仔猪黄、白痢自家苗的制作及应用效果分析

采集长江大学试验猪场仔猪黄、白痢的粪便,分离致病性大肠杆菌,染色镜检确定纯种后,增菌培养24h,再活菌计数,计算大肠杆菌浓度,再加甲醛灭活即为自家苗。在本场随机挑选产期相近或相同的母猪24头,平均分成 A、B、C 3个组。将经过安全检查的自家苗接种于 A 组母猪,B 组注射 k88、k99基因工程苗,C 组不注射黄、白痢疫苗,观察仔猪黄、白痢发病情况。结果表明,注射自家苗的试验组的仔猪发病率与另外两组差异极显著(P<0.01),分别为8.5%、14.2%、48.2%;日增重分别多5.2%,8.0%;平均每头仔猪比另外两组多盈利10.4元、29.0元。     

仔猪黄、白痢自家菌的制作及应用效果分析

采集长江大学试验猪场仔猪黄、白痢的粪便，分离致病性大肠杆菌，染色镜检确定纯种后，增菌培养24h，再活菌计数，计算大肠杆菌浓度，再加甲醛灭活即为自家苗。在本场随机挑选产期相近或相同的母猪24头，平均分成A、B、C3个组。将经过安全检查的自家苗接种于A组母猪，B组注射k88、k99基因工程苗，C组不注射黄、白痢疫苗，观察仔猪黄、白痢发病情况。结果表明，注射自家苗的试验组的仔猪发病率与另外两组差异极显著（P〈0．01），分别为8．5％、14．2％、48．2％；日增重分别多5．2％，8．0％；平均每头仔猪比另外两组多盈利10．4元、29．0元。     

湘中地区大肠杆菌自家灭活苗的研制与应用

为研究大肠杆菌自家灭活苗的效果,选用从湘中丘陵区某中小型养猪场发病仔猪分离到的致病性大肠杆菌进行培养,制成猪大肠杆菌自家灭活苗,妊娠母猪于产前28d和14d各肌肉注射自家灭活苗5mL,所产仔猪于7日龄腹腔注射自家灭活苗2mL.试验结果证明,该灭活苗对仔猪黄白痢有较好的预防作用.     

母猪喂服中药"黄白痢散"对仔猪黄白痢的预防效果

根据中兽医辨证施治理论，选择了穿心莲、白头翁等中草药配成预防仔猪黄白痢的制剂“黄白痢散”，通过拌料喂服母猪进行了预防仔猪黄白痢的试验。18头胎次、体重、年龄、分娩期相近的待产母猪随机分为3组，一组为对照组(CK)，其余两组为处理组，两个处理组的母猪从产前5—7d开始，每头每天分别喂50g和100g黄白痢散1次，产后l一2d连喂2次，之后每隔7d再喂1次，直至断奶。结果表明：(1)“黄白痢散”煎剂在平板对所分离的大肠杆菌的平均抑菌圈直径为14．3mm；(2)添加“黄白痢散”的两个处理组分别获得83．22％和94．29％的保护率，效果显著(P＜0．01)，与CK相比，处理组黄白痢发病率分别下降了46．10％和58．06％，平均断奶窝重分别提高8．8lkg和11．06kg，而窝收益分别增加98．22元和l17．22元。由此可见，通过母猪饲料喂服“黄白痢散”，对大肠杆菌有一定的抑菌效果，可有效预防仔猪黄白痢，有显著的经济效益。     

孕猪应用K_(88)、K_(99)灭活菌和蒽诺沙星预防仔猪黄白痢

仔猪黄白痢一直严重影响着养猪业的发展,因而在防治上普遍受到养猪场、户的重视,应用大肠杆菌基因工程双价K88、K99灭活苗结合蒽诺沙星注射怀孕母猪,预防仔猪黄、白痢取得了较好的预防效果.     

仔猪黄、白痢的综合防治

1日常防制措施1.1妊娠母猪饲养管理疫苗的接种常选用以下几种疫苗。仔猪黄痢油剂苗,母猪临产前20-40天,肌肉注射,对仔猪黄痢的预防效果较好。大肠杆菌遗传工程活菌苗,母猪临产前20-25天口服,对仔猪黄白痢均有效。仔猪腹泻基因工程K88、K99双价灭活苗,母猪产前21天左右耳根皮下注射,主要预防仔猪黄痢。仔猪大肠埃希氏菌病三价灭活疫苗K88、K99、K987P,母猪产前15天、40天各肌肉注射一次,预防仔猪黄白痢。     

孕猪应用K88、K99灭活菌和葸诺沙星预防仔猪黄白痢

仔猪黄白痢一直严重影响着养猪业的发展,因而在防治上普遍受到养猪场、户的重视,应用大肠杆菌基因工程双价K88、K99灭活苗结合葸诺沙星注射怀孕母猪,预防仔猪黄、白痢取得了较好的预防效果。     

基因工程苗与"自家苗"防制仔猪黄白痢对比试验

通过胎次相同 ,产期相近的 15头撒坝经产母猪随机分 3组 ,每组 5头 ,试验Ⅰ组 (自家疫苗 ) ,试验Ⅱ组(K88K99·987P·F4 1) ,与对照组观察母猪分娩后仔猪发生黄白痢的情况。结果表明 :自家灭活疫苗对仔猪黄白痢防治效果较K88K99·987P·F4 1四价灭活疫苗效果明显 (P <0 0 5 )。     

大肠杆菌灭能苗预防仔猪黄白痢效果观察

试验选用本场怀孕母猪７０头，均匀分成Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ组，Ａ组母猪所产仔猪为ＭＭ工程菌苗注射组，Ｂ组仔猪为ＭＭ工程苗口服组，Ｃ组仔猪为自制大肠杆菌灭能苗注射组，Ｄ组为对照组，不做任何处理。结果Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ和Ｄ组仔猪黄白痢的发病率分别为２３４％、３２７％、８９％和７４０％。这表明利用自制大肠杆菌灭能苗注射预防仔猪黄白痢的效果明显好于ＭＭ工程苗；注射ＭＭ工程苗的效果好于口服ＭＭ工程苗。     

用患黄、白痢仔猪粪便接种母猪预防仔猪黄、白痢

仔猪黄痢、白痢是由致病性大肠杆菌引起的养猪场和广大农户养猪的多发病,常给养猪生产带来较大的经济损失.据调查仔猪黄痢、白痢的发病率为20%～60%,死亡率达60%以上.目前对仔猪黄痢、白痢的防治方法主要是采取综合性防治办法,如:强化兽医卫生管理;加强哺乳仔猪的饲养管理;对哺乳仔猪用微生态制剂或敏感药物进行预防和治疗;对妊娠母猪进行预防接种等.目前对妊娠母猪预防接种的疫苗有987 P基因工程苗、K88-K99双价基因工程苗、K88-LTB双价基因工程苗、K88-K99-987 P三价基因工程苗等,由于大肠肝菌的血清型极多,如已分离的大肠杆菌O抗原有171种、H抗原有64种、K抗原有103种,其相互组合可形成很多血清型.若发病场(户)菌株血清型与接种的疫苗清型一致,则效果较好;若血清型不一致则效果较差.笔者从1998年起用各场(户)患黄痢、白痢仔猪的粪便接种该场(户)妊娠母猪,有针对性地预防仔猪黄、白痢,方法简单,一般场(户)容易于实施,效果亦较好,现介绍如下:     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

一起猪链球菌病和伪狂犬病的混合感染的诊治

近年以来,由于市场因素的刺激,生猪的存养量大幅上升,再加上由于流通环节较多,流通非常频繁,流通距离越来越远。这对繁荣经济,增加养殖效益起了重要的推动作用,但也同时给疾病的感染和传播创造了有利条件,给猪病的防治带来了困难。有的猪场感染了传染病后,由于治疗不及时不得法,而造成了惨重的经济损失。2008年7月中旬,我街道一养猪户因盲目从外地购进中猪,发生猪病疫情,引起猪只连续死亡,造成一定的经济损失。根据流行病学、临床症状、剖检变化和实验室诊断,诊断该病为猪链球菌病和猪伪狂犬病混合感染,现报告如下。     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Description and classification of abnormal cercariae of Schistosoma mattheei and a method of concentration and collection

Over a period of about 12 years, 30 abnormal Schistosoma mattheei cercariae were found among a total of approximately 2.8 million examined. Initially seven were recovered from about 1.02 million (0.0007%), which were examined individually while being counted with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope. Subsequently, on the strength of relatively high percentages of abnormal individuals recovered when counting cercariae that failed to penetrate into oxen, it appeared that the morphologically abnormal cercariae were unable to swim and would mostly sediment out of a suspension while most of the normal cercariae would remain swimming. This surmise is supported by recovery of 23 morphologically abnormal cercariae (0.001%) from about 1.8 million, by examining the sediment after the cercarial suspension had been left standing undisturbed in glass measuring cylinders. The abnormalities ranged from aberrant tails only (e.g. an underdeveloped tail, or different degrees of schism) or aberrant heads only, to abnormalities of both the heads and tails. A suggested schematic classification of abnormal cercariae is presented. A young, adult hamster was exposed to eight S. mattheei cercariae with complete schism of the shaft of the tail, by pipetting the cercariae onto the shaved abdominal skin of the anaesthetised animal. Two underdeveloped females were subsequently encountered in squash preparations of the liver when the hamster was killed for worm recovery 10 weeks after infection, thus showing that some of the abnormal cercariae were viable. A method is also described for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining some of the shining brilliance of live cercariae, without them becoming shrivelled, granular and semi-opaque, as occurs when cercariae die spontaneously or are killed with heat. This is apparently the first report of abnormal cercariae of S. mattheei. In addition, a method of concentrating abnormal cercariae after emergence from a snail, a schematic classification of abnormal cercariae and a method for killing and fixing cercariae while retaining much of the shiny brilliance of live cercariae are also reported for the first time as far as is known.