猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)引起的一种严重危害养猪业的烈性传染病。1987年首次报道于美国，临床表现为母猪繁殖障碍，呈现流产、死胎、木乃伊胎及弱仔等症状，仔猪及育成猪表现为呼吸系统症状。不久此病迅速蔓延北美和欧洲，随后分离并鉴定该病病原一猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)，并确定存在北美型和欧洲型分离株。由于PRRSV具有抗原变异的特性，并且它的主要靶细胞是具有重要免疫作用的肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)，因此PRRSV的感染常引发其它病原的继发感染，尤其是呼吸道的感染，给养猪业造成重大经济损失。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异性研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征 (ＰＲＲＳ)可导致母猪严重的繁殖障碍以及仔猪呼吸道疾病 ,最先发生于美国。荷兰的Ｗｅｎｓｖｏｏｒｔ博士首先分离到ＰＲＲＳ病毒(ＰＲＲＳＶ)。迄今 ,ＰＲＲＳ已经成为一种世界性疾病 ,每年给世界养猪业造成巨大损失 ,严重阻碍了世界养猪业的发展。虽然世界各地分离到的ＰＲＲＳＶ可引起类似的症状 ,但最近越来越多的资料显示 ,ＰＲＲＳＶ在毒力性、抗原性和遣传性方面均发生了很大变异。目前 ,ＰＲＲＳ在临床上可分为母猪流产与死胎综合征、非典型ＰＲＲＳ和急性ＰＲＲＳ三种形式。近来 ,美国和丹麦的部分养猪场暴发…     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征

自１９９１年Ｗｅｎｓｖｏｏｔ等分离并鉴定了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（ＰＲＲＳ）病毒以来,世界各国先后开展了对ＰＲＲＳ的病原学、流行病学、免疫学和分子生物学等多方面的研究。经过近十年的研究和探索,逐步建立了一些较为有效的诊断,预防和治疗该病的方法和措施,为控制ＰＲＲＳ提供了经验。ＰＲＲＳ是一种由ＰＲＲＳ病毒引起的以导致猪繁殖障碍和呼吸道疾病为主要特征的急性传染病。它可以感染各种年龄的猪,典型的临床症状是母猪的早产、流产、死胎或木乃伊;仔猪成活率下降;育成猪呼吸疾病加剧等。８０年代初期ＰＲＲＳ就已经存在,…     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征

综述了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征。包括病原PRRSV病毒的病原特点、流行病学、临床症状及诊断方法和防治措施等六方面。介绍了该病的临床诊断、病理学诊断和血清诊断方法及病毒分离技术，同时提出了该病的防治措施。     

猪繁殖—呼吸综合征病毒的形态学

利用电子显微技术，对从上海某发病猪场分离到3株猪繁殖－呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）和标准美洲株（ATCC－VR2332）进行了形态特征的比较。结果表明，这4株病毒形态特征无显著差异。负染显示该病毒以球形为主，具有囊膜，囊膜上有纤突，大小为60－85nm。超薄切片可见病毒粒子大量存在于细胞浆内，有囊膜的直径为60－80nm，没有囊膜的直径为40－50nm，在细胞的线粒体，高尔基体和双基核膜内可见病毒粒子。在病毒增殖的同时，Marc-145细胞的显微结构逐渐发生破损，显示病毒的释放是通过破坏细胞膜结构的完整性来实现的。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒形态学特征

应用电镜和免疫金电镜技术对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的中国分离株进行了形态学研究。该病毒粒子直径约55nm，多数呈球形，有囊膜，但在其囊膜上没有发现纤突结构。在病毒粒子中央部可观察到拟核（核衣壳），其直径约为40nm。在宿主细胞浆的空泡膜及滑面内质网小池膜上“出芽”，成熟的病毒粒子多蓄积在空泡腔内。病毒增殖数量与其适应宿主细胞程度有密切关系。     

猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒S3毒株的分离及其免疫特性研究

从某猪场仔猪体内分离到一株PPRSV毒株，该毒株能在Marc-145细胞上增殖产生致细胞病变，该病变能被PPRSV美洲型阳性血清所抑制，不被乙脑病毒、猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒阳性血清所抑制，经美洲型PPRSV荧光抗体染色呈阳性反应，电镜观察到直径55－60nm的病毒粒子，接种阴性仔猪未见临床症状异常，但抗体检测阳性。命名该分离毒为PPRSV－S3毒株。在S3弱毒株分离鉴定的基础上，进一步在猪体上对其致病性和免疫力进行研究。S3毒株接种仔猪后，仔猪不表现任何症状，也不向外排毒。4－5周龄的仔猪接种S3株后可产生坚强的免疫力，免疫后4－6个月能抵抗强毒攻击。后备母猪配种前2－3周免疫接种S3株，怀孕90－95d攻强毒，未发生流产、死胎、木乃伊胎、产弱仔等繁殖障碍现象。结果表明，S3是一株自然分离的弱毒株，且具有良好的安全性和免疫力。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒地方株的分离与鉴定

从河南省某猪场发病仔猪体内分离到1株病毒,该病毒能在 Marc-145细胞上增殖并产生特征性的细胞病变 (CPE),在 Vero、PK-15细胞上不出现CPE.该病毒能被猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒阳性血清特异性地中和,用 PCR反应能扩增出 720 bp的特异性片段.分离病毒回归 30日龄仔猪可出现高热和呼吸道症状.初步鉴定该分离株为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与初步鉴定

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与初步鉴定杨汉春管山红＊尹晓敏＊甘孟侯（中国农业大学动物医学院，北京海淀１０００９４）猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（ＰＲＲＳ）是猪的一种新病毒性传染病，首先在北美洲和欧洲发现，曾有“蓝耳病”、“神秘病”等之称［１，２］。该病现已遍布...     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是严重威胁养猪业发展的一种重要的病原。近几年来,国内外学者对其进行了深入的研究,尤其在病原的分子生的学方面取得了许多新的进展。病毒的基因组结构及其所编码的蛋白质的功能已基本搞清,这些研究为进一步研究有效的基因工程疫苗、有效控制该病的发生提供理论依据。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

从广东地区发病猪场的病料中,分离到1株致Marc-145细胞病变的病毒ShB6。扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)主要结构蛋白基因ORF2-ORF7并进行序列分析,结果表明,该分离株与国内PRRSV分离株HB-1(sh)/2002的同源性为96.9%;与ATCC VR-2332株的同源性为91%;而与Lelystad株的同源性仅为59.8%;用美洲型PRRSV单抗进行免疫组化染色,结果显示在细胞病变处呈现明显的阳性着色(为棕黄色)。综合可见,所分离的病毒为美洲型PRRSV。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)是引起猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的病原体,本文对PRRSV的分子生物学研究进展进行了综述,主要包括PRRSV的基因组结构、病毒蛋白及其功能、抗原变异等,旨在为诊断技术、免疫机理研究、疫苗设计与疫病防制提供借鉴.     

Survival of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in houseflies

The objectives of the study were to determine the duration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) survival in houseflies (Musca domestica Linnaeus) following feeding on an infected pig, and to determine whether the virus was present on the exterior surface or within the internal viscera of the fly. A total of 210 laboratory-colonized houseflies were allowed to feed to repletion on a pig, experimentally infected with PRRSV on day 7 postinoculation, and then maintained alive under laboratory conditions (27°C). Two subsets (A and B) of 30 flies were collected at each of the following sampling points; 0, 6, and 12 hours post feeding (pf). Subset A contained an extra group of 30 flies collected at 24 hours pf due to the availability of extra flies. Flies in subset A were processed as whole fly homogenates, while the exterior surface washes and digestive organs were collected from flies in subset B. Whole fly homogenates, collected at 0, 6, and 12 hours pf, were positive by both polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and swine bioassay. Digestive organs, collected at 0 and 12 hours pf, were positive by PCR and swine bioassay. The PRRSV RNA was detected by PCR from the exterior surface wash of subset B flies collected at 0, 6, and 12 hours pf; however, only the subset collected at 0 hour pf was swine bioassay-positive. This study indicates that infectious PRRSV can survive within the intestinal tract of houseflies for up to 12 hours following feeding on an infected pig, but only for a short period on the exterior surface of the flies.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)气溶胶的发生与传播机制

为深入认识猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)气溶胶的发生与传播机制,将35日龄无PRRSV抗体仔猪预饲1周后分为4组(PRSSV攻毒组、直接接触组、间接接触组和阴性对照组),饲养于正负压隔离器中。2个隔离器置于不同室内并通过管道相连,采用AGI-30收集器收集其空气样品。然后,将其接种Marc-145细胞,再用RT-PCR检测病毒;并检测血常规和抗体变化。结果发现,攻毒组于攻毒后4d开始形成气溶胶,并持续到试验结束。气溶胶高峰出现在攻毒后15d。气溶胶传播的间接接触组从临床症状、病理变化、提取病理组织核酸和抗体检测等多个方面都证明其感染了PRRSV,并经鼻腔向外排毒;直接接触组和间接接触组几乎同时感染PRRSV。试验表明,PRRSV不仅能形成气溶胶并且能够通过其迅速感染临近猪群。     

乳猪"高热症"猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与致病性分析

本研究针对疑似高热症疫情的猪场,从分离病原的致病特性及基因特征,对高热症的病因进行了探索。以RT—PCR／PCR从临床病料中检测出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）核酸,利用Marc-145细胞从病料中分离到PRRSV（XS070425毒株）。测序结果显示,XS070425毒株Nsp2基因无高致病性PRRSV Nsp2基因533～561位连续29个氨基酸“RPVTPLSEPIPVPAPRRKFQQVKRLSSAA”的缺失;但遗传进化分析显示,XS070425毒株Nsp2、ORF5基因与近期我国报道的高致病性PRRSV-HuN4和JXA1有较高的同源性,达95％～96％。致病性试验显示,PRRSV-XS070425原始病料悬液和Marc-145细胞分离物接种健康猪后,病毒血症可持续26d,并出现典型的PRRS临床症状和体温升高,但不致死感染猪。这些结果说明,无NSP2蛋白29个氨基酸残基缺失的PRRSV也是猪高热症的重要病原。     

Retention of ingested porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in houseflies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in houseflies for various time frames and temperatures. SAMPLE POPULATION: Fifteen 2-week-old pigs, two 10-week-old pigs, and laboratory-cultivated houseflies. PROCEDURE: In an initial experiment, houseflies were exposed to PRRSV; housed at 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, and 30 degrees C; and tested at various time points. In a second experiment to determine dynamics of virus retention, houseflies were exposed to PRRSV and housed under controlled field conditions for 48 hours. Changes in the percentage of PRRSV-positive flies and virus load per fly were assessed over time, and detection of infective virus at 48 hours after exposure was measured. Finally, in a third experiment, virus loads were measured in houseflies allowed to feed on blood, oropharyngeal washings, and nasal washings obtained from experimentally infected pigs. RESULTS: In experiment 1, PRRSV retention in houseflies was proportional to temperature. In the second experiment, the percentage of PRRSV-positive houseflies and virus load per fly decreased over time; however, infective PRRSV was found in houseflies 48 hours after exposure. In experiment 3, PRRSV was detected in houseflies allowed to feed on all 3 porcine body fluids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For the conditions of this study, houseflies did not support PRRSV replication. Therefore, retention of PRRSV in houseflies appears to be a function of initial virus load after ingestion and environmental temperature. These factors may impact the risk of insect-borne spread of PRRSV among farms.     

Interaction between innate immunity and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Innate immunity provides frontline antiviral protection and bridges adaptive immunity against virus infections. However, viruses can evade innate immune surveillance potentially causing chronic infections that may lead to pandemic diseases. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an example of an animal virus that has developed diverse mechanisms to evade porcine antiviral immune responses. Two decades after its discovery, PRRSV is still one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular composition of the mammalian innate antiviral immune system with emphasis on the porcine system. In particular, we focus on the interaction between PRRSV and porcine innate immunity at cellular and molecular levels. Strategies for targeting innate immune components and other host metabolic factors to induce ideal anti-PRRSV protection are also discussed.