盐酸浸提-AAS法测定植物钾、钙、镁含量的检测条件优化与改进

为了优化盐酸浸提-AAS法的检测条件,在植物颗粒不同粒径、振荡不同时间、浸提不同温度、浸提不同方式及不同浓度盐酸浸提条件下,以盐酸浸提法测定钾、钙、镁含量。结果表明,盐酸浸提法适宜采用过60目筛的植物颗粒,以室温盐酸浸提,适宜振荡时间为90min。以热盐酸浸提,适宜采用55℃热盐酸振荡60min,盐酸适宜浓度为1mol/L,盐酸浸提样品的适宜方式为振荡。本实验提出的盐酸浸提-AAS方法准确高效,经济安全,操作方便,适用于批量样品的检测分析。     

油橄榄叶果营养元素动态及其相关性

本研究旨在了解重庆合川地区油橄榄树体的营养状况和果实膨大规律及其相关性,为该地区油橄榄的平衡有效施肥提供依据,实现丰产优质栽培的目的。以不同生长时期内3株树势相同,无病虫害的7年生‘豆果’油橄榄树为研究材料,基于硝酸—盐酸—高氯酸消煮—ICP法测定叶片和果实中大量和微量元素P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn含量,凯氏定氮法测定元素N含量,游标卡尺测定果实纵横径。结果表明：“豆果”生长期内,大量元素在叶片和果实中随果实膨大存在不同变化趋势。总体上,叶片中大量元素含量趋势为K>Ca>N>P>Mg;果实中大量元素含量趋势为K>N>Ca>P>Mg。对微量元素Fe的需求量明显高于元素Mn、Zn、Cu,且叶片中元素Fe远高于果实中的。叶片内部-果实内部-叶片-果实间矿质元素含量以及果实膨大-叶片果实矿质元素含量存在普遍的显著相关性。从矿质元素在“豆果”叶片、果实中的含量动态变化趋势来看,营养元素N、K、Ca在发育期中一直保持相对较高水平,肥料施用上应充分满足;考虑到元素间的拮抗和协同关系,建议生产上施用N肥时还应搭配P肥、K肥、微量元素肥（含Cu和Zn）施用,以达到丰产优质栽培的目的。     

库拉索芦荟大黄素制备工艺研究

以库拉索芦荟石为原料,利用溶剂提取法得到芦荟苷,三氯化铁氧化法制备芦荟大黄素。单因素试验考查氧化剂用量、氧化反应时间、反应温度、盐酸浓度和盐酸用量等因素对大黄素转化率的影响;采用响应面法试验设计,优化大黄素转化工艺。最优工艺参数为盐酸浓度7.13 mol/L,盐酸体积100 m L,三氯化铁16.69 g,氧化时间6.68 h,氧化温度104.97℃时,转化率为85.48%。     

Structure on Electrochromic Wox Films by Magnetron Sputtering Method

Using pure tungsten as target, WO_(x)films were deposited on ITOglass substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering. Through the XRD and STM methods, its crystal structure and surface microstructureare analyzed, and the relations between electrochromic properties and microstructure are discussed. The experimental results show that either in the colored or in the bleached state WO_(x)film deposited by magnetron sputtering method in such a condition is amorphous, as well as it is in the deposited state. The electrochromic action makes the color of the film change reversibly, and consequentiallyalso makes the microstructure change reversibly. The injection or extraction of Li~(+)does not make the basic structure of WO_(x)film change greatly, but makes the surface appearancedifferent, as a result, the accumulatemode of radical clusters tends to be more regular and low-energy mode.     

Mannich Reactions of Aromaitic Aldehydes with Aromatic Amines and Aromatic Ketones

Mannich reactions of aromatic aldehydes with aromatic amines amines and aromatic ketones are performed at room temperature or slightly below in the presence of concetrated hydrochloric acid as the catalyst.Forty one new compounds are synthesized with yields of 18.9% to 92%.The effect of substituent in the ring.the amount of hydrochloric acid,reaction temperature and reaction time are systematically examined as well.     

响应面优化棉子饼粕中棉酚的提取条件

 采用响应曲面法的Box-Behnken模式,以盐酸和80%乙醇混合溶液作为提取液浸提棉子饼粕中棉酚工艺条件进行了研究,并建立提取棉酚的二次多项数学模型,探讨了主要因素的影响效应及其交互作用。采用响应曲面法优化得出的最佳工艺条件为：浸提温度60℃,提取液用量为26 mL·g^-1,盐酸浓度为1 mol·L^-1,浸提时间为3.6 h,提取次数1次时,提取量为8.80 mg·g^-1。     

Preparation and characterization of carbon cones by reaction plasma

Carbon cones are prepared on Si substrates film in plasma-enhanced hot filament chemical vapor deposition system using CH4, H2 and NH3 as the reaction gas, and the substrates are deposited with Ti and carbon film, respectively. Morphology and structure of the carbon cones are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX)and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The SEM results indicate that the carbon cones are formed on the Si substrate deposited with carbon film. Furthermore, the EDX and Raman spectra indicate that the formed carbon cones are carbon nitride structure, which are composed of sp 3 C-N, sp 2 C and sp 2 C=N bonds. According to the mechanisms of sputtering and diffusion, the formation of carbon cones is analyzed. Simultaneously, the photoluminescence background in the Raman spectrum of carbon cones is analyzed, and results indicate that the carbon cone evolves from nonpolar carbon material to polarity carbon material due to the doping of nitrogen.     

不同棚膜对设施桃果实品质的影响

以日光温室栽培的4年生毛桃品种‘台农甜蜜’(Prunus persica cv.tainongtianmi)为试材,研究了涂覆型消雾无滴膜和内添加型消雾无滴膜的光温环境以及对果实品质的综合影响。结果表明：涂覆型消雾无滴膜比内添加型消雾无滴膜具有更好的紫外线-B透过率及保温保湿效果;同时涂覆型消雾无滴膜更有利于促进果实的生长以及糖、淀粉等的合成,可减少有机酸的合成,提高糖酸比,但不利于果实中蛋白质的合成。总体看来,涂覆型消雾无滴膜更有利于提高果实的综合品质。     

沟垄和覆膜连作种植对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响

为了探明不同沟垄覆膜连作种植对马铃薯生长特征及品质影响的差异,以当地主栽品种‘新大坪’为试验材料,研究了平畦不覆膜(CK)、平畦覆膜(T1)、全膜双垄垄播(T2)、全膜双垄沟播(T3)、半膜沟垄垄播(T4)、半膜膜侧种植(T5)6种栽培模式连作种植对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,沟垄和覆膜栽培能显著促进连作马铃薯生长,且T3处理促进作用最大;并能显著提高连作马铃薯产量,增产幅度为1.5%~29.8%,其中T2处理产量最高。沟垄和覆膜处理马铃薯薯块氨基酸总量和还原糖含量较CK存在显著差异,其中CK的氨基酸总量最高,T4的还原糖含量最高;而薯块干物质、蛋白质及淀粉含量差异未达到显著水平。     

覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响

地膜覆盖作为一项有效的旱作增产技术,可显著改善土壤水温生态条件,促进植物生长发育。为了解覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以‘山油4号’为研究材料,在大田试验条件下,分析了覆膜栽培对西藏春油菜生育期、干物质积累、农艺性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：覆膜栽培缩短生育期5天,株高、分枝部位、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、单角粒数均较露地栽培升高,千粒重降低。覆膜栽培产量为2601.67 kg/hm²,较露地栽培增产508.34 kg/hm²,增产率为24.28%。籽粒含油量增加了2.4%,芥酸和硫甙含量变化不大。说明覆膜栽培技术可以提高西藏春油菜的产量和品质,可作为一项重要的栽培措施在西藏油菜生产上运用。     

Effects of the Seed Film Coating Salicylic Acid on the Chilling Tolerance of Cotton Seedlings

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the different concentrations of the seed film coating salicylic acid on the cold tolerance of cotton seedlings using the sand culture method. The physiological response of cell membrane permeability, protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment of cotton seedling were measured before and after at low temperature stress and at normal temperature. The results showed that 1-10 mmol·L^－1 of seed film coating with salicylic acid seed coating treatment could effectively alleviate damage to cotton seedlings at low temperature, and the accumulation of the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde were reduced on cotton seedlings. The activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline contents increased sharply. These results indicate that film coating with salicylic acid can alleviate the effects of low temperature stress on seedling growth inhibition and improve the cotton seedlings by providing chilling tolerance, and the optimum treatment concentration salicylic acid is 5 mmol·L^－1.     

朝鲜蓟叶中绿原酸提取技术的研究

目的：研究采用朝鲜蓟新鲜叶片和干燥叶片进行绿原酸提取的最佳提取方式。方法：采用不同浓度的盐酸水溶液、乙醇、微波及高温处理等几种方式处理鲜叶样品;采用乙醇和盐酸水溶液处理干燥叶片,比较不同方式下绿原酸的提取效果。结果：采用0.1M盐酸水溶液和漂烫90秒后水提取两种方法对鲜叶中绿原酸的提取效果最好。干叶中绿原酸的提取效果以70% 乙醇作为提取剂的提取率最高。结论：采用适宜的提取条件分别从朝鲜蓟鲜叶和干叶中提取绿原酸是切实可行的。     

鸭血中提取血红素的研究初报

通过对鸭血抗凝试验、溶血试验、丙酮萃取试验、蒸发结晶等多参数进行研究,比较了水溶胀法、氯仿法以及超声波法对红细胞的溶血效果,以盐酸丙酮配比以及与溶血液体积比对鸭血中血红素提取的影响,确立了鸭血抗凝、超声波红细胞溶血、盐酸丙酮萃取、丙酮真空蒸馏回收等最佳方法,形成了鸭血血红素高产量、短周期提取工艺,有利于鸭血深加工的规模化生产。     

以嗜酸乳杆菌发酵虾头虾壳回收蛋白质和甲壳素的研究

利用嗜酸乳杆菌发酵虾头、虾壳,结合虾头、虾壳中内源蛋白酶的自溶作用,回收蛋白质和甲壳素。研究了影响发酵的因素并优化了发酵条件,分析了用稀盐酸脱除粗甲壳素(即发酵残渣)中的矿物质,制备食用级甲壳素的条件。研究结果表明,添加15%葡萄糖,固液比1∶2.5,接种量15%,初始pH值6.5,于40℃发酵48 h,得到的虾头、虾壳发酵液pH值低至3.79,蛋白质水解度达到21.9%;蛋白质回收率达到95.2%,发酵残渣(粗甲壳素)中仅残留2.71%矿物质,达到工业级甲壳素的纯度要求;以稀盐酸浸泡处理粗甲壳素,当浸泡温度为50℃,浸泡时间为1.5 h,粗甲壳素脱矿物质的效果最好,甲壳素中仅残留0.2%矿物质,达到食用级甲壳素的纯度要求。     

Ion Exchanging-Spectrophotometric Determination of Micro Amounts Gallium with Butylrhodamine B in Lead-Zinc Mineral I

This paper developed a spectrophotometric determination of micro amounts of Gallium with butylrhodamineB in lead-zinc mineral. Large amounts of interfering ions Zn 2+ ?Pb 2+ ?Al 3+ ?Ca 2+ can be separated by anion exchange resin. High bond ions can be eliminated by using 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid-ascorbic acid.Gallium remained in column can be eluted by 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid. In the presence of acidic and Titanium chloride, by means of benzene extracting,determined the ultraviolet-red complex combined GaCl - 4 with butylrhodamineB.The method has been applied to determination of micro amounts of Gallium in lead-zinc mineral satisfactorily.     

分光光度法测定猕猴桃根提取物中总三萜类成分的研究

运用分光光度法测定猕猴桃根中保肝活性有效成分总三萜的含量,从而建立比较快速的检测方法。以齐墩果酸为对照品,用质量浓度50g/L的香草醛醋酸溶液0.3mL,高氯酸1mL显色,60℃反应15min,在540nm波长处测定样品吸光度。结果显示,齐墩果酸质量浓度的线性范围为2～16.5μg/mL,线性关系良好,其回归方程为:Y=25.56X-0.078,R2=0.9937。该方法操作简便,结果稳定,重现性好,可作为猕猴桃根提取物中总三萜类成分检测的方法。     

Effects of modified atmosphere packaging with a silicon gum film as a window for gas exchange on Agrocybe chaxingu storage

The edible mushroom Agrocybe chaxingu was stored in packages with or without silicon gum film windows in three different modified atmosphere systems (5% O₂, with 5%, 10% and 15% CO₂) at a temperature of 3 ± 1 °C. The results showed that there were significant differences between the packages with and without the silicon gum film windows on O₂, CO₂, and ethylene concentrations, respiration rate, ascorbic acid content, electrolyte leakage and sensory characteristics. Compared to the packages without the silicon gum film windows, the packages with the windows were more effective for quality keeping of the stored mushrooms. This window kept the gas compositions of the packages at levels which avoided anaerobic respiration and resulting off-odors. Among three different modified atmosphere systems, the packages with the silicon gum film window with initial gas concentrations of 5% O₂ and 10% CO₂ were the most effective for maintaining mushroom quality.     

外源有机酸对荞麦幼苗铝毒害的缓解效应

研究了外源有机酸对荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)幼苗铝毒害的缓解效应，结果表明，0.4 mmol·L^-1的铝溶液能够显著抑制荞麦根的伸长，降低根系活力，增加叶细胞电解质渗漏率和丙二醛含量。铝溶液中加入不同浓度（0.2、0.4、0.8和1.2 mmol·L^-1）的草酸、柠檬酸或苹果酸后，以上伤害均减轻。用羊毛铬青R比色法检测表明，外源有机酸可以降低植物体各部位铝的含量。推测外源有机酸通过络合作用可以减少了根际和植物体内的铝数量，以达缓解铝毒害的目的。     

可降解地膜对石河子垦区棉花农艺性状及产量的影响

可降解地膜是解决“白色污染”的有效途径之一,其配方与气候条件相匹配是保证棉花正常生长和籽棉产量的先决条件。本研究以不同可降解地膜为供试材料,探讨不同降解地膜的降解情况及其对棉花农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,与不覆膜对照(CK)相比,常规地膜(PE)、二元酸二元醇共聚酯降解地膜(PBAT)、聚乳酸降解地膜(PLA)和光降解地膜(PPF)均促进棉花的生长,使其增产6.6%~21.3%;由于可降解地膜材料的不同,3种可降解地膜的降解特性以及对棉花农艺性状及产量的影响存在显著性差异(P<0.05);全生物降解地膜降解速度最快,比光降解地膜(PPF)提前进入诱导阶段,特别是主要成分为PBAT的全生物降解地膜覆膜120天后基本完全降解;由于过早的降解,其产量显著低于常规PE地膜,而主要成分为PLA的全生物降解地膜产量与常规PE地膜无显著性差异。综合考虑,主要成分为PLA的全生物降解地膜在石河子垦区覆盖与其区域气候条件和棉花生长匹配较好,棉花籽棉产量与常规PE地膜无显著差异。     

用于玉米品种抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标

通过对67个玉米品种幼苗叶片的水势、抗坏血酸、脯氨酸、电解质渗漏率和萎蔫分数在大田干旱条件下及室内水分胁迫条件下的测定证明,各指标对干旱反应的灵敏度顺序为:抗坏血酸>电解质渗漏率>脯氨酸>萎蔫分数。室内结果可代替大田结果。室内幼苗上述各指标测定结果可用于玉米品种抗旱性鉴定,但是可否用于分级有待进一步研究。