新入侵害虫--刺桐姬小蜂

刺桐姬小蜂Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim是一种新入侵害虫,近两年来,该虫陆续在中国台湾和美国夏威夷等地发生.2005年7月,深圳出入境检验检疫局在广东省深圳市某景区的杂色刺桐上首次发现刺桐姬小蜂.为了防止疫情扩散,农业部、国家林业局和国家质检总局联合发布公告,将刺桐姬小蜂列为我国进境植物检疫性和林业检疫性有害生物.     

刺桐姬小蜂的发生、危害与检疫

刺桐姬小蜂是一种新入侵的有害生物,专一危害刺桐属植物。近两年陆续在美国夏威夷、中国台湾等地严重发生,2005年7月中国大陆首次发现该虫。本文分别介绍了刺桐姬小蜂的发生、传播、危害、鉴定、生物学特性和防控检疫等。     

深圳刺桐姬小蜂的发生与为害

刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus eryhrinae Kim）2005年7月在深圳首次发现。2005年8月，农业部、国家林业局和国家质检总局联合发布第538号公告，将刺桐姬小蜂列为中华人民共和国进境植物检疫有害生物和全国林业检疫性有害生物，并采取限制刺桐植物进口和检疫控制措施。因此，深圳市有关部门组织开展了全市范围的刺桐姬小蜂疫情普查和扑灭行动。     

云杉碎木长蠹的检疫风险初评

云杉碎木长蠹(Xyloperthella picea)是一种钻蛀性害虫,该虫食性杂、寄主广,在国外分布广泛,是一种极危险性林木有害生物,已被韩国、日本列为检疫性有害生物。本文通过对该虫国外分布状况,寄主状况,传入并在我国定殖的可能性等方面进行综合分析,得出该虫属于高度风险的有害生物,并建议将该虫列入检疫性有害生物名录。     

林木害虫刺桐姬小蜂风险分析

刺桐姬小蜂（Quadrastichus erythrinael Kim）是我国大陆新发现的有害生物，根据刺桐姬小蜂的国内分布状况、潜在经济危害性、寄主植物的经济重要性、传播扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度等方面对其进行了风险分析，结果表明刺桐姬小蜂为我国风险中度偏高的有害生物。作者提出了检疫管理及除治措施。     

谷实夜蛾

谷实夜蛾是美洲地区的重要害虫，主要为害玉米等多种经济作物，每年都可造成严重的经济损失。该虫是APPPC组织的检疫性有害生物，欧洲和地中海植保组织EPPO将它列为具有潜在威胁的有害生物，对我国也有检疫意义。该文搜集整理了该虫的相关资料，供大家参考。     

检疫性有害生物发生程度评估方法的建立

通过对检疫性有害生物的发生危害情况进行综合分析研究,揭示了一套检疫性病、虫、杂草的发生面积统计标准以及发生程度4级评估方法,并利用该方法制作了2000～2002年广西23种检疫性有害生物疫情发生情况图.     

检疫性有害生物三叶斑潜蝇

通过文献查阅,介绍检疫性有害生物三叶斑潜蝇的主要形态特征、寄主、分布、生物学特性以及该有害生物对我国的危险性分析.认为,结合化学防治等防治手段进行积极的检疫管理措施,是防范该虫定殖扩散的主要手段.     

检疫性有害生物——桦铜窄吉丁

桦铜窄吉丁是我国进境检疫性有害生物,也是EPPO预警的有害生物。该虫以幼虫在多种桦树皮蛀道为害,取食韧皮部,阻碍水分和养分运输,严重影响桦树林的生长,降低桦木材市场价值。本文主要介绍了桦铜窄吉丁的地理分布、寄主、形态特征、生物学特性、经济影响、防治措施等内容。该虫在我国尚无分布,深入研究该虫的为害特点和扩散途径等,对防治该虫有重要意义。     

青杨脊虎天牛风险评估

青杨脊虎天牛是一种危害杨树、柳树等多种阔叶树的蛀干性害虫，在我国东北局部地区造成了严重的危害。通过适生性分析和风险评估认为该虫属于中度危险的林业有害生物，对我国北方地区的杨树生态林、速生丰产林构成较大的威胁，建议对该虫加强检疫管理。     

刺桐姬小蜂危害鸡冠刺桐荚果的观察

刺桐姬小蜂能危害刺桐树的叶、叶柄、嫩芽和幼枝,作者最近观察到该虫还能危害鸡冠刺桐花和荚果.刺桐姬小蜂寄生在新抽出的花蕾和新结的幼果中,作者从荚果中找到了该虫的幼虫、蛹及正在羽化的成虫.该虫在深圳可全年发生.本文总结了受害鸡冠刺桐荚果虫瘿的种类与形成过程,指出虫瘿能导致荚果出现条形果、锤形果、打结形果、细腰形果、肿大形果等类型,并对各类型的形成过程进行分析.     

Efficacy of systemic insecticides on the gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae in wiliwili trees (Erythrina spp.)

BACKGROUND: Erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim, was first found on Oahu Island, Hawaii, in April 2005. Its rapid spread and infestation in wiliwili trees (Erythrina spp.) have brought an urgent need to suppress its population. Little is known about the control of EGW in wiliwili trees.RESULTS: Among the systemic insecticides abamectin, dinotefuran and imidacloprid, applied via trunk injections or soil drenches, injections of imidacloprid showed better control of EGW in wiliwili trees. All the imidacloprid injection treatments had varying levels of effectiveness against EGW, but not the soil drench. The levels of imidacloprid were higher in lower canopies than those in the other parts within a tree. Imidacloprid remained detectable 1 year after treatment. The trees injected with the products IMA-jet and Merit 200 SL via Arborjet had lower infestation severity ratings for the entire growth season and carried more imidacloprid than those with Imicide via Mauget or Pointer via Wedgle injections.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that, among the three insecticides tested, imidacloprid is most effective against EGW in the trees. Concentrations of imidacloprid in the leaves need to be 4 mg kg(-1) or higher for good EGW control.     

刺桐姬小蜂在中国的适生区分析

运用CLIMEX的气候相似系数法,对入侵害虫刺桐姬小蜂在中国的适生区进行了分析和预测,结果表明:中国大陆有18个省区45个市、县(地区)适合该虫生存,大体分布于18.14°N～36.00°N,98.30°E～121.36°E范围内,这些地区也是刺桐属植物的主要分布区。     

Hymenoptera wasps associated with the Asian gall wasp of chestnut (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Calabria,Italy

The parasitoid complex of the Asian chestnut gall wasp Drycosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu was studied in Calabria (Italy). A total of 14 different species of parasitoids were collected, of which three are recorded on the Asian gall wasp for the first time. The composition of the parasitoid complex collected in Calabria was compared with that reported from Italy and from Europe. The altitude of the sites of collection seemed to have an effect on the distribution and abundance of the single species of parasitoids.     

First record of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Greece

After the first introduction of chestnut gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, in Italy, it has spread rapidly in several other European countries, probably largely due to trade in chestnut plants. Despite the measures taken to prevent further spread of this pest to other countries, D. kuriphilus was detected in Greece for the first time in 2014. However, surveys have shown that the pest is still of very limited distribution in Greece. Having faced the damage caused by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) over the last 50 years, the production of chestnuts in Greece is now seriously threatened by chestnut gall wasp, which has already caused extensive losses in chestnut production of other countries. In order to minimize the impact of chestnut gall wasp, control measures are being designed involving the release of the parasitoid Torymus sinensis.     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。     

花椒波瘿蚊寄生蜂——广肩小蜂田间发生规律研究

广肩小蜂Eurytoma sp.是花椒波瘿蚊Asphondylia zanthoxyli bu & Zheng的重要寄生天敌.广肩小蜂1年发生3代,以蛹在花椒波瘿蚊为害形成的虫瘿内越冬.第2年花椒发芽后在4月中旬越冬代成虫羽化;第1代成虫6月上旬羽化;第2代成虫8月上旬羽化.成虫产卵于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫为害后形成的虫瘿内;孵化后外寄生于花椒波瘿蚊幼虫,将寄主幼虫吃光后化蛹.越冬代寄生率达48.39%,第2年花椒发芽前剪除虫瘿枝可有效保护广肩小蜂种群数量.     

Infestation potential of Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in different natural populations of Castanea sativa Miller: an experimental ex situ test

The Asian chestnut gall wasp was accidentally introduced in Italy in 2002 and spread across Europe in the following years, becoming a serious threat for chestnut cultivations and rural economies of many countries. Exploring the variation in susceptibility of the host genetic resources is crucial to face the spreading of this pest. We used an experimental approach for testing the differential susceptibility within and between populations of European chestnut. For doing this, we compared both the infestation level and the rate of immune individuals in trees from populations of Spain, Italy, and Greece. We found that the level of infestation is not significantly different in the different provenances but that a higher rate of immune trees occur in Greece. Our results suggest that two different contingents of trees compose Greek populations: one major group of trees with the same susceptibility as the other populations and a second minor group of trees resistant to gall wasp infestation. Our data lay the basis for improving the currently adopted measures to mitigate gall wasp impacts.