基于表型和SRAP 标记的切花菊品种遗传多样性分析

 利用45 个表型性状和SRAP 标记分析56 个切花菊品种的遗传多样性。表型变异分析结果 表明：21 个性状表现出品种内一致性高及品种间特异性强;主成分分析发现,主成分贡献值较大的性状 有花序直径、花序类型和瓣型等花部性状,其次是叶部和茎杆性状,说明所选用的切花菊品种在分类时 应以花部性状为主,叶部和茎杆性状为辅;表型性状基于遗传距离UPGMA 聚类,将56 个切花菊品种分 为平瓣类、匙瓣类、桂瓣类、匙瓣-平瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。14 对 SRAP 引物组合扩增56 个切花菊品种的DNA,共扩增出454 条带,其中多态性带423 条,占扩增带数的 93.17%,多态性含量PIC 值在0.72 ~ 0.89 之间,平均为0.82,说明切花菊品种在分子水平上具有丰富的 遗传多样性。基于SRAP 标记的UPGMA 聚类分析显示：品种间遗传相似系数在0.64 ~ 0.97 之间,将56 个切花菊品种分为平瓣类-匙瓣、桂瓣类和管瓣类,聚类结果大致按照花径-瓣型-花型分类。Mantel 检验相关性系数为0.682,两种聚类结果有相似之处,均能很好体现试验切花菊品种间的遗传关系。     

菊花脑×甘菊种间F_1杂种的鉴定和遗传多样性分析

利用SSR和SRAP标记及表型性状研究了二倍体菊花近缘种菊花脑(Chrysanthemum nankingense)与甘菊(Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium)种间杂种的真实性和遗传多样性。结果表明,131个杂交F_1代单株中,122个为真杂种,真杂种率为93.13%。42对SSR引物组合在菊花脑、甘菊及其122个F_1杂种中扩增得到123个多态性条带,平均每对引物扩增出3条多态性条带;18对SRAP引物组合扩增得到55个多态性条带,平均每对引物扩增出3条多态性条带。菊花脑×甘菊种间F_1杂种之间的遗传相似系数介于0.44～0.90,表型变异系数在10.16%～16.67%之间,且存在超亲个体,说明种间杂种的遗传变异丰富;杂种的叶片表型偏向于母本。基于表型性状和SSR、SRAP分子标记的UPGMA聚类分析将亲本和122个杂交后代都分为7类,绝大多数杂种后代与母本菊花脑聚在一起,而父本甘菊和少部分杂种株系分别单独聚在一起,表明F_1代与母本更为相似。母本与种间杂种的平均遗传相似性系数(0.62)高于父本(0.54),说明该杂种群体在遗传上更接近母本,与表型观察结果相吻合。     

万寿菊杂交一代遗传多态性的SRAP标记分析

 应用SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) 分子标记对当前市场上推广的48个万寿菊杂交一代品种进行遗传多态性研究,用60个引物组合进行扩增,从中筛选到20个多态性引物组合,共产生289个多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生14.45个多态性条带,显示了较高的多态性比率。聚类分析20个引物组合的扩增结果,48份材料分为两大类,Jaccard's相似系数在0.25～0.91之间。     

仁用杏品种SRAP遗传多样性分析及指纹检索系统的开发

利用SRAP标记对24份仁用杏品种进行了遗传多样性分析。15对引物共扩增出280条带,其中241条为多态性谱带,多态性比率为85.34%;每个引物组合扩增谱带数在13 ~ 24条之间,平均为18.7条;多态性信息含量（PIC）在0.28 ~ 0.65之间,平均为0.51。基于引物Me4-Em4扩增的多态性谱带,构建的指纹检索系统可以区分24个仁用杏品种。根据SRAP扩增结果,利用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图,在相似系数为0.70处可将24个仁用杏品种分为4组,聚类结果与形态分类基本一致。     

十二份杧果种质亲缘关系的SRAP分析

以12份杧果种质为试材,利用SRAP分子标记技术对其进行遗传多样性研究。结果表明:从36对引物中筛选出22对多态性好的引物,共扩增出251条DNA条带,其中多态性谱带181条,平均每对引物扩增得到15.08条多态性谱带,多态性比率为72.11%。UPGMA聚类表明,所有供试品种(系)之间的亲缘关系都比较近,相似系数在0.77~0.89;如果以相似系数0.78为标准,可将供试的12个品种(系)分为3类。表明利用SRAP技术能较好的区分杧果的亲缘关系;SRAP分子标记适合杧果的DNA遗传多样性分析,可作为杧果种质鉴定依据之一。     

菠萝遗传多样性的SRAP分析

利用SRAP标记研究了61份菠萝种质的遗传多样性。从99对SRAP引物中筛选出35对引物对61份菠萝种质进行遗传多样性分析,均得到了清晰指纹,且所有品种表现出多态性;供试菠萝品种的多态性比率均较小,在47.32%~68.90%;35对SRAP标记共获得567条带,多态性位点384个,多态条带比率为67.72%;61份菠萝种质其相互之间相似系数为0.8027~0.9510,表明61份菠萝品种之间遗传关系相对较近;应用UPGMA进行聚类,在大致相似系数0.8330的水平上,61份材料可分为5种类型。     

SRAP在葱栽培品种遗传多样性研究中的适用性分析

为评价SRAP技术对葱品种进行鉴定和遗传关系分析的适用性, 对20个葱栽培品种的表型特征进行了观察记载, 利用256个SRAP引物组合对其进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明: (1) 256个SRAP引物组合中有161个引物组合产生多态性条带, 占所用引物组合数的62.9%。161个引物组合共产生336条多态性条带, 不同引物组合产生的多态性条带数为1～6个, 平均2.1个。20个葱栽培品种遗传相似系数变幅为0.464～0.938, 平均0.703。(2) 依据SRAP进行聚类分析的分类结果与依据表型特征分类的结果一致。上述结果说明SRAP标记可以在葱栽培品种的鉴定和遗传多样性研究中应用。     

部分矮牵牛品种亲缘关系的SRAP分析

本文首次利用分子标记SRAP(sequence-related amplified polymorphism)对部分矮牵牛品种进行亲缘关系分析。采用88对引物对我国栽培的58个矮牵牛品种进行扩增,从中筛选得到20个多态性较高的引物组合,共产生389条多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生19.5个多态性条带,每个引物组合分别产生13～40个扩增带,Jaccard's相似系数在0.55～0.87之间。在遗传距离(GD)为0.67处,可将58个矮牵牛品种分为4个类群,第一类群主要为暖色系列的品种,第二类群为黄色花品种,第三、四类群为冷色花品种,白色花品种聚类较散。本研究结果为开展矮牵牛新品种保护、种子纯度检测以及分子育种提供了分子生物学资料。     

利用SRAP分析东北地区甜菜品系遗传多样性

采用SRAP分子标记方法对东北地区的100份甜菜材料进行了遗传多样性分析。利用4个表型差异显著的甜菜品系对SRAP的88对引物组合进行扩增．筛选出有效引物组合33对。SRAP的33对引物组合共产生694条扩增带,其中有424条多态性条带,多态性条带的比率平均为61．0％。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,在遗传距离0．20处,将参试材料分为四大类群,分别为高产低糖低抗型、中产高糖高抗型、高产高糖高抗型、高产低糖抗丛根病型。聚类结果与生物学和经济学性状分类基本吻合．较好地显示了甜菜材料丰富的遗传多样性和遗传基础的差异性。遗传相似系数平均值大小为国外引进品种0．8642〉单胚品系0．7910〉多胚四倍体品系0．7497〉多胚二倍体品系0．7101。从聚类图来看．只有个别材料和外国品种聚类到一起．可能是由外国品种杂交改良而成。遗传基础相近。从SRAP扩增条带来看,外国材料只有8～12条,东北材料有16～28条之多,中外材料之间确实存在较大差异．东北材料中缺少丰产基因型．可能是基因组成比较复杂所致。     

西瓜杂交种遗传多态性的SRAP标记分析

 利用新型分子标记SRAP ( Sequence2Related Amp lified Polymorphism) 进行西瓜杂交种遗传多态性的研究, 利用25个引物组合对当前生产上推广的20个西瓜杂交种进行扩增, 从中筛选得到20个多态性引物组合, 共产生135个多态性条带, 平均每个引物组合产生71.1个多态性条带, 显示了较高的多态性比率。聚类分析20个引物组合的扩增结果, 20份材料分为3大类, Jaccardps相似系数在0.29～0.86之间。     

SRAP分子标记预测萝卜遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性

探讨应用SRAP分子标记分析萝卜亲本遗传距离从而预测F1杂种优势的可行性,为萝卜杂交种亲本的性状改良及F1杂种优势选配提供参考。选择来源不同、农艺性状有差异的11个耐抽薹萝卜亲本材料,按不完全双列杂交法组配30个杂交组合,运用SRAP分子标记分析萝卜亲本遗传距离以及其和萝卜农艺性状杂种优势之间的关系。结果证明:通过运用327个多态性SRAP标记来计算11个亲本间的遗传距离,其范围在0.162~0.486,且平均为0.291。亲本间SRAP标记的遗传距离与F_1杂种表现既有相关显著,也有相关不显著;与各农艺性状杂种优势相关达到极显著、显著相关或不显著相关水平,表明SRAP分子标记遗传距离在一定程度上能反映出农艺性状杂种优势的强弱,但其相关程度还不能准确地预测杂种优势。     

Genetic diversity of Rehmannia glutinosa cultivars based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

SRAP analytic system was used to assess genetic diversity of Rehmnnia glutinosa. Twenty-three Rehmnnia glutinosa cultivars were screened with 288 primer combinations, of which 13 produced stable and reproducible amplification patterns in three repetitive experiments. Among a total of 338 amplified fragments, 306 (90.5%) were polymorphic, with an average of 23.5 fragments for each primer combination. The percentage of polymorphic bands for each primer combination varied from 58.3 to 100%. The cultivars had a similarity ranging from 0.335 to 0.713 with a mean of 0.518. Shannon's diversity index and expected heterozygosity were 0.3217 and 0.2008, respectively. Based on the cluster, which were conducted on the similarity matrix of SRAP marker data, the cultivars were divided into four groups at the 20 rescaled distance cluster combine. The results demonstrated that SRAP is a stable marker technique for the assessment of genetic diversity of Rehmannia glutinosa cultivars, and that the level of genetic diversity among them from different production areas was relatively high.     

芥菜种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系的SRAP 分析

利用SRAP 标记对111 份芥菜种质的遗传多样性进行了分析,并记载了其形态特征。从300 对SRAP 引物中筛选出21
对多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物组合,共扩增出150 条条带,其中106 条为多态性条带,多态性比率为70.67%。
SRAP 聚类分析结果表明,111 份芥菜材料的遗传相似系数在0.38～0.89 之间,分为5 大类和若干亚类。对芥菜的叶片性状及根、
茎、叶、薹的发育状况等农艺性状进行调查分析,结果表明111 份芥菜材料的遗传相似系数在0.39～1.00 之间,分为4 大类和
若干亚类。这两种方法的聚类结果基本一致,表明SRAP 标记可以应用于芥菜种质资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系研究。     

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of late-bolting radish cultivars with RAPD,ISSR and SRAP markers

Three molecular marker systems, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism), were employed for identification and genetic diversity analysis of 35 elite late-bolting radish cultivars. Detected by 35 RAPD primers, 22 ISSR primers and 17 SRAP primer combinations, the proportions of polymorphic bands were 85.44%, 85.2% and 85.41%, respectively, and the mean genetic similarity coefficients between pairs of genotypes were 0.781, 0.787 and 0.764, respectively. Each of the three molecular marker systems can identify all the cultivars. Five sets of three-RAPD primers, 3 sets of three-ISSR primers and 16 sets of three-SRAP primer combinations were able to distinguish all the cultivars. A linear relationship was observed between Resolving power (Rp) of a primer and its ability to distinguish genotypes. The 35 cultivars were clustered into three major groups based on the RAPD, ISSR and marker combination data with UPGMA, which are in high accordance with their own origins and main characteristics. The results demonstrated that these three marker systems could be useful for identification and genetic diversity analysis of radish cultivars.     

Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

Analysis of genetic variation in eggplant and related Solanum species using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Collection and characterization of all sorts of germplasm resources are required for the development of new cultivars. Molecular characterization is more reliable than morphological characterization. Here, we employed sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to evaluate genetic variation in a diverse collection of 56 Solanum accessions. Fifty-five SRAP primer combinations were used and a total of 635 polymorphic bands were observed. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on similarity matrices indicated that there were three clusters: (i) S. melongena; (ii) S. aethiopicum; (iii) S. surattense. The coefficients of genetic similarity among all the accessions ranged from 0.04 to 0.96 with an average of 0.73, and averaged 0.78 among S. melongena accessions originated from China, indicating extensive genetic variation. These results demonstrated that SRAP can be efficiently used to estimate genetic diversity and analyze phylogenetic relationship.     

适合我国南方地区栽培的枣优良品种亲缘关系研究

利用荧光AFLP分子标记技术,对适合我国南方地区栽培的26个枣优良品种亲缘关系进行研究。结果表明,8对引物共扩增得到886条带,其中多态性条带为817条,多态性比例达到了92.2%,体现了非常丰富的遗传多样性。系统聚类结果表明大部分来源于北方地区的鲜食品种聚为一类,彼此间亲缘关系较近;制干、兼用品种和南方本地品种表现出较近的亲缘关系。酥脆枣与孔府酥脆枣亲缘关系很近,而河南鸡蛋枣与湖南鸡蛋枣之间存在着较远的遗传距离。