HPLC法测定普鲁卡因青霉素注射液的鉴别和含量

建立了普鲁卡因青霉素注射液鉴别和含量测定的HPLC方法。样品经HPLC分离后进行定性鉴别和含量测定。结果显示供试品溶液主峰的保留时间与对照品溶液主峰的保留时间一致,普鲁卡因的线性范围为0.432-0.648 mg/mL,青霉素的线性范围为0.64-0.96 mg/mL,普鲁卡因和青霉素的添加回收率分别为101.35%和100.11%。该方法结果准确度高、精密度好,可作为质量标准控制方法。     

碘量法测定青霉素含量

青霉素（Benzylpniciuinum）是目前我国最常用的抗菌素之一，为兽医临床的首选药。可用于革兰氏阳性菌如链球菌、敏感金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、猪丹毒杆菌感染，也用于放线菌及钧端螺旋体等感染。随着市场经济的发展，近几年来，在兽药市场上出现了以无抗菌药效的葡萄糖冒充青霉素的假劣产品，严重妨碍了畜禽疾病的治疗，同时，也对我们进行青霉素含量的定量分析监测增加了一定的难度。按《中国兽药典》90年版，测定青霉素和葡萄糖单方含量时分别采用酸碱法和旋光度法，但对青霉素与葡萄糖混和物，则不能用酸碱法准确测定青霉，因为葡萄…     

用反相HPLC法测定饲料中脂溶性维生素

应用正相高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行食品中脂溶性维生素的分离已见报道,但由于Si柱受洗脱液和样品本身的水分的影响和干扰,给分离操作带来了困难。采用反相色谱法具有分离时间稳定、操作简单、速度快、成本低、易于推广等优点。本文着重介绍了饲料中脂溶性维生素VA、VD_3、VE的快速测定方法。一、条件与方法     

HPLC法测定普鲁卡因青霉素注射液中青霉素含量

采用HPLC法测定了普鲁卡因青霉素注射液中青霉素的含量.色谱柱为spherisorb ODS/5 μm(250 mm×4.6 nm),流动相为缓冲液-水-乙腈(5223 25,V/V),检测波长235 nm,流速1.65 mL/min,柱温30 ℃.在0.16～1.6 mg/mL的浓度范围内青霉素的峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系(r=0.999 2),平均回收率100.2%,RSD为0.5%.该方法适用于检测普鲁卡因青霉素注射液.与微生物法相比,该方法具有准确、简便、快速等优点.     

牛奶中氨苄青霉素残留测方法研究

用三氯乙酸溶液沉淀牛奶蛋白并提取氨苄青霉素残留,在酸性条件下,提取液中的氨苄青霉素与甲醛加热生成2-羟基-3-苯基-6-甲基吡嗪(氨苄青霉素荧光衍生物),用带有荧光检测器的高效液相色谱仪在激发波长(Ex)346 nm、发射波长(Em)420 nm条件下测定该衍生物,外标法定量.本方法简单、快速、灵敏度高,最低检测限为1 μg/L,最低定量限为2 μg/L,回收率为70%～110%,批内变异系数在1 0%以内,批间变异系数小于1 5%.     

青链霉素混合油剂中普鲁卡因青霉素含量及硫酸链霉素效价的测定

青链霉素混合油剂中普鲁卡因青霉素含量及硫酸链霉素效价的测定张苏华，顾欣，吴霞云（上海市兽药饲料监察所）青链霉素混合油剂系由普鲁卡因青霉素（简称普青）和硫酸链霉素与注射用油混合而成的灭菌制剂，通过乳房灌注治疗奶牛干乳期的乳房炎，目前在兽医临床广泛应用。...     

Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) in calves

Phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) was administered intravenously (i.v.) and orally to pre-ruminant calves and the distribution and elimination kinetics, as well as the oral bioavailability, were determined. After i.v. injection, the drug was distributed rapidly in the body, the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 34 min and the apparent volume of distribution at steady-state (Vd ss) was 0.30 l/kg. Mean peak serum drug concentrations were directly related to the oral dose administered, i.e. 0.22 microgram/ml, 1.06 micrograms/ml and 2.14 micrograms/ml after dosing at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The elimination t1/2 of the drug after oral dosing varied between 90 and 110 min, and the oral bioavailability was approximately 30% of the dose. The co-administration of phenoxymethyl penicillin and probenecid resulted in elevation and prolongation of serum drug concentration. The percentage of drug bound to serum proteins was 78.8% +/- 8.2%. Phenoxymethyl penicillin was probably inactivated and degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of 6-week-old calves fed exclusively hay, silage and concentrates as very low and erratic serum drug concentrations were measured after these calves were dosed orally with the drug at 40 mg/kg. In view of the narrow antibacterial spectrum of the drug and the relatively high dose required, it appears that phenoxymethyl penicillin can only be of limited practical value for the treatment of bacterial infections in preruminant calves.     

Development of improved methods for the transport and isolation of Haemophilus somnus

The survival of several strains of Haemophilus somnus under various simulated transport conditions was investigated. Recovery of H somnus from alginate swabs kept at room temperature was possible for up to 27 hours after sampling, but this period could be extended to 72 hours if the swabs were refrigerated. Storage of swabs in transport media did not prolong survival time significantly but did increase the number of bacterial contaminants, thus making recovery of H somnus less likely. The sensitivity of several strains of H somnus to a number of dyes, antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents was determined and a selective isolation medium then formulated. This medium which consisted of brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 5 per cent ovine blood, 5 per cent equine serum, 0.5 per cent yeast extract, cycloheximide (100 micrograms ml-1) and lincomycin (3 micrograms ml-1), facilitated the isolation of H somnus from contaminated material. However, while this medium was effective against many contaminants, it did not prevent swarming by Proteus species.     

动物性食品中青霉素类药物残留色谱与质谱检测技术研究进展

年来,随着人们生活水平的提高,动物性食品在满足人类需求的同时,也面临着诸多问题和挑战,其中兽药残留问题尤为突出,为保障畜产品的高品质,需对食品卫生安全提出更高的要求。畜牧养殖业是畜产品的主要供给部门,尤其需要加强对其兽药的使用和残留监控。其中青霉素类药物常被用于防治动物性疾病,企业为获取高额利润,使用较多,滥用现象普遍,所以在动物性食品中的兽药残留现象也日趋严重^[1]。     

Phenoxymethyl penicillin in the horse: an alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin.

This preliminary study evaluated phenoxymethyl penicillin (Penicillin V) as an alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in horses. Penicillin V was administered orally to five horses at two different doses and plasma levels of the drug were determined at timed intervals. The results were evaluated by regression analysis. Following the administration of penicillin V at a dose of 66,000 IU/kg or 110,000 IU/kg, the mean peak plasma levels obtained were 1.55 micrograms/mL and 2.34 micrograms/mL respectively. A plasma level two to four times above the minimal inhibitory concentration level of Streptococcus equi and Streptococcus zooepidemicus was maintained for 325 minutes at 66,000 IU/kg and 349 minutes at 110,000 IU/kg. Penicillin V given orally was thus shown to be an acceptable alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in the horse.     

Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G procaine versus penicillin G potassium and procaine hydrochloride in horses

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pharmacokinetics of penicillin G and procaine in racehorses following i.m. administration of penicillin G procaine (PGP) with pharmacokinetics following i.m. administration of penicillin G potassium and procaine hydrochloride (PH). ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult mares. PROCEDURE: Horses were treated with PGP (22,000 units of penicillin G/kg of body weight, i.m.) and with penicillin G potassium (22,000 U/kg, i.m.) and PH (1.55 mg/kg, i.m.). A minimum of 3 weeks was allowed to elapse between drug treatments. Plasma and urine penicillin G and procaine concentrations were measured by use of high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Median elimination phase half-lives of penicillin G were 24.7 and 12.9 hours, respectively, after administration of PGP and penicillin G potassium. Plasma penicillin G concentration 24 hours after administration of penicillin G potassium and PH was not significantly different from concentration 24 hours after administration of PGP. Median elimination phase half-life of procaine following administration of PGP (15.6 hours) was significantly longer than value obtained after administration of penicillin G potassium and PH (1 hour). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that i.m. administration of penicillin G potassium will result in plasma penicillin G concentrations for 24 hours after drug administration comparable to those obtained with administration of PGP Clearance of procaine from plasma following administration of penicillin G potassium and PH was rapid, compared with clearance following administration of PGP.     

Etiologic agents, incidence, and improved diagnostic methods of cantharidin toxicosis in horses

In addition to the 3-striped blister beetles (Epicauta temexa and E occidentalis), other sources of equine cantharidin toxicosis were identified at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and included E albida and E attrivittata and the previously incriminated E pardalis and E pennsylvanica. Improved methods for diagnosing cantharidin or blister beetle toxicosis involve partial purification of urine and gastric content extracts, using silica cartridges, followed by analysis, using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. During a 26-month period, 53 episodes of cantharidin toxicosis in horses were confirmed at our diagnostic laboratory. Concentrations of cantharidin in urine and gastric contents ranged from 0.0003 to 3.50 micrograms/g. Peak incidences were observed in late summer and early fall.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定克林霉素含量

本实验建立了一种快速检测克林霉素HPLC，用反相C18柱分离克林霉，用乙酰胺做内标，在UV205mm条件下，用乙腈－磷酸盐缓冲液－四氢呋喃（V：V：V＝29：70：1）作流动相测定克林霉素含量。结果表明：标准曲线范围在0.05-40mg/mL回归方程为Y＝0.6547X-0.0034(R^3=0.9992）。