平阴玫瑰品种数量分类研究的探讨

 本研究将数量分类方法应用于平阴玫瑰栽培品种的分类, 共选取了37个形态性状, 采用SAS聚类方法, 对21个平阴玫瑰品种进行了数量分类学研究。结果表明, Q型聚类分析可以比较理想地将供试品种在Lq1 = 1.2586水平上分为3个系, 在Lq2 = 1.128水平上分为5类, 同时揭示了玫瑰系与蔷薇系亲缘关系较近。     

平阴玫瑰花粉生活力及其贮藏条件的研究

 对22个平阴玫瑰品种的花粉进行了生活力测定及贮藏性能研究。结果表明, 不同玫瑰品种以及在不同贮藏条件下的花粉生活力和耐贮藏能力不同。采收当日‘紫枝玫瑰’的花粉萌发率最高(90.0% ) , ‘朱紫双辉’花粉萌发率最低(9.5% ) ; 花粉适宜贮藏条件为干燥、低温环境。花粉生活力随着贮藏时间的延长而下降, 5月份室内自然温湿度条件下贮藏的花粉生活力下降较快, 30 d后绝大多数品种花粉活力降为零; 冻藏( - 4～- 6 ℃) 的花粉生活力下降较慢, 60 d后仍然保持较高的萌发率, 一年后多数品种仍有一定的生活力。     

平阴玫瑰组培苗多酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性与其生根的关系

对平阴玫瑰(Rosa rugosa) 多酚含量及多酚氧化酶( Polyphenol oxidase, PPO) 活性与组培苗生根的关系进行了研究, 对多酚含量、PPO活性与生根指数进行了相关性分析。结果表明: 平阴玫瑰不同品种间的多酚含量、PPO活性及生根指数存在极显著差异。多酚含量与生根指数显著负相关, PPO活性与生根指数极显著负相关。对不同pH条件下‘紫枝玫瑰’组培苗的PPO活性和生根指数的研究表明, ‘紫枝玫瑰’组培苗的PPO活性及生根指数与pH均有密切联系, pH为6.5时PPO活性最高, 而生根指数最低, pH 5.5最适宜生根。     

中国玫瑰品种资源花粉形态的观察与比较

应用扫描电镜对我国37个玫瑰品种的花粉形状、大小、外壁纹饰等作了比较研究。结果表明:玫瑰花粉粒为长球形至超长球形,具三孔沟;根据穿孔的数量和形状以及条纹的有无,可以将玫瑰花粉外壁纹饰分为穴状、条纹-穴状、条纹-网状3个类型;玫瑰品种间花粉形态类似,但外壁纹饰、穿孔形态和数量等有较明显差异,可以作为区分品种的辅助依据。     

梅花品种分类的花粉形态学研究

对花梅３个系６０个品种的花粉形态进行了光镜和电镜观察，对观测结果进行了主成分分析与聚类分析。结果表明，梅花花粉可以分成６大类；各品种的花粉形态可以较客观地反映梅品种的亲缘演化关系。孢粉学证据基本支持传统的二元三级品种分类系统，但也有异议。垂枝梅类与直枝梅类在花粉形态上不存在显著差异；宫粉型内各品种可能来源不一，且进化程度不一，分化明显，在分类上可以考虑细分；绿萼型品种的形成中可能有李的基因渗入。     

奇特变异的白玫瑰——「玉龙映霞」

山东平阴县是中国著名的玫瑰之乡，栽培玫瑰已有1300多年的历史。平阴玫瑰以其品质优良、香气纯正、产量高而备受广大花农青睐。平阴玫瑰研究所的科研人员经过多年的潜心研究成功地培育出园林绿化及生产兼用型的紫枝玫瑰。     

家庭盆栽好材料——四季玫瑰

四季玫瑰是山东省平阴玫瑰研究所经过多年的科学研究，用平阴重瓣红玫瑰(Rosa rugosa var．plena)与山刺玫(R．davurica)杂交后所得的优质品种之一，属蔷薇科蔷薇属植物，是一种多年生直立落叶丛生小灌木，花期4～11月，因比一般品种长而得名。奇数羽状复叶，叶互生，叶片较厚，叶面有皱纹，叶脉凹陷。当年生嫩枝为青绿色，霜降后枝条变为光滑少刺的亮紫红色，因而又名紫枝玫     

紫枝玫瑰五姊妹

紫枝玫瑰是玫瑰家族中的新成员，为平阴玫瑰研究所科研人员利用山刺玫为母本，平阴玫瑰为父本进行有性杂交，培育出的玫瑰新品种，因当年抽生枝条绿色，霜降后呈紫红色，而且随着温度的降低紫红色加深而得名。经过长期观察，紫枝玫瑰表现出生长势强、花多花大、多次开花等优良性状，且各种性状十分稳定。又因其开花习性与月季十分相近，具有抽枝即能开花的特点，且花期长，     

玫瑰、月季、蔷薇等蔷薇属植物RAPD分析

 对蔷薇属的玫瑰、月季、蔷薇3 个种的15 个品种进行RAPD 分析, 16 个引物对受试品种PCR扩增共获得202 条谱带, 其中123 条(60. 9 %) 表现多态性。利用UPGAMA 法构建分子系统进化树, 以相似性系数0. 5 为阈值, 玫瑰与月季为一个聚类组, 蔷薇为另一个聚类组; 以相似性系数0. 6 为阈值, 4个蔷薇品种分为4 个不同的聚类组, 5 个月季品种为一个聚类组, 5 个玫瑰品种为一个聚类组, 平阴紫枝玫瑰单独为一个聚类组, 表明玫瑰与月季的亲缘关系较近, 两者与蔷薇的亲缘关系较远。     

三十二个栽培牡丹品种花粉形态比较与品种群分类

以32个栽培牡丹品种为试材,采用扫描电镜的方法,对栽培牡丹品种的花粉进行形态学比较,以期为栽培牡丹品种在花粉形态的分类上提供参考依据.结果 表明:32个栽培牡丹品种的花粉既有相似性又有差异性,花粉均呈单粒存在,均具有三拟孔沟,在赤道轴、极轴长、萌发沟长、网脊宽、网孔直径、极面观、赤道面观以及外壁纹饰上均有很大不同,通过对花粉形态的量化指标进行聚类分析,将供试的32个栽培牡丹品种进行品种群分类.通过对花粉形态进行的主成分分析,发现花粉外壁纹饰、花粉粒大小以及花粉萌发结构能够作为品种群分类的重要依据.     

Sexual compatibility within and between olive cultivars

Summary

Self- and cross-incompatibility of the olive cultivars Frantoio, Manzanillo, Kalamata, Pendolino, and Picual were investigated using a 5 × 5 diallel matrix. Pistils were collected seven days after controlled pollinations on the day of flower opening, and pollen tubes were detected by fluorescence microscopy. Diallel analysis showed significant specific combining ability, general combining ability and reciprocal effects between cultivars for pollen tube growth in the pistil. ‘Frantoio’ was cross-compatible, as either a male or female parent, with each of the other cultivars, but showed a high degree of self-incompatibility. ‘Manzanillo’, ‘Kalamata’, ‘Pendolino’, and ‘Picual’ were crossincompatible, and all except for ‘Manzanillo’, were self-incompatible. It is concluded that ‘Frantoio’ is a good general polleniser for the other cultivars investigated. Pollen tube growth decreased in discrete steps from stigma to upper style, and from upper style to lower style, with the result that only one, and rarely more, pollen tube penetrated ovules. The sex ratio of flowers, and pollen viability using fluroescein diacetate staining and in vitro germination, were examined. ‘Frantoio’, ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ had more than 80% perfect flowers, while ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ had less than 30%. ‘Frantoio’ had the highest pollen viability, ‘Kalamata’ and ‘Picual’ were intermediate, and ‘Manzanillo’ and ‘Pendolino’ the lowest. Pollen staining and both in vitro and in vivo germination provided the same male fertility rankings of cultivars.     

Effect of temperature on pollen germination and pollen tube growth of four cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.)

Summary

The effect of a constant (10, 15, 20 or 25°C) or a diurnal maximum/minimum (15/5, 20/10, 25/15 or 30/20°C) incubation temperature on in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth in the pistils of two poly-embryonic (‘Kensington’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai’), and two mono-embryonic (‘Irwin’ and ‘Sensation’) mango cultivars was studied. In in vitro experiments where pollen was incubated in a liquid germination medium for 24 h in darkness, little difference was found between pollen germination of mono- and poly-embryonic cultivars. Averaged over the four cultivars, 53.9% of pollen germinated at 10°C, this increased to 76.2% when the incubation temperature was increased to 15°C, thereafter up to 25°C the percentage germination remained stable but germination decreased slightly to 68.2% at 30°C. Similarly, there was no difference in percent germination between cultivars when pollen was incubated under diurnal temperature regimes. Mean pollen germination of all four cultivars was 52.3% at 15/5°C and pollen germination increased by 10% when the temperature was raised to 30/20°C. When self-pollinated flowers were incubated for 24 h on a semi-solid agar medium at 10°C, pollen tube growth of the four cultivars was retarded and no pollen tubes reached the ovaries. As the temperature was increased from 15 to 25°C, the mean number of pollen tubes in ovaries increased from 0.04 to 0.25. At 30°C, the mean number of pollen tubes that entered ovaries decreased to 0.04. After incubation under diurnal temperature regimes, the mean number of pollen tubes in ovaries of all four cultivars at 15/5°C was 0.23 and increased to 0.42 when the temperature increased to 30/20°C. At each incubation temperature, there were significant differences in pollen tube growth between cultivars, but there were no differences between the temperature response of pollen from mono- and poly-embryonic cultivars.     

Effect of low temperatures during flowering on floral cycle and pollen tube growth in nine avocado cultivars

The floral response of the type A avocado cultivars ‘Reed’, ‘Wurtz’, ‘Rincon’ and ‘Jalna’, and the type B cultivars ‘Bacon’, ‘Ryan’, ‘Edranol’, ‘Sharwil’ and ‘Hazzard’ was tested under growth-cabinet conditions of 17° C day, 12° C night, with a 12-h photoperiod and photon flux density of 400 μE m^?2 s^?1 (400–700 nm). Most of the flowers of all type A cultivars and the type B cultivar ‘Bacon’ had both a female and a male stage. None of the flowers of the other type B cultivars had a female stage but opened in the male stage only. Hand pollination resulted in some ovule penetration in the cultivars with female stage flowers. In those with only male-stage flowers, the pollen tubes grew no further than the style. Maintenance of fertility under low-temperature conditions during flowering appeared to be partly, but not entirely, linked to the type A flowering cycle.     

Studies on the Nutrition of Tulips and Narcissi

Summary

We explored the effects of pollination method (hand cross-, hand self-, automatic self-, and open-pollination) and pollen source on fruit set and growth in four red-skinned pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) cultivars [‘Vietnam White’ (‘VNWhite’), ‘Chaozhou 5’, ‘Orejona’, and ‘F11’] in Taiwan.‘VN-White’ has white flesh, while the other three cultivars have red flesh. There were no significant differences in pollen viability or germination rate among the four cultivars, irrespective of whether the pollen was collected at night (approx. 20.30 h) or on the following morning (approx. 08.30 h).The results also indicated that ‘VN White’ was fully self-compatible and exhibited a high fruit set percentage (80 - 96%) following all pollination treatments. This cultivar produced the largest fruit from both hand self- and openpollination, compared to the three other cultivars tested. ‘Chaozhou 5’ was partly self-compatible, and ‘Orejona’ and ‘F11’ were completely self-incompatible. Hand cross-pollination significantly increased the fruit set percentages and mean fruit fresh weights (FWs) in ‘Chaozhou 5’ and ‘Orejona’. Pollen source also significantly affected the fruit set percentage and fruit FW. ‘VN-White’ (after self-pollination) and ‘Chaozou 5’ (after crossing with ‘VN-White’) gave superior fruit set percentages and fruit FWs. Reciprocal crosses between ‘Orejona’ and ‘F11’ also resulted in high fruit set percentages as well as large fruit in both cultivars. Therefore, the source of pollen and the method of pollination can affect fruit production in some cultivars of pitaya. Self-compatibility in ‘VN-White’ concurs with the morphology of its flowers in which the anthers lie in close proximity to the stigma.The distance between the anthers and the stigma may be used an indicator of whether hand pollination is necessary for a pitaya cultivar.     

60Co-γ射线对李花粉辐射效应的研究

以‘新世纪’、‘石原早生’、‘澳李14’李品种为试材,研究⁶⁰Co-γ辐射,对李花粉发芽率的影响。结果表明:不同剂量率对李花粉发芽率影响较明显,‘新世纪’李、‘澳李14’李均以剂量率0.6 Gy/min辐射后花粉发芽率最高,且随剂量率的升高花粉发芽率逐渐降低;‘石原早生’李以1.2 Gy/min最高。不同剂量对不同李品种花粉发芽率影响相同,‘新世纪’李、‘石原早生’李、‘澳李14’均以剂量20 Gy辐射后花粉发芽率最高,且随剂量的升高花粉发芽率逐渐降低。说明低剂量、低剂量率辐射不同李品种花粉后发芽率较高,可用于远缘杂交育种。     

Pollen tube growth in macadamia

Pollen tube growth in macadamia was studied by fluorescence microscopy. The cultivars ‘Kakea’, ‘Keauhou’, ‘Hinde’ and ‘Renown’ showed some self-incompatibility, with pollen tube growth arrested in the style. Inhibited tubes had swollen tips and appeared to discharge their contents through a sub-terminal pore. Cross-pollination resulted in a single pollen tube reaching the ovary in from 0 to 48% of the pistils observed. The pollen tube took up to 7 days to reach the ovary. Random samples of open-pollinated flowers were taken from 5 cultivars: ‘Kakea’, ‘Keauhou’, ‘Hinde’, ‘Renown’ and ‘Nutty Glen’. The pistils had fewer ovaries with a pollen tube than those which were hand-pollinated.     

10个新疆梨品种开花生物学及果实品质特征研究

了解新疆梨品种的开花生物学及果实品质特征,为其合理利用提供数据参考。在10个新疆梨品种的生殖生长期,对开花物候期、花部特性、花粉特性及果实品质特性等进行测定对比分析。结果表明:除‘艾温切克’‘库尔勒黄酸梨’外,其他8个品种花期一致,但果实成熟期有明显差异;‘库尔勒香梨’与其他品种的花器官特征无明显差异;‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花粉活力较强、单花药花粉量较多;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’等4个品种的单果重较大,显著大于‘库尔勒香梨’;‘艾温切克’的果实硬度最小,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物、维生素C含量均较高,与‘库尔勒香梨’无显著差异或显著高于‘库尔勒香梨’。综上,‘绿梨’‘阿克苏句句梨’的花期与‘库尔勒香梨’重叠,花粉量较多、萌发率最高,花器官特征与‘库尔勒香梨’接近,可作‘库尔勒香梨’的备选授粉树;‘艾温切克’‘绿梨’的果实品质及口感好、果实成熟期早,且果皮颜色与其他品种有明显差异,可作为优良育种材料。     

Morphology and anatomy of pollen grains from male-fertile and male-sterile cultivars of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Summary

Pollen morphology and ultrastructure are described for four male-fertile cultivars (‘Firdola’, ‘Karamehmet’, ‘Sar?a?lama’, and ‘Hac?ömer’) and two male-sterile cultivars (‘Osmanog?lu’ and ‘Vakit Kestanesi’) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) using light microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Pollen grains of both male-fertile and male-sterile chestnut cultivars are tricolporate, the germinal furrow extending almost the full length of the grain axis. Pollen grains have a slightly reticulate exine. Pollen grain length varied from 13.33 – 21.30 µm, and decreased significantly in the male-sterile cultivars. Three different pollen shapes were observed among the cultivars: prolate, perprolate, and sub-prolate. The ultrastructure of the pollen grains did not differ between male-fertile and male-sterile cultivars. Intine, exine and total wall thickness (exine + intine) of pollen grains were determined as: 83.2 – 153.1 nm, 432.8 – 520.0 nm, and 516.0 – 651.6 nm, respectively; and variations were significant (P ≤ 0.05) among cultivars. The percentages of in vitro germination of pollen grains of male-fertile cultivars were between 11 – 78%, and the variations among cultivars were significant (P ≤ 0.05). The percentages of empty pollen grains observed among cultivars ranged from 3 – 32%. The correlation coefficient between the percentage of normal pollen and the germination rate was r = 0.898 (P ≤ 0.01).