MeJA与低温预贮对枇杷冷害和活性氧代谢的影响

 研究了低温预贮（10 ℃ 6 d）结合茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA 10 µmol · L^-1）处理对‘解放钟’枇杷果实冷害和活性氧代谢的影响。发现低温预贮与MeJA结合处理,能够有效降低冷藏枇杷的冷害指数,抑制果实硬度的上升和出汁率的下降;此外,显著减少枇杷果实中丙二醛（MDA）的积累并抑制细胞膜透性的升高,维持超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（AsA-POD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-POD）较高的活性,并降低超氧阴离子（）生成速率和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量。结果表明,低温预贮与MeJA结合处理可以维持枇杷果实活性氧代谢平衡,延缓膜脂过氧化进程,从而减轻枇杷在冷藏过程中的冷害症状,延长果实贮藏寿命。     

自由基清除剂对延缓青花菜花蕾衰老的效应

青花菜采后花蕾迅速衰老，叶绿素和蛋白质含量明显下降，超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活性随衰老进程先升高而后下降，丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）持续增加，细胞膜透性迅速增大。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ６－苄基腺嘌呤（６－ＢＡ）处理明显延缓叶绿素和蛋白质的降解，提高ＳＯＤ活性，对ＣＡＴ激活尤为明显，抑制了Ｈａｂｅｒ－Ｗｅｉｓｓ反应，降低过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）和羟基自由基（ＯＨ）含量，延缓膜脂过氧化作用，降低子ＭＤＡ含量，减小膜渗漏，延缓花蕾衰老。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ６－ＢＡ中加入０２％苯甲酸钠（ＳＢＮ），对６－ＢＡ产生的各种延衰效应均有增效作用，进一步推迟花蕾衰老。２００ｍｇ／Ｌ抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）促进叶绿素和蛋白质降解，在提高ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ活性的同时，ＭＤＡ反而明显增加，膜透性迅速增大，加速衰老。     

油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫黄瓜幼苗根系线粒体抗氧化系统及其细胞超微结构的影响

 以黄瓜品种‘中农6 号’为试材,采用营养液水培,研究了24–表油菜素内酯（EBR）在低氧胁迫下对黄瓜幼苗根系线粒体抗氧化系统及其细胞超微结构的影响。结果表明：低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系线粒体超氧阴离子产生速率、过氧化氢（H2O2）和丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高,根系活力下降,根尖细胞受到伤害,处理第3 天其SOD、POD、CAT 酶活性均受到诱导而高于对照,随着处理时间延长至6 d 时又显著低于对照;而低氧胁迫下在营养液中添加EBR 可在较长时间内维持较高的SOD、POD、CAT 等抗氧化酶活性,降低产生速率、H₂O₂ 和MDA 含量,提高根系活力,减轻根尖细胞受伤程度。可见油菜素内酯对缓解低氧胁迫对黄瓜幼苗根系线粒体抗氧化系统及其超微结构的影响均有良好的效应,可有效缓解低氧胁迫造成的伤害。     

霜疫病菌侵染对荔枝果实生理变化的影响

测定了荔枝果实人工接种霜疫病菌后呼吸速率、乙烯释放量的变化和果皮中氧化、过氧化作用以及与酚类氧化有关的几种酶活性的变化。结果表明,接种霜疫病菌的荔枝果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量显著增高,果皮中活性氧(O2-)产生速率和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,过氧化物酶(POD)和多酚氧化物酶(PPO)活性增高。这是霜疫病加速采收后荔枝果实衰老、褐变、腐烂的重要原因之一。     

高温胁迫对不同耐热性菜心材料生理特性的差异研究

以4个耐热性存在差异的菜心品种(系)为试材,研究持续高温胁迫对菜心叶片中渗透调节物质、电解质渗漏率、活性氧的产生与清除的影响。结果表明:短期(1d)高温胁迫下,除过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性在耐热性弱的菜心材料中急剧增加,且达到活力最高值外,其它性状如脯氨酸和甜菜碱含量、电解质渗漏率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)酶活性出现小幅度增加,且这些性状的值在4个菜心材料间差异不大;随着高温胁迫处理时间的延长(3～7d),生理指标在4个材料中呈现不同程度的增加,表现出耐热性强的材料的甜菜碱含量、SOD、POD和CAT酶活性均明显高于耐热性弱的材料,电解质渗漏率、MDA含量、O2.产生速率、H2O2含量则明显低于耐热性弱的材料;而脯氨酸含量的高低则未表现出与菜心耐热性强弱的对应关系。     

《新编拉汉英植物名称》王宗训主编

AIM: To study the protective effects of non-mitogenic human fibroblast growth factor (nm-haFGF) on cardiomyocytes injured by reactive oxygen free radicals. METHODS: The cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal SD mouse by trypsin digestion. The cardiomyocytes injury model was established by exposing the cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the injury status in cardiomyocytes were evaluated by examining the cellular viability, measuring cell apoptosis and observing the change of cellular morphology. nm-haFGF was added to the culture medium, and the changes of cellular viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and celluar apoptosis were observed. RESULTS: A dose-dependence relation between the concentration of H2O2 and the cardiomyocytes injury was observed. 10-80 μg/L nm-haFGF dose-dependently increased cardiomyocyte viability and the general SOD activity, as well as decreased the content of MDA and the quantity of cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION: The higher the concentration of H2O2, the more serious the cardiomyocyte injury. nm-haFGF may have a good protective effects on cardiomyocytes treated with H2O2.     

芍药切花瓶插期衰老进程及膜脂过氧化研究

以6个芍药品种‘春晓’、‘山河红’、‘奇花争露’、‘紫凤朝阳’、‘菱花晨浴’、‘蓝海碧波’的切花为材料,瓶插观察其外部形态特征变化,测其膜透性、MDA含量、 超氧阴离子生成速率及SOD、CAT活性的变化,研究其衰老进程、膜脂过氧化与瓶插寿命的关系。结果表明：‘春晓’、‘菱花晨浴’、‘奇花争露’能达到最大开放程度,盛开期为3 d,瓶插寿命分别为8 d、7 d和7 d;‘山河红’、‘紫凤朝阳’、‘蓝海碧波’盛开期为2 d,瓶插寿命均为6 d。瓶插过程中,膜透性、MDA含量、 超氧阴离子生成速率持续上升, SOD、CAT活性先上升后下降。膜脂过氧化造成的细胞膜损伤是启动芍药切花衰老的生理原因之一。     

Cytoprotective role of low-dose sodium nitrite preconditioning against H2O2 induced damage in PC12 cells

AIM: To study the cytoprotective role of NaNO2 preconditioning against H2O2 induced damage in PC12 cells. METHODS: PC12 cells were treated with different concentrations of NaNO2 for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The viability of the cells was measured by MTT method and cell counting. The apoptotic rate of PC12 was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining to calculate the ratio of the cells between concentrated and broken nucleus in the total cell count. PC12 cells were pretreated with NaNO2 at concentration of 3 mmol/L for 24 h. The cytoprotective role to the toxicity of H2O2 at concentration of 1.1 mmol/L for 6 h was observed by MTT. The cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and staining with Hoechst 33258 and PI. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the changes of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by the method of colorimetry. RESULTS: The dose-response results showed that the effect of NaNO2 on PC12 cell proliferation was a typical β-shape curve. The maximal stimulatory response was at 24 h, and the concentration of the maximum stimulatory response was 1.4 mmol/L. The maximal stimulation of the concentration-responses was 156% above the control. No observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 6 mmol/L. IC50 was 45 mmol/L. When the cells were pretreated by NaNO2 at concentration of 3 mmol/L for 24 h, and then exposed to H2O2 at concentration of 1.1 mmol/L for 6 h, the proliferation rate was increased as compared to the cells treated with H2O2 alone. Under the conditions of treating the cells with NaNO2 at concentration of 3 mmol/L to induce the adaptive response, then exposing the cells to H2O2 at concentration of 1.1 mmol/L, the apoptosis rate in non-preconditioning group was 44.9%, the apoptosis rate in preconditioning group was 19.1%, the difference was significant (P<0.05). The cytoprotective effect of NaNO2 was inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) scavenger ferrohemoglobin. The activities of SOD, CAT and the level of GSH-Px were markedly increased, the content of MDA decreased in preconditioning group. CONCLUSION: Exposure of NaNO2 at concentration of <6 mmol/L induces hormesis on PC12 cells. Low dose of nitrite plays an important role in cytoprotection by reducing nitrite to NO, indicating that decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in endogenous antioxidants may play a key role in cytoprotection induced by preconditioning with low dose of NaNO2 in PC12 cells.     

钙对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统的影响

以黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）品种‘津春2号’为材料,采用Hogland营养液栽培研究了Ca2+对盐（NaCl）胁迫下黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）含量、超氧阴离子（）产生速率以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响。结果表明：盐胁迫处理下,黄瓜幼苗体内可溶性蛋白和MDA含量、产生速率以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性均高于对照;营养液中加入Ca2+（8 mmol • L-1）后,幼苗体内可溶性蛋白含量和SOD、POD、CAT抗氧化酶活性进一步提高,而MDA含量和的产生速率降低;而营养液缺钙处理下幼苗体内MDA和产生速率进一步提高,可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性较盐胁迫降低。可见外源Ca2+可通过促进盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗植株体内抗氧化酶活性的提高,降低膜脂过氧化水平,减缓盐胁迫对植株的伤害,从而增强对盐胁迫的适应性。     

Dexamethasone pretreatment attenuates reperfusion arrhythmia in rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) preconditioning on reperfusion arrhythmia. METHODS: 46 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into DEX and control (CON) group, the rats were pretreated with DEX or sodium chloride before their hearts were separated for Langendorff perfusion and for ischemia/reperfusion. The reperfusion arrhythmias were observed dynamically after 60 min reperfusion following 30 min ischemia. The expression of HSP72 in myocardium was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry at reperfusion 60 min. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and the activities of Na+-K+-ATP ase, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase on myocardial plasma membrane were detected. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the accumulated points and persistence time of ventricular arrhythmia were reduced significantly in DEX group (P<0.05), the expression of HSP72 was significant upregulated (P<0.05), the level of MDA was reduced significantly, the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and Na+-K+-ATPase were significantly higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone pretreatment markedly reduces the reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in rats, which may be attributed to upregulation of HSP72, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px , Na+-K+-ATPase and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.     

Injury effect of recombinant soluble human CD40 ligand on human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM: To investigate the damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by recombinant soluble human CD40 ligand (rshCD40L). METHODS: The cultured HUVECs were treated with rshCD40L for 12 h. The survival activity of the HUVECs was observed by MTS assay. The expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, tissue factor (TF) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) was measured by ELISA. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by the methods of thibabituric acid (TBA). RESULTS: Compared with normal group, different concentrations of rshCD40L (0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg/L) had no obvious effect on the survival activity of the HUVECs (P>0.05). rshCD40L at concentration of 0.5 mg/L promoted the secretion of E-selectin, sICAM-1, TF and TFPI in the HUVECs (P<0.01). rshCD40L at concentration of 0.5 mg/L also increased MDA content and reduced the activity of SOD in the HUVECs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: 0.5~3mg/L rshCD40L has no obvious effect on endothelial cell survival, but already causes endothelial dysfunction by increasing endothelial inflammation and exogenous coagulation reaction, inducing lipid peroxides injury and reducing antioxidant capacity.     

Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate endothelial cell injury caused by homocysteine via AMPK pathway

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injured by homocysteine (Hcy) and its mechanism. METHODS:HUVECs cultured in vitro were divided into 4 groups:control group, APS group[APS (200 mg/L) treatment for 24 h], Hcy group[Hcy (1 mmol/L) treatment for 24 h], and Hcy+APS group[Hcy (1 mmol/L) and APS (200 mg/L) co-treatment for 24 h]. The cell viability were measured by MTT assay. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in HUVECs were detected by the commercial kits. The mRNA expression of SOD1, catalase (CAT) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) was detected by RT-qPCR. The protein levels of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and phosphorylated AMPKα (p-AMPKα) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with control group, the cell viability, the activity of SOD, and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and CAT in the HUVECs were decreased, but the activity of LDH, the content of MDA, and the mRNA expression of NOX2 were increased significantly in Hcy group(P<0.05). APS inhibited the decrease in cell viability, and the increases in LDH acti-vity and MDA content induced by Hcy. APS increased SOD activity and the mRNA expression of SOD1 and CAT, but reduced the mRNA expression of NOX2. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, reduced the protective effect of APS on HUVECs injured by Hcy. CONCLUSION:APS protects HUVECs from Hcy-induced injury via AMPK signaling pathway to regulate intracellular oxidative stress.     

水杨酸对根际低氧胁迫八棱海棠幼苗活性氧代谢的影响

 采用营养液水培系统,以苹果砧木八棱海棠(Malus robusta Rehd.)为试材,用叶面喷施的方法,研究了外源水杨酸(salicylic acid ,SA)对根际低氧胁迫下八棱海棠叶片活性氧(ROS)代谢的影响。结果表明：低氧胁迫下八棱海棠叶片丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子 (O₂)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和抗氧化酶活性均高于对照,而抗坏血酸(AsA)含量低于对照;外源SA明显抑制MDA和O₂的积累,显著增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性。说明SA作为化学诱抗剂,可抑制低氧胁迫下苹果幼苗体内活ROS的产生,提高抗氧化酶的活性,降低膜脂过氧化水平,从而减轻低氧胁迫对植株的伤害。     

Stimulation of ROS-scavenging systems in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants by compost supplementation under normal and low temperature conditions

The beneficial effect of compost, the final product of aerobic biodegradation of organic matter, on growth, lipid peroxidation [as malondialdehyde (MDA], hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and superoxide anion (O₂^•−), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as reduced ascorbate (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) and their oxidized forms was investigated in squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Eskandarany) plants exposed to normal and low temperature (LT) conditions. LT stress of 8 °C significantly reduced the plant growth of untreated plants, but compost alleviated the adverse effect of stress and significantly increased the fresh and dry weights under normal and stress conditions. LT also induced accumulation of H₂O₂ and O₂^•− and resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, pointing out to cellular oxidative stress. Under compost application, such reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidized lipids were markedly reduced, but SOD, CAT, APX and GR activities, key enzymes of ROS-scavenging systems, were significantly increased. Data also indicated that there were general reductions in total ascorbate and glutathione pool in LT control plants, but compost-treated ones considerably have maintained higher levels of such redox metabolites. Significantly higher ratios of ASC/DHA (dehydroascorbate) and GSH/GSSG (glutathione disulfide) were generally found in compost-treated plants than in untreated-ones. It is evident that compost induced enhancement of LT tolerance was related to up-regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Such enhancement would eventually protect plant cells from LT-induced oxidative stress reactions via scavenging ROS.     

NaCl胁迫对耐盐性不同葡萄株系叶片活性氧代谢及清除系统的影响

探究耐盐性不同的葡萄株系叶片活性氧产生及其清除系统对盐胁迫的响应,以期揭示耐盐性较强的葡萄种间杂交F1代株系的耐盐机制。采用组培苗营养液培养方式,以山葡萄‘左山一’与砧木SO4杂交初选的耐盐性较强的F1代株系（A15、A17）为试材,以1103P为参照品种,进行100 mmol · L-1 NaCl处理,测定各株系叶片的 产生速率、H2O2含量、相对电导率、MDA含量和叶绿素含量以及抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物质含量等指标,并观察叶绿体超微结构。结果表明,100 mmol · L-1 NaCl胁迫下,耐盐性较强的A15和A17能够维持较高的SOD、CAT、POD等抗氧化酶的活性,保持AsA-GSH循环系统中较高的AsA和GSH含量以及APX、GR等酶的活性,ROS、MDA产生较少,相对电导率升高幅度较小,叶绿体结构较完整,维持较高的叶绿体色素含量;而耐盐性较弱的1103P体内产生大量的ROS和MDA,叶绿体膜结构的完整性遭到破坏,叶绿素含量下降幅度大。     

甜樱桃红色素的体外抗氧化活性

为了开发功能性食用色素新资源,以酿酒剩余皮渣为原料,采用水浸提-大孔吸附树脂分离纯化甜樱桃红色素,并从还原能力、抗脂质过氧化和抑制邻苯三酚自氧化3个方面研究了甜樱桃红色素的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,采用大孔吸附树脂可以有效分离纯化甜樱桃皮渣中的红色素,甜樱桃红色素具有较强的还原能力,并可有效抑制亚油酸的过氧化和邻苯三酚自氧化,且抑制效果与浓度密切相关。在试验浓度范围内,其对亚油酸过氧化和邻苯三酚自氧化的最大抑制率分别可达到99．53％和99．11％。因此,甜樱桃红色素是一种具有良好抗氧化活性的功能性天然食用色素。     

H2O2诱导低温胁迫下草莓苗抗冷性研究

以草莓品种“丰香”为试材,研究了在低温胁迫下叶面喷施低浓度H2O2后草莓相关抗逆性生理指标的特性.结果表明:不同浓度H2O2处理抑制低温胁迫草莓叶细胞电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)含量的增加,增强了草莓叶细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性.     

水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃抗氧化系统和脂类过氧化的影响

 以盆栽年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料, 分别设对照、轻度胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫个处理,研究土壤水分胁迫对云锦杜鹃叶片脂类过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明与对照和轻度胁迫相比,中度和重度胁迫导致了活性氧产生速率、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量、质膜透性和过氧化物酶活性显著升高谷胧甘肤含量、类胡萝卜素含量和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低。而抗坏血酸含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性则在中度水分胁迫下上升, 重度水分胁迫下下降。过度水分胁迫导致脂类过氧化严重, 对云锦杜鹃生长造成一定的伤害。     

山药糖蛋白体外抗氧化活性研究

采用热水浸提法提取山药糖蛋白,经DEAE-52和SephadexG-75柱层析纯化,得到两种山药糖蛋白纯品,分析其体外抗氧化活性,包括还原能力以及对H2O2、、·OH、DPPH的清除作用、对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力,并分别与抗坏血酸效果作比较。结果表明,山药糖蛋白具有较高的还原能力,对H2O2、、·OH、DPPH有一定的清除能力,对脂质体过氧化具有抑制作用。山药糖蛋白的抗氧化活性在一定浓度范围内（0 ~ 20 mg · mL-1）存在量效关系,随着山药糖蛋白浓度的增加,其还原能力和对H2O2、、· OH、DPPH清除能力增加,但对脂质体过氧化的抑制是先增加后降低。在相同浓度下,山药糖蛋白CYG-1的抗氧化能力稍弱于山药糖蛋白CYG-2。     

Effects of phytoestrogen α-zearalanol on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HUVECs

AIM:To investigate the effects of phytoestrogen α-zearalanol (ZAL) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury and mechanism involved in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS:HUVECs were exposed to hypoxia for 3 hours and then reoxygenation 1 hour. ZAL or 17β-estradiol (E₂) at concentrations of 10-9-10-6 mol/L were pretreated before hypoxia. The survival rate of HUVECs was detected by MTT. Either the activities of LDH and SOD or the level of MDA in supernatant was detected by spectrophotometry. RESULTS:The survival rate of HUVECs and the activity of SOD were significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the activity of LDH and the level of MDA were significantly increased (P<0.01) after H/R. These changes were reversed by pretreatment with ZAL or E₂, and there was no significant difference between their effects in the same dose of ZAL and E₂. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that phytoestrogen ZAL protects HUVECs from H/R injury by inhibiting the oxidative stress, which was similar to E₂.