黔东南杂交中稻高产栽培配套技术

针对黔东南州稻田生态类型复杂的特点，进行了杂交中稻高产技术的研究。在正确选用和合理布局当家组合后，高产途径应立足穗数、力攻穗重、实现穗粒兼顾。高产栽培按叶龄模式在Ｎ—ｎ叶（Ｎ指主茎总叶数，ｎ指伸长节间数）以前实现适期够苗，Ｎ－ｎ叶以后在颖花分化、结实率、干物质积累上下功夫。     

不同生物农药对杂交中稻齐穗期螟虫的防治效果及产量的影响

2018年在四川省德阳市进行大田试验,比较了5种生物农药对杂交中稻齐穗期螟虫的防治效果和产量的影响。结果表明,绿僵菌对杂交中稻齐穗期螟虫的防治效果最好,其白穗率最低,较化学农药康宽降低了27.5%;白僵菌、苏云金杆菌、苦参碱、藜芦碱处理齐穗期的白穗率均高于康宽处理,但差异不显著。与康宽处理相比,绿僵菌处理的杂交中稻产量增加了3.0%,增产不显著;白僵菌、苏云金杆菌、藜芦碱处理的杂交中稻产量与康宽处理相当。综合产量和白穗率来考虑,用绿僵菌对杂交中稻齐穗期螟虫(二代螟虫)进行防治较为适宜。     

大麦双季稻高产叶龄模式栽培技术研究

本文通过对大麦双季稻叶蘖同伸规律的试验研究和苗穗粒结构的综合分析,阐明了:(1)在构成产量的因素中,有效穗数对产量的影响最大,其次是每穗实粒数;(2)大麦双季稻高产栽培的关键叶龄期是离乳叶龄期 移栽叶龄期、有效分蘖临界叶龄期、剑叶全展期,其中有效分蘖临界叶龄期是决定有效穗数的关键时期;(3)针对各时期的主攻目标,优化形成了大麦双季稻亩产超吨粮的按叶调控栽培技术.     

油菜生态特性的研究 Ⅲ.油菜(B.napus)低温敏感期的研究

对甘蓝型油菜4个品种不同叶龄期幼苗进行一次自然低温处理,观察低温对花芽分化的促进作用,从而确定油菜对低温的敏感期。结果表明,不同叶龄期幼苗经低温处理后花芽分化均有提早,偏冬性冬油菜和半冬性冬油菜7—8叶和9—10叶幼苗对底温最为敏感,参试的春油菜品种以7—8叶幼苗对低温最为敏感。     

3种穗型大麦幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄的对应关系分析

为给大麦穗发育遗传和栽培提供依据,以隶属于穗分枝、二棱穗或六棱穗的9个大麦材料为对象,采用卢良恕等报道的幼穗发育进程和叶龄诊断方法,分析了3种穗型大麦主茎幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄的对应关系。结果表明,3个穗分枝（Yunnan branched-spike,Ynbs）株系的二棱期、穗分枝原基分化期和雌蕊柱头二裂期基本一致,分别对应4叶龄、5叶龄和8叶龄,其内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。3个二棱大麦的雌蕊柱头二裂期基本一致,对应8叶龄。萧山二棱紫大麦和萧山白杆二棱大麦的二棱期延长,并导致三联小穗期、内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期缩短及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。3个六棱大麦的二棱期、雌蕊柱头二裂期和雌蕊柱头毛状突起期基本一致,分别对应4叶龄、7叶龄和8叶龄,内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。同穗型大麦材料的幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄对应关系的差异小于异穗型大麦材料,3个Ynbs株系的4龄叶、5龄叶和8龄叶可分别作为其幼穗二棱期、穗分枝原基分化期和雌蕊柱头二裂期的形态标记。     

高产两系杂交中稻新组合润两优414

润两优414是湖南正隆农业科技有限公司用自选不育系润928S与恢复系R414配组育成的迟熟两系杂交中稻新组合,具有株叶形态好、熟期适宜、产量高、适应性广等优点,2019年通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

成都平原不同茬口直播对水稻产量的影响

2015年在四川省德阳市进行大田水稻直播试验,以早稻、早熟中稻、中熟中稻、迟熟中稻等4种类型水稻品种为材料,设置3个播期茬口(前茬作物分别为蔬菜、油菜和小麦),研究不同茬口和品种类型对直播稻产量形成的影响,为茬口及品种类型的科学搭配提供依据。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,水稻播种至齐穗、齐穗至成熟的生育期缩短;早稻、早熟中稻、中熟中稻的产量先增加后下降,迟熟中稻的产量显著降低。蔬菜茬口和油菜茬口以中熟中稻的产量最高,分别为8.47 t/hm~2和9.30 t/hm~2,小麦茬口则以早熟中稻的产量最高,为7.99 t/hm~2。随着播期的推迟,早熟中稻、中熟中稻的干物质积累量呈先增加后降低的趋势,而早稻、迟熟中稻的干物质积累量呈降低趋势。由此可见,成都平原蔬菜茬口和油菜茬口水稻直播以选用中熟中稻品种较为适宜,小麦茬口水稻直播则选用早熟中稻较好。     

“二亚1号”作中稻栽培试验

“二亚1号”是福建省农科院水稻所用W6111s-275与瓦拉1312配制的迟熟弱感光型两系籼粳亚种间杂交稻的强优势组合。该组合株高125～144cm,平均130cm;茎秆粗壮坚硬,剑叶挺直上举,长37.25cm,宽2.23cm,倒3叶总长152.78cm。平均每穗粒数223.9粒,每穗实粒数151.1粒,结实率67.5%,千粒重31.42g。但该组合全生育期为180～190天,幼穗分化期要求高温条件,灌浆期亦要求较高温度,不适宜双季或单晚栽培,而作中稻栽培,则能充分利用中稻区春至秋季末的光温资源获得较高产量。 1992年,福建省永春县农科所在海拔600。的锦斗山城田建立了20亩的“二亚五号”中…     

不同熟期杂交早稻发育进程及产量性状比较研究

将6个熟期不同的杂交早稻组合分为早熟组与迟熟组对其发育进程和产量性状进行了比较研究。结果表明：早熟组与迟熟组在抽穗灌浆历期、幼穗分化历期及速率、相对出叶速率方面差异不显著,其全生育期的显著差异主要是营养生长期长短不同造成的;早熟组因为幼穗分化起始时间早、营养生长期短而表现早熟;早熟组的有效穗、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率与迟熟组无显著差异,但经济产量与单株生物产量均极显著低于迟熟组,其主要原因分别是千粒重较低和植株较矮。指出提高营养生长期出叶速率是协调早熟与高产矛盾的关键,通过筛选营养生长期短、出叶速率快、主茎叶片数较多、千粒重较高、株高适宜的亲本进行配组有可能实现早熟高产杂交早稻选育的突破。     

水稻葫芦叶特征在大田生产上应用

水稻分蘖期出现的第一类葫芦叶与幼穗分化期出现的第二类葫芦叶,可作为判断水稻大田叶龄和水稻生育进程的诊断指标,能判断杂交制种父母本幼穗分化8期进行花期预测和调节,并能作为水稻科学施肥和田间管理的依据。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。