用旧罐改造成IC厌氧反应器处理柠檬酸废水

本文报导了一个直径12 m,高15 m处理柠檬酸废水的UASB改造成内循环(IC)厌氧反应器的运行结果:容积有机负荷达到24.6 kgCOD· m-3d-1,COD去除率大于90%,HRT 6.9 h.     

同时产甲烷反硝化在UASB反应器中的实现

接种厌氧颗粒污泥的小试UASB反应器,以含葡萄糖和NaNO3(CODNO3--N=101)的自配水为进水,温度在35℃左右,HRT在14～20 h之间,经过76天的运行,成功实现了同时产甲烷反硝化功能.UASB反应器的COD和NO3--N的负荷分别为15.55 kgCOD·m-3d-1和1.55 kgNO3--N·m-3d-1时,二者的去除率分别达到95%和接近100%;当反应器的负荷继续提高至25kgCOD·m-3d-1和2.5 kgNO3--N·m-3d-1时,反应器对COD和NO3--N的去除率均持续下降,颗粒污泥逐渐解体,降低负荷至10 kgCOD·m-3d-1和1.0 kgNO3--N·m-3d-1并运行20d,仍未见明显好转.     

UASB工艺处理啤酒厂废水的生产性试验研究

本文述了容积为2000m~3的生产性UASB反应器常温条件下处理啤酒废水的启动运行过程。当反应器稳定运行时,容积负荷可达6～8kgCOD/(m~3·d),水力停留时间为6～7小时,COD去除率达85％左右,出水COD小于500mg/L。本试验成功地实现了UASB反应器内厌氧污泥颗粒化。培养颗粒污泥的关键技术是提供良好的营养条件、维持适当的进水碱度和适时调整水力负荷。     

厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理VB12、淀粉混合废水的研究

本文叙述了采用厌氧—接触氧化工艺处理维生素B12 、淀粉混合废水的中试研究情况。试验结果表明 :采用上流式厌氧污泥床反应器 ,在 35℃± 1℃的条件下 ,当进水COD为 1 31 31mg·L- 1时 ,COD去除率可达到 95 9% ,容积负荷为 1 3 2 7kgCOD·m- 3d- 1;厌氧出水经接触氧化反应器处理后COD值可低于 30 0mg·L- 1,COD去除率为 49 9% ;整体工艺COD去除率可达到 97 7%。     

沼气循环厌氧颗粒污泥床反应器的运行特性

以厌氧絮状污泥接种,投加少量颗粒活性炭(GAC),处理高浓度自配水的上流式厌氧生物反应器在无沼气循环下,经18天运行即实现了污泥颗粒化,按反应区容积计算的有机负荷(OLR)达到15 kgCOD·m-3d-1,COD去除率为87%;启动沼气循环,在气体上升流速约2.1 m·h-1的条件下,几乎所有颗粒污泥在2天内发生解体;但继续沼气循环,经过在OLR约为36 kgCOD·m-3d-1下连续运行49天反应器内又重新形成了颗粒污泥;随后,反应器的OLR迅速提高到并保持在90kgCOD·m-3d-1左右,稳定运行18天,COD去除率在95%以上;沼气循环可强化反应器内的混合程度,使其离散系数D达到0.368.     

EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水的研究

用EGSB厌氧反应器处理了食品工业中用量最大的添加剂之一——瓜尔豆胶的生产废水。结果显示:本研究所用的EGSB厌氧系统处理瓜尔豆胶生产废水,在容积COD负荷达18kgCOD.m-3d-1(进水COD浓度为30000mg.L-1)时,去除率可稳定在80%以上;出水的pH稳定在7.5左右;容积产气率随容积负荷的提高而逐渐升高,COD负荷达到18kg.m-3d-1时,平均沼气产量为22L.0.5d-1,每公斤COD平均可产生0.54m3沼气;沼气中的甲烷含量最高可达到82%。     

上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂 ,变易性大的难处理高浓度有机废水。本文采用上流式厌氧过滤器对垃圾渗滤液进行处理 ,并对厌氧消化影响因素进行研究 ,结果表明 ,上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的效果良好 ,在中温 (35～ 4 0℃ )消化时高浓度 (30 0 0～ 80 0 0mg·L-1)进水COD的去除率达 95 %左右 ,常温消化的COD去除率也可达 90 %左右 ;反应器的容积负荷可达 5kgCOD·m-3d-1以上 ;上流式厌氧过滤器启动期短 ,耐冲击性好。     

接种不同污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应器的启动与运行

采用两套相同的小试USAB系统,分别接种普通厌氧颗粒污泥与好氧活性污泥的混合污泥和河底污泥,以含NH4 和NO2-的自配废水为进水,在30℃和水力停留时间分别为10 h和7 h的条件下,经过320 d和264 d的运行,均成功实现了厌氧氨氧化过程,氨氮去除率达到95%和81%,亚硝酸氮去除率达到99.4%和88.5%,进水氨氮负荷达到1.25 kgNH4 -N*m-3d-1和0.82 kgNH4 -N*m-3d-1;污泥性状发生了较明显变化,在其中一个反应器中获得了厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,扫描电镜观察发现污泥中主要存在形状不规则的细菌;两个反应器稳定运行时所去除的氨氮与亚硝酸氮的比值约为1.05,与文献报道有显著差别.     

含高浓度甲醛的丙烯酸及丙烯酸酯生产废水厌氧生物处理的试验研究

采用厌氧UASB反应器处理含有高浓度甲醛的丙烯酸及丙烯酸酯生产废水的稀释液,进水有机物和甲醛负荷分别为3.04 kgCOD.m-3d-1和0.22 kgFA.m-3d-1,相应的进水有机物和甲醛浓度分别为1896.9 mgCOD.L-1和139.9 mgFA.L-1,二者的去除率分别达到95.1%和91.8%以上,出水浓度分别低于93.2 mgCOD.L-1和11.4 mg-FA.L-1。     

上流式污泥床过滤器处理生物质气化发电焦油废水--厌氧污泥驯化和颗粒化研究

处理生物质气化发电焦油废水的上流式污泥床过滤器(UBF)内厌氧污泥在环境温度(16～36℃)条件下完成驯化并实现颗粒化,其间焦油废水的COD比例是主要影响因素。UBF反应器稳定运行时,在HRT为66 9h,OLR为0 65～0 75kgCOD·m-3d-1的条件下,焦油废水COD平均去除率达到26%。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

农村剩余劳动力就业问题的探讨

论述了我国农村剩余劳动力就业的意义，并针对我国农村剩余劳动力的现状，提出多渠道促进农村剩余劳动力就业的途径和办法。     

车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究

研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

乡（镇）农业技术推广体系存在的问题及对策

乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。     

草莓的采收与贮藏

草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。