Regulatory effects of taurine up-regulated gene 1 on tumorigenesis

It has been estimated that approximately 75% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA,74% of which would be transcribed into non-coding RNA (ncRNA).The ncRNA can be divided into 2 major groups including small RNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA).There is increasing evidence that the dysregulation of lncRNA is closely associated with the occurrence and progression of many tumors.The lncRNA taurine up-regulated gene 1(TUG1) is originally detected in a genomic screen for genes in response to taurine treatment of developing mouse retinal cells.According to research reports,dysregulation of TUG1 participates in the progression of a variety of tumors.Therefore,the regulatory effects of lncRNA TUG1 on tumorigenesis are summarized in this article.     

Roles of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in various diseases

It is well know that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 （SARS-CoV-2） can enter host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, which is a key step in the development of coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19）. At the same time, ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and regulates many biological functions, including inflammation, cell proliferation and oxidative stress, as a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. It plays an important role in the changes of physiological functions and pathological diseases of multiple systems and organs. Therefore, in addition to COVID-2019, ACE2 is also a potential therapeutic target for the diseases such as acute lung injury, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and kidney diseases. This article reviews the mechanism of ACE2 in the above diseases and new strategies for therapeutic application.     

Changes of expressive proteome of renal tissues in chronic intermittent hypoxic rats

AIM: To obtain the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis maps of renal tissue proteins for identifying the differentially expressed proteins in the chronic intermittent hypoxic rats. METHODS: The rat model of chronic intermittent hypoxia was established. The rats lived in the normoxia environment were used for control. The proteins in the renal tissues underwent two-dimensiona1 gel electrophoresis with immobiline pH gradient isoelectric focusing as the first and vertical SDS-PAGE as the second dimension. Analysis of 2-DE maps was performed to determine the differential expression of proteins between the two groups by the software of ImageMaster 2D Platinum V5.0, in which 4 protein spots expressed differentially were picked up for further identification by MALDI-TOF-MS. RESULTS: Matched and compared with those in control group, 112 protein spots were determined in chronic intermittent hypoxia group. By MALDI-TOF-MS, 4 protein spots with the highest differentially expressive levels were identified as ATP synthase delta subunit mitochondrial precursor, hexokinase, catechol O-methyltransferase and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonudease/redox factor-1. The functions of these identified proteins are involved in cellular energy metabolism, apoptosis, signal transduction, anti-cell injury and hormone metabolism. CONCLUSION: There are obvious differences in expressive proteomes in renal tissue between normoxic and chronic intermittent hypoxic rats. Proteomics can serve as a new approach in the study of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome for discovering new therapeutic targets.     

Biological functions and clinical significance of secretogranin III

AIM: Secretogranin III (SCG3/Sg III) is extensively distributed in endocrine or endocrine-like cells in human body and plays an important role in some biological functions by regulating peptide hormone secretion and neuroendocrine activity.The distribution and functions of SCG3 make itself as not only one of the most useful biological markers in association with neuroendocrine functions, but also a potential indicator of diagnostic and prognostic evaluation in certain diseases.The gene and protein structures, tissue expression, biological functions as well as pathophysiology and clinical significance of SCG3 are reviewed in this article.     

Long non-coding RNA and diabetes mellitus

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs, which are longer than 200 nucleotides without containing functional open reading frame and cannot encode protein. The study of lncRNA will help to understand the multi-level expression regulatory network of the body, and is expected to provide the basis of prediction, diagnosis and treatment of complex diseases. Although the functions and mechanism of lncRNA remain unclear, some studies indicate that lncRNA is involved in the development of diabetes mellitus, and those lncRNAs may be new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.     

Research progress in association between angiopoietin-like protein 2 and inflammation-related diseases

Chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases are a subclinical process caused by innate system disorders. In recent years, with the study of chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases, inflammation has become a hot topic of major human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and autoimmune diseases. Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is one of the emerging angiogenesis-related factors. Studies show that ANGPTL2 induces vascular inflammation, insulin resistance and other characteristics. The article reviews the research progress in association between angiopoietin-like protein 2 and inflammation-related diseases.     

Progress in mitoepigenetic regulation and Alzheimer disease

Mitochondrion is an organelle containing its own genome in eukaryotic cells, which encodes 37 genes involved in mitochondrial functions. Mitoepigenetic regulation is a major form of mitochondrial genome-encoded genes that regulates the expression levels without altering the sequences of the genes. The mitoepigenetic regulation is involved in the occurrence and development of various diseases. This paper reviews the progress of mitoepigenetic regulation and Alzheimer disease.     

Signal transduction pathway and blocking strategies of NF-κB

NF-κB is thought of as a genetic switch to control expressions of many target genes and directly participates in pathogenesis of infection, inflammation, stress, immunoresponse, cellular apoptosis, toxic shock and tumor as well as cell-cycle regulation and cell differentiation.The overactivation of NF-κB is intimately involved in many human diseases.Various therapeutic strategies against NF-κB, to date, in-clude anti-inflammatory drugs, antioxidants, immunosuppressive agents, inhibitors of protease and protea-some, prostaglandings, nitric oxide, IL-10, microbial products, synthetic inhibitors, antisense oligon cleotides and decoy deoxyoligonucleotides.Studies are underway to develop NF-κB member-specific and cell type-specific drugs that can inhibit the activation of NF-κB only in target cells and that may become a novel way to treat the human diseases.     

Advances in experimental research in HCV cell model and anti-HCV effect of As2O3

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a human pathogen responsible for liver diseases including acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the high prevalence, the absence of antiviral drugs and vaccines for prevention and treatment are the difficult medical problems. Lacking appropriate culture method and small animal model have severely limited investigation of the HCV infection mechanism and the development of the therapeutic strategy. Recently, the in vitro culture system develops rapidly, and provides a powerful tool for HCV related research. Despite the well known toxicity of the chemical, arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) is effective for treating the patients with refractory or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia and many other cancers. Interestingly, As₂O₃ shows the ability of inhibiting HCV RNA replication and infection. This review describes the different types of in vitro HCV models developed, and many studies of the potent effect of As₂O₃ against HCV and its associated molecular mechanisms.     

Construction of human era eukaryotic expression vector with EGFP tag and effects of human Era on cell morphogenesis and cell cycle

AIM: To construct eukaryotic expressive vectors of human era and analyze the effect of era on morphogenesis and cell cycle in vitro . METHODS: Two eukaryotic expressive vectors of EGFP-hEra fusion protein named pSMEGFP-hEra and pEGFP-C1-hEra were constructed and transfected into mouse fibroblast cell line NIH3T3 by way of lipofectin. Morphogenesis and cell cycle were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometer, respectively. RESULTS: Fusion protein of EGFP and human Era localized in cytoplasm around cell nucleus mainly. No morphologic change was examined, cell cycle analysis revealed the cell number of S phase lightly decreased. CONCLUSION: Human era may play a key role in cell cycle, these results may shed light on the further study of the function of this new gene.     

Disease mechanisms and emergence therapies: protein kinases and their inhibitors in cardiovascular diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. So far, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs. There are multiple cell signaling cascades, some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious. The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state. Protein phosphorylation, which is mediated by enzymes, called protein kinases, is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals. Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers. By now, there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases. The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs. Here, we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.     

Progress on epigenetic regulation of long noncoding RNAs in cardiac development and heart diseases

It was previously revealed that noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs, control cardiac genes and regulate heart function. Recently, growing evidence from high-throughput genomic platforms has confirmed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as new and enigmatic regulators in cardiac development and homeostasis. Nevertheless, little is known about their characteristics compared to microRNAs. Here, we review the latest progress on lncRNAs in cardiac biology and diseases, summarizing detailed knowledge of their functions and novel cardiac-related gene regulatory mechanisms in epigenetic processes. Finally, we highlight that lncRNAs could be promising therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers in cardiac pathophysiology.     

萝卜病毒病小RNA 分析及资源抗性表现

病毒病是为害萝卜的主要病害之一。基于核酸检测的植物病毒病检测技术，因其检测范围广、灵敏度高、适合大批 量检测而得以广泛应用。本试验利用小RNA 高通量测序方法鉴定萝卜病毒病的种类，并调查分析了264 份萝卜核心种质资 源及育种品系对病毒病的抗性。结果表明：萝卜病毒病的主要病原为芜菁花叶病毒（TuMV）。参试的核心种质资源和品系 多数表现出较好的抗性，且不同品系姊妹系间抗性表现基本趋于一致。田间抗病性调查结果显示：抗病材料有103 份，高抗 材料有64 份，且有25 份材料达到免疫。