出口食用动物饲用饲料检验检疫管理办法

第一章总则第一条为加强出口食用动物饲用饲料的检验检疫管理,确保出口食用动物的卫生质量。根据《中华人民共和国进出境动物检疫法》、《中华人民共和国食品卫生法》、《兽药管理条例》、《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》等法律法规,制定本办法。第二条本办法所称出日食用...     

提高鸡人工授精技术水平的主要措施

种用公鸡必须在性方面是活跃的,才能得到高的受精率。公鸡性的活动是可遗传的,很活跃的公鸡后代比不太活跃的公鸡后代交配频繁,但是如果公鸡的性活动超过某种范围,不仅不能增加受精率,反而降低受精率。所以,对于种公鸡的选择是很重要的。公鸡的选择一般分两次进行,见表1。     

多途径筛选数学审稿专家

新的数学分支学科和边缘学科不断涌现,并且同一研究方向也有很多更细的分支,其研究方法和对象有很大的区别。在选择审稿人的时候将其仔细区别,约请合适的审稿人,否则达不到很好的审稿效果。文中提出可以从整理编辑部资料、通过CNKI寻找审稿人、根据参考文献找审稿人及整理本校教师资料这四个方砸寻找合适的数学审稿人。     

Opportunities for Increasing Utility of Models for Rangeland Management

A large number of empirical and mechanistic simulation models and decision support tools have been produced for rangelands. Collectively, these models have considerably increased our fundamental knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem functions, processes, and structure. We explore three areas where models for rangeland management are often challenging for land managers and enterprise-level decision making: 1) coping with spatiotemporal and climatic variability in implementing scenario forecasting, risk assessments, and adaptive management; 2) addressing outputs of multiple ecosystem goods and services and determining whether they are synergistic or competitive; and 3) integrating experimental and experiential knowledge and observations into decision making. Increasing the utility of models for rangeland management remains a key frontier and a major research need for the modeling community and will be achieved less by further technical advances and model complexity and more by the use of existing topoedaphic databases, the capacity to readily incorporate new experimental and experiential knowledge, and the use of frameworks that facilitate outcome-based, adaptive decision making at the enterprise level with associated economic considerations. Opportunities exist for increasing the utility of models for decision making and adaptive rangeland management through better matching of model complexity with enterprise-level, decision-making goals. This could be accomplished by incorporating a fundamental understanding of herbivory, fire, and spatiotemporal interactions with weather patterns that affect multiple ecosystem functions. Most important, effective models would allow land managers in a changing and variable climate to 1) evaluate trade offs in producing multiple goods and services, 2) optimize the application of conservation practices spatially (comparing costs and benefits accrued across different timescales), and 3) incorporate manager capacity, including experience, skills, and labor input.     

提高肉牛秸秆饲料营养价值的工程技术

该文综述了改善肉牛农作物秸秆营养价值的"单一"技术与整体利用技术——营养工程技术。     

反刍家畜安全性无公害生产的饲料安全对策

受“疯牛病”、“口蹄疫”等疾病和“瘦肉精”等中毒事件的威胁，近年来反刍家畜的安全性饲料生产日益引起全社会的重视。我国农业部已发布《禁止在反刍动物饲料中添加和使用动物性饲料的通知》，中国绿色食品发展中心制定了《绿色食品兽药使用准则》及相关的饲料和饲料添加剂的使用“准则”，严禁在反刍动物饲料中使用肉骨粉等存在安全隐患的动物性饲料产品及激素类、镇静剂类和β－兴奋剂类药物，确保人民身体健康和环境质量。本文通过对反刍家畜生产中存在的饲料安全问题的客观分析，提出了进行反刍家畜安全性无公害生产的饲料安全对策。     

液态奶的无菌包装--未来牛奶包装发展的趋势

随着我国经济的发展，生产水平的不断提高，人们的膳食结构也在悄悄地发生变化。农业部调查表明：我国大中城市奶类消费正在从保健型食品转向生活必需品，消费结构和方式也出现了积极变化，奶类的消费面不断扩大，消费者年龄结构也在发生变化。这是因为牛奶中的大量优质蛋白，丰富的维生素、微量元素、乳酸和乳糖等，是人体最易吸收的营养物质，它对提高人们的体质十分有益。有调查表明，日本与中国同龄的中小学生相比较，日本的学生身高明显高于中国的学生。这是什么原因呢？答案就是日本政府很早就提出了一个口号：“一杯牛奶，强壮一个民…     

Lack of evidence for cytoplasmic effects for four traits of Polypay sheep

Analyses of birth and weaning weights, fleece weights of ewes, and number born per litter of Polypay sheep collected at the U.S. Sheep Experimental Station from 1978 through 1998, confirmed previous analyses of three other dual-purpose breeds that cytoplasmic effects do not contribute to variation in these four traits. In general, estimates of genetic parameters that would be needed for national genetic evaluation were similar to previous estimates for Columbia, Rambouillet, and Targhee sheep, although estimates of direct heritability for Polypay were somewhat less for birth weight, slightly greater for weaning weight, significantly greater for fleece weight, and the same for number born as for those three breeds. For birth weight only, evidence was found for important dam x year or dam x number born interactions, which are essentially litter effects, as was found for the other dual-purpose breeds. There were 11,896, 11,104, 7,748, and 7,831 records for birth and weaning weights, fleece weight, and number born per litter, with 255 to 316 sires of animals with records. There were 260 and 261 cytoplasmic lines for fleece weight and number born, and 861 and 882 for weaning and birth weights.     

Assessment of furnished cages for laying hens--development for small aviaries

Observations on six farms keeping laying hens in furnished cages showed that hens accepted the installations of this new housing type. Behaviours indicating that the adaptations of hens were problematic have not been observed. Locomotion and dust bathing in some groups occured as not sufficient. Lighting was too low and affected expressions of behaviour patterns. For further developments are proposed more usable space per bird and a different placement of perches. Dust bathes should be utilized permanently and should contain sufficient amount of litter.     

The ELISA for the examination of hare sera for anti-Brucella antibodies

Hare brucellosis is caused primarily by Brucella suis biovar 2. Hares along with wild boars are the natural reservoir of this microorganism. In view of restriction of applicability of traditional serological methods the work aimed to develop the ELISA to examine hare sera for the presence of anti-Brucella antibodies. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen obtained from the strain S19 of Brucella abortus and the conjugate of antibodies against rabbit immunoglobulin with horseradish peroxidase were used in the test. Hares' sera positive and negative in the CFT were used as controls of the ELISA. The sera collected from 9 hares suspected to be infected with Brucella organisms, positive in CFT (in this number 7 hares revealed clinical symptoms or anathomopathological lesions characteristic of brucellosis), 6 sera from hares showing no symptoms of the disease, negative in CFT and 520 sera from hares monitored for brucellosis were tested. All serum samples from hares suspected for Brucella infection were positive in ELISA and 2 of them were negative in RBPT. Additionally among the samples from hares monitored 12 sera were positive in ELISA and CFT, whereas 9 sera from 12 ones were also positive in the RBPT. The obtained results indicated that the ELISA developed in our laboratory proved to be equivalent in specificity to CFT. In addition, ELISA proved to be more sensitive than RBPT for the diagnosis of Brucella infection in hares.     

Inactivation strategy for pseudorabies virus in milk for production of biopharmaceuticals

By selecting pseudorabies virus (PrV) as a model virus, this study assessed the feasibility of applying viral inactivation strategies to manufacturing medicinal products from the milk of transgenic sows. The efficacy of heat, acidic/alkaline and detergent treatments was also evaluated with respect to their ability to inactivate PrV in milk samples. Experimental results indicate that PrV was inactivated obviously at least 7.125 log10 for 30 min at 60 degrees C. At alkaline values of pH 10 and acidic value of pH 4, PrV infectivity was reduced to 3.625 log10 and exceeded 5 log10, respectively. Moreover, PrV virus was inactivated efficiently (> 3.875 log10) by using 0.25-1% of Triton X-100 treatment and without a loss of biological activity of the recombinant human coagulation factor IX (rhFIX). RESULTS: of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detergent inactivation method for PrV inactivation of rhFIX production from transgenic products, especially in milk materials.