灵武长枣呼吸特性研究

对不同成熟度灵武长枣的呼吸速率和八成熟灵武长枣在不同温度贮藏过程中呼吸速率的变化进行对比试验。结果表明,灵武长枣在完全成熟时有呼吸升高现象,八成熟枣在不同温度下贮藏,随贮藏时间延长均有呼吸高峰出现,认为灵武长枣可能为呼吸跃变型果品。     

‘灵武长枣’果实性状及其相关性分析

为分析‘灵武长枣’成熟期果实的形态特征,对‘灵武长枣’栽培及良种选育提供参考,在采收期分别于5个‘灵武长枣’种植基地随机采集果实,测定其纵径、横径、单果重等,分析‘灵武长枣’成熟期果实的形态特征。结果表明:‘灵武长枣’成熟期果实平均单果重为13.67 g,变幅在7.65~24.83 g;平均纵径为43.54 cm,变幅在34.12~56.42 cm;平均横径为26.76 cm,变幅在21.89~33.03 cm。单果重变异最大,果实横径变异最小;单果重与纵径、横径成线性正相关。‘灵武长枣’果实形状为典型长椭圆形,果个大小变化幅度大。     

‘灵武长枣’果实裂果特性初步研究

通过对‘灵武长枣’果实裂果特性的研究,以期为‘灵武长枣’生产实践提供理论依据。采集大田10年生‘灵武长枣’果实,在室内采用果实浸泡法,测定不同着色程度和大小果实的吸水量、吸水率、裂果率、裂果指数等,研究‘灵武长枣’果实裂果特征。结果表明,随着浸水时间的延长,‘灵武长枣’果实的吸水量、吸水率呈下降趋势,而裂果率和裂果指数呈上升趋势。‘灵武长枣’全红果总吸水量比75%着色果的多、果实裂果率大,裂果指数是75%着色果的1.49倍,裂果严重。4种果实大小等级‘灵武长枣’果实的总吸水量顺序为:一等果二等果三等果四等果;三、四等果的裂果率大于一、二等果,而一等果的裂果指数最大(0.664)。果实裂果发生与其水分吸收密切相关,果实吸水的关键时期在前24 h。全红果与果个大的果实吸水量大、裂果程度严重。     

采收期和品种对枣果实品质的影响*

以灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣为试材,研究了不同采收期对灵武长枣果实品质的影响;以及在同一采收期下,灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣在低温贮藏前后营养成分的变化规律。试验结果表明：灵武长枣在不同的采收期中,全红果的果肉硬度小于大半红果,头蓬果高于三蓬果;全红果的可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性果胶含量均高于大半红果;三蓬果的葡萄糖、果糖含量高于头蓬果,头蓬全红果的蔗糖、总糖含量高于三蓬全红果;抗坏血酸含量在各个采收期变化不明显。同一采收期的灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣,在贮藏95 d后,3个品种的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖均呈下降趋势,其中梨枣的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量下降均最多;灵武长枣采收时抗坏血酸含量最高且降解最少;冬枣蔗糖含量下降了88.5个百分点;灵武长枣、冬枣可滴定酸含量有所增加,而梨枣出现下降;冬枣的果糖上升了113.6个百分点,明显高于其它两个品种,是贮藏后风味更为浓甜的主要原因。     

灵武长枣呼吸类型初探

在（18±0．5）℃恒温室内，采用气流法测定灵武长枣采后呼吸速率的动态变化，测定结果初步判定灵武长枣为呼吸跃变型果实。     

灵武长枣贮藏保鲜技术

灵武长枣是中国枣的一个优良鲜食品种,保鲜期短成为其产业发展和市场开拓的瓶颈。从适时无伤采收、及时预冷、保鲜剂处理、涂膜、分级、包装、贮藏环境条件控制等方面,总结了灵武长枣的贮藏保鲜技术。     

不同药剂喷施处理对设施栽培‘灵武长枣’的影响

采用磷酸二氢钾(0.2%)+蔗糖(0.3%)、赤霉素(30 mg/kg)、以色列专用肥(0.3%)、硼酸(0.3%)对温室栽培的‘灵武长枣’进行喷施处理,测定灵武长枣的枣吊加长生长、直径生长、坐果率及叶片净光合速率等,研究外源药剂处理对灵武长枣生长与坐果的影响。结果表明,喷施以上试剂对灵武长枣枣吊加长生长、直径生长及叶片的净光合速率和水分利用效率的影响不显著,喷施赤霉素(30 mg/kg)、以色列专用肥(0.3%)使坐果率分别提高了3倍和2.6倍,喷施以色列专用肥(0.3%)、硼酸(0.3%)使叶片叶绿素含量显著提高,且以色列专用肥(0.3%)可显著提高果实着色率。设施栽培‘灵武长枣’生产中可在花期、果实膨大期喷施以色列专用肥(0.3%),以提高坐果率与果实着色率。     

不同保鲜膜对灵武长枣低温贮藏品质的影响

对灵武长枣低温贮藏前期3种包装袋袋内气体成分的变化进行了测定分析,同时将3种保鲜膜对枣果实低温贮藏90天的保鲜效果进行了研究。结果表明,微孔膜（KDM）保鲜效果好于打孔聚乙烯（PE）膜,不打孔PE膜最差,说明灵武长枣以使用气体通透性能较好的包装材料贮藏效果最佳,同时也证实了低温与专用保鲜剂结合专用薄膜自发气调的综合配套保鲜技术模式适用于灵武长枣贮藏保鲜．贮藏90天后好果率达87．5％。     

宁夏枣树品种品系的AFLP分析

摘 要： 应用基因组DNA-AFLP分子标记技术,对原产宁夏回族自治区的8个枣树品种品系和原产甘肃靖远县的1个枣树品种的亲缘关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,5对引物（E1/M12、E1/M4、E4/M11、E2/M10和E5/M4）扩增出了466条带,其中多态性条带为130条,多态性比率达27.89%,表明遗传多样性不是很丰富。聚类结果证明灵武长枣2号与中卫大枣、同心圆枣聚为一类,彼此间近缘关系较近,而与灵武长枣品种的亲缘关系较远,是一个新种质;同心圆枣与中卫大枣的遗传距离仅为0.015,亲缘关系最近,是同物异名。     

灵武长枣果实发育成熟期生理生化变化

以6年生的灵武长枣为试材,研究了果实发育后期（白绿期～全红期）生理和生化变化特性,结果表明：（1）灵武长枣从白绿期至全红期,果肉硬度缓慢降低,与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,相关系数r=-0.9803,全红时果肉硬度12.4kg/cma^2。（2）果实抗坏血酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的负相关关系,拟合曲线为三次多项式,相关系数r=-0.9731;果实可滴定酸含量与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系,相关系数r=0.9746。（3）果实发育成熟期,可溶性固形物、总糖和蔗糖含量均与果实发育成熟度呈极显著的正相关关系。（4）灵武长枣在白绿期前以积累单糖为主,果实糖份累积总体表现为“蔗糖”型。（5）随着果实发育成熟,相对甜度不断增加,与总糖、蔗糖和可溶性固形物含量呈极显著正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.9966、0.9880和0.9828。（6）灵武长枣在果实发育后期,果肉淀粉含量最高达51.54mg/100g,对果实的糖度没有明显影响。（7）白熟期的果实在软化前,呼吸强度在10～26mg/（kg.h）间变化,没有明显的呼吸高峰,初步确定为呼吸非跃变型。     

1-MCP对灵武长枣采后生理变化的影响

以灵武长枣为试材,采收后经1—MCP（1-甲基环丙烯）处理,在0℃条件下贮藏,定期测定果实品质和生理生化指标,以期研究对其贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,1μL/L1-MCP处理可以显著地保持果实硬度,抑制VC含量、可滴定酸含量和失重率的下降。0℃条件下贮藏90天时,果实硬度达6．5kg／cm^2,VC含量为253．9mg／100g,可滴定酸含量为0．275％,失重率4．9％;显著地降低PPO和ADH活性,贮藏末期分别为1．287U和22．0U;延迟灵武长枣果实的后熟与衰老,低温贮藏90天后好果率达到75．5％。     

不同保鲜剂处理对灵武长枣贮藏品质的研究

该文研究了灵武长枣在6种不同保鲜剂贮藏下的生理变化及品质变化。结果表明采用5g•m-34.5% TBZ（噻苯咪唑）熏蒸的处理为好,该处理能有效地延缓枣果含酸量的下降速率和还原糖含量的变化,较好地保持Vc含量,枣果贮藏105d硬果率37.5%,商品果率94.34%。     

灵武长枣贮期生理病害的研究

采用常规真菌分离法,将灵武长枣病斑病原菌分离、纯化,移至PDA(马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基)平板上,在28℃下进行培养,通过观察,初步认定该病原菌属于曲霉科青霉属。同时采用臭氧及TBZ对该菌进行抑制性试验。结果表明,臭氧质量浓度为100 mg/m3,含量4.5%TBZ的质量浓度为5 g/m3,对该菌有较好的抑制作用。     

Variation in Yugoslavian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accessions

A total of 67 hot pepper accessions were evaluated based on 35 morphological and physiological characters. Differences were observed in a number of characters. The accessions were grouped into six clusters, mainly based on fruit weight, 1000 seed weight, and fruit number per plant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Analysis of apricot germplasm from the European ecogeographical group

Morphological, phenological and fruit quality traits of 55 apricot cultivars, including the most important clones grown in Spain, France and Italy, were evaluated using principal component analysis. Given that the studied material was made up of commercial cultivars, the range of variation observed was narrower than expected. Variation was observed for traits related to phenology and fruit quality. The only correlation observed between morphology and phenology was that of blossom and budbreak season being correlated with internode length. Harvest season was negatively correlated with acidity and not correlated with total soluble solids (TSS). Native cultivars from Spain and Tunisia are a good source of early ripening but they lack fruit size and postharvest handling qualities, respectively. The most appreciated fruit quality characteristics were present in several cultivars. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimates of genetic variability and heritability for vegetative and reproductive characters of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)

The results of this study indicated a great deal of genetic variation in a number of characters of horticultural interest in kiwifruit seedling populations, and therefore, a potential to improve kiwifruit by vine selection. High narrow sense heritability was shown for pedicel length(0.62) and flowering duration (0.50) in male vines, and pedicel length (0.67),floral shoot percentage (0.54), leaf length-width ratio (0.64), fruit elongation (0.64) and fruit weight (0.52) in female vines. For these traits, selection of superior seedlings should lead to rapid genetic improvement in these populations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Estimation of genetic parameters in a recurrent selection program in Apple

Combining ability was estimated for 8 tree and 11 agronomic traits in a multi-location apple genetics population to select individuals for the next cycle of selections. Families more than three standard errors away from the general mean were identified for each trait and extreme individuals (with regard to that trait) from those families were selected. On the whole, 148 individuals were chosen based upon individual traits and, in a few cases a combination of traits, in a way that maintains the original diversity within the population. Narrow-sense heritability estimated separately for each site for fruit ribbing, fruit russet, fruit overcolour amount and fruit weight ranged from 0.0–0.13, 0.05–0.58, 0.34–0.40 and 0.27–0.90 respectively. Phenotypic correlation and additive genetic correlation were small and from small to moderately high respectively, between pairs of traits. The implication of these genetic parameter estimates in apple breeding is discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.