一种常见绿化树种,其园林应用价值得到了广泛的开发.近年来对于国槐的药用成分的研究成为一个热点.为了使国槐的经济效益与社会效益得到更大的利用,现对国槐的花、果实以及其它器官的药用成分以及常用的提取方法进行了综述.     

内共生菌Buchnera对桃蚜生长发育的影响

为明确桃蚜内共生菌Buchnera aphidicola对桃蚜生长发育和繁殖的影响,为有效控制桃蚜提供新的思路,本试验以十字花科(萝卜)、茄科(辣椒)和葫芦科(黄瓜)蔬菜为试材,比较健康桃蚜和利福平处理后的桃蚜在3种蔬菜上的生长发育和繁殖情况。结果表明,不同浓度利福平处理后桃蚜Buchnera的DNAK基因表达量均显著降低;200μg·m L-1利福平处理后的桃蚜产蚜量、寿命和体重都显著低于健康桃蚜。说明桃蚜的内共生菌Buchnera在其生长发育过程中起着非常重要的作用,降低内共生菌的量对桃蚜可产生不利影响。     

Effects of water deficit on olive trees cv. Chemlali under field conditions in arid region in Tunisia

Water scarcity in the Mediterranean basin in addition to the extension of irrigated lands is one of the main factors limiting agricultural development. The need for supplementary irrigation of the Chemlali olive cultivar (Olea europaea L.) during summer and autumn periods was investigated. Leaf water content, gas exchange parameters, fruit development and yield in rain-fed and in irrigated plants have been monitored in 12-year-old olive trees grown under environmental conditions in semi arid regions characterized by high temperatures and high light intensity. Trees were subjected to three irrigation treatments, T0, T1 and T2 corresponding respectively to 0, 33 and 66% of crop evapotranspiration (ET_c) by a drip irrigation system. The water deficit during the summer (from June to August) led to the decrease of soil moisture, leaf water content and gas exchange parameters. Irrigated trees showed the same slow activity in the three summer months as the rain-fed trees. For all treatments, net CO₂ assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration rates were markedly decreased by environmental conditions (high air temperature and high light intensity) during the summer period. At the partial active growth phase of the Chemlali olive cultivar (September–November), a significant re-increase in all parameters was observed. However, net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of control plants (T0) were, respectively, 57 and 40% lower than those of plants conducted under milder water contribution (T1). The decrease of physiological activity in irrigated plants during hot and dry (summer time) and cold (winter) seasons was a clear evidence that water supply during such periods will be without a great benefit for photosynthetic activity, and thus growth, if applied under critical conditions inducing the rest phase of the plant. The non-statistically significant slight differences as well in photosynthetic performances activities (Pn, Gs and E rates), as in olive production between the two irrigated treatments will not cover the expenses of water loss when applying irrigation at 66% of ET_c especially in arid region characterized by scant and irregular rainfall. On the light of these results, we can conclude that the irrigation of this species during the vegetative growth phase (in spring and autumn), and stopping it during the olive rest phase (in summer and winter) could be recommended at least under the experimental conditions of this study; and that the contribution of 600 mm of water per year (33% of ET_c) can respond to the needs of the Chemlali olive cultivar in a semi arid region without impairing photosynthetic activity and olive production.     

黑果枸杞活性成分及其产品开发研究进展

黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum Murr.)主要分布于我国西北干旱区,富含花色苷、原花青素、多糖、黄酮、甜菜碱等成分,具有抗氧化、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降血糖、降血脂、预防动脉粥样硬化等保健功效,近年来受到人们的青睐。目前,黑果枸杞主要以干果的形式出售,而对其深加工方面的研究较少,导致黑果枸杞的产品利用率不高,相关产业发展缓慢。本文综述了黑果枸杞的特征特性、有效成分及产品开发现状,并对黑果枸杞的发展前景进行了展望,旨在为黑果枸杞的进一步研究和开发提供参考。     

三种灌木抢墒植苗临界土壤含水量的研究

为了定量确定宁夏中部干旱风沙区主要旱作造林树种植苗造林成活率与土壤墒情的关系,在宁夏盐池县人工模拟不同土壤墒情梯度,开展了常用旱作造林树种柠条、花棒、杨柴3种灌木裸根苗植苗试验。结果表明:在宁夏河东沙地盐池县,当沙地土壤含水量在≤5.5%时,3种灌木旱作植苗造林成活率及苗木生长受土壤含水量影响较大,不适宜造林;当土壤含水量≥9.32%时造林,3种灌木植苗造林成活率可以达到造林验收标准,苗木高生长虽然随土壤含水量的增加,有所提高,但受土壤水分影响的程度不再明显。