光皮梾木种子催芽技术研究

采用不同的催芽方法对光皮梾木的种子进行处理,试验结果表明:光皮梾木的种子在低温沙藏120d发芽率较高,达63.4%,低温沙藏90d以后对促进种子的发芽作用显著。在湖北光皮梾种子低温沙藏催芽方法较其它催芽方法好。     

观赏槭树的苗期试验初报

观赏槭树育苗试验表明,不同树种、种源间种实发芽率差异较大。发芽率较高的种类有樟叶槭(92%)、鸡爪槭(90%)、三角枫(90%),其次是复叶槭(85%)、红花槭(82%)、橄榄槭(76%)和元宝槭(75%);茶条槭、五角槭、罗浮槭发芽率均小于70%。1年生苗高生长量以复叶槭最大(113.98 cm),其次是三角枫(101.21 cm);樟叶槭和鸡爪槭1年生苗生长量中等,当年生长量分别为62.43 cm和71.74 cm;罗浮槭、青榨槭和橄榄槭1年生苗高生长量较小。季节生长节律有3种类型:橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭等几种槭树表现为第1类型(前期生长型),即5月前苗木缓慢生长,6~7月进入速生期,7月以后苗木渐渐停止生长,速生期较短。复叶槭和青榨槭表现为第2种类型:1年生苗全年高生长有2次高峰,出现在6月和9月;樟叶槭和三角枫季节生长节律表现为第3种类型:5月生长缓慢,6月生长开始加快进入速生期,一直持续到8月底,速生期长。三角枫、橄榄槭、鸡爪槭、元宝槭、茶条槭、复叶槭和青榨槭等几种槭树表现出较强的抗寒性,樟叶槭和罗浮槭抗寒性较差。     

江西省梾木属种质资源及开发利用

江西省木属有小梾木、梾木、毛梾、灯台树、红瑞木、光皮树6种。本文概述其特征、分布、利用现状,并提出开发利用建议。     

野生毛冬青的驯化繁育研究

毛冬青(Ilex pubescens) 是我国南方常用中药,药材来源主要为野生资源。文章通过引种野生 毛冬青,开展繁育方面的初步研究。结果表明,毛冬青种子具休眠性,导致出苗不齐;采种时间为 10— 12 月,可用随采随播方式播种,播种后约 67 d 开始出土,春季发芽率约 20%,采用低温沙藏略可提高种 子发芽率。毛冬青当年苗平均苗高 33.24 cm,平均地径 4.08 mm,速生期为 5—10 月,苗高 Logistic 拟合 曲线为 y=34.710/(1+66.416exp-0.638× 月份)。毛冬青苗期采用搭棚遮荫（50% 光照）对苗木的生长有利,平均 苗高、地径、苗木存活率、合格苗率比全光照增加 5.81 cm、0.7 mm、16 及 26 个百分点。     

低温层积时间及冷冻处理对龙芽楤木种子发芽力的影响

以龙芽楤木种子为对象,研究不同低温层积时间、冷冻处理对发芽力的影响,结果表明:龙芽楤木种子经日变温层积处理后,低温处理120 d左右时,发芽率、发芽势最高;已解除休眠的龙芽楤木种子经冷冻处理后进入二次休眠状态,经90 d左右的低温层积处理可解除休眠,与二次休眠前相比较其发芽率略有降低而发芽势则有所提高。     

8种梾木观赏性及经济学性状的综合评价

为给梾木属植物的造林应用和推广提供指导,应用层次分析法(AHP),筛选出13个评价指标,建立包括生长性状、形态指标、观赏性、种子油、抗寒性5项准则指标的多层次分析结构模型,实现对8种梾木观赏及主要经济学性状的综合评价。结果表明:8种植物生长性状及形态指标差别较大,株型多样,部分物种枝条冬季猩红色;观赏性也具显著差异,果实色泽多样,花期长短不一,秋季叶色有别;粗叶梾木具有生长快、叶色艳丽、景观效果好、抗寒性强的优点,在所有物种中得分最高,为4.389;熊果梾木为生长较快的落叶灌木,晚秋枝条猩红色,秋叶红橙色,极具观赏性,加上其抗性强,在所有物种中得分第二,为3.973;多花梾木花大、花期长、果红色,得分第三,为3.843;国产毛梾含油量高、酸值低、皂化值中等,适于营造生物能源林。     

水榆花楸种子解除休眠技术研究

通过采取雪藏、冰柜沙藏和室外沙藏等不同层积措施进行水榆花楸休眠解除试验。结果表明:采用雪藏层积方法明显优于其他技术措施,层积90d,发芽率达到98.3%;水榆花楸休眠解除最好办法是进行拌雪和拌沙处理,不但处理的种子数量多,而且解除休眠效果好,发芽率高。     

毛梾种子低温层积过程中内源激素的变化及其与发芽的关系

为了分析毛梾种子内源激素与发芽的关系,以了解种子休眠的内在机制,应用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)研究了毛梾种子低温层积过程中内源激素含量的动态变化情况。结果表明:IAA在层积处理初期剧烈降低,层积处理持续一段时间后IAA含量显著升高,但层积处理后期IAA含量下降,IAA/ABA比值的变化也出现了同样的趋势;种子中的ABA在层积处理前期较高,但随着处理时间的延长其含量趋于下降;GA1/3的变化相对较为平稳,尽管有一定的波动,但整体呈逐渐增高的趋势;ZRs含量变化幅度很小,接近一条直线;iPAs含量的变化幅度相对较大,在整个处理期内呈"M"形曲线变化。相关分析结果表明:IAA含量与IAA/ABA比值呈极显著的正相关(p0.01);ABA含量与ZRs/ABA比值呈极显著的负相关(p0.01),与iPA/ABA比值呈显著的负相关(p0.05)。发芽试验结果表明:种子经层积处理后其发芽率与发芽势均明显上升,且均随处理时间的延长而增加,而未经层积处理的种子其发芽率为0;层积处理180 d毛梾种子的发芽率与发芽势最大,分别为41.34%、36.13%。文中据此推断,要解除毛梾种子的深休眠,最好对其低温层积处理150 d以上。     

三尖杉不同种源苗期生长性状分析

研究了14个三尖杉种源和篦子三尖杉苗期的生长情况,结果表明,三尖杉和篦子三尖杉幼苗生长曲线均趋直线,整个生长过程中没有明显的停滞期;14个三尖杉种源和篦子三尖杉生长曲线可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两种类型,其中江西崇义、上饶,福建明溪,安徽黄山,广东午远5个种源1年生苗生长曲线属Ⅰ型,该类型整个生长期生长较快,但在前期生长较缓慢,后期有一明显相对生长迅速期;江西修水、井冈山,贵州黎平、从江,云南石屏,河南洛阳,四川峨嵋,湖南绥宁,湖北恩施9个种源1年生苗生长曲线属Ⅱ型,其整个生长期生长速率均保持在一个比较低的水平,没有明显可区分的相对生长迅速期;篦子三尖杉生长曲线接近Ⅱ型,介于不同种源三尖杉之间。对14个三尖杉种源和篦子三尖杉1年生苗生长量进行方差分析,结果表明,三尖杉种源间幼苗生长量存在极显著差异,种源与试验地的交互作用也存在极显著差异,不同种源间的苗高生长差异较大,生长量最大的为安徽黄山种源,1年生苗高为18.60 cm,生长量最小的为湖南绥宁10.90 cm,篦子三尖杉1年生苗高生长量为11.00 cm。     

酸枣种子特性及引种栽培初报

在吉林省柳河县进行酸枣种子育苗及引种栽培试验,结果表明:酸枣种子本身不存在休眠现象,坚硬的内果皮是限制种子萌发的主要因素;酸枣有性繁殖时,需将种实进行低温沙藏90～120 d,发芽出土整齐,发芽率高达91％ ～95％.酸枣1年生播种苗需要埋土防寒越冬,2年生留床苗不需任何防寒措施就能安全越冬,2年生留床苗平均苗高80.6 cm,平均地径0.94 cm,保持了原有的优良形状;适应性强,抗旱、耐寒、抗病虫害能力强.     

Seedling growth and establishment in natural stands of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis) seedlings derived from the use of modified seed dormancy-breaking treatments

Following dispersal from the parent tree, seeds of yellow-cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis[D. Don] Spach) exhibit low germination, primarily as a result of coat-imposed dormancy. Dormancy of the mature (intact) seed is effectively terminated by traditional warm/cold treatments. A chemical treatment using the anaesthetic 1-propanol combined with a three day warm water soak (30 °C), a two day GA₃ treatment and 60 d of moist chilling not only promotes high germinability of yellow-cedar seeds, but also elicits vigorous post-germinative growth following seedling emergence under nursery greenhouse conditions. Here we compare the effectiveness of the more traditional warm/cold treatments with the chemical treatment in terms of their capacity to elicit vigorous growth and establishment in natural stands following transplant of seedlings from a nursery greenhouse environment. Two seed lots (42313 and 43697) and open-pollinated seed from parent trees 13-6 and 19-8 showed equivalent seedling growth in natural stands following the chemical treatment and two traditional warm/cold treatments typically used for dormancy breakage by the forest industry and by the Ministry of Forests in British Columbia. The chemical protocol offers the advantage of reducing the time required to break seed dormancy. We have now demonstrated that it yields seedlings that exhibit vigorous growth and are capable of withstanding the vagaries of the environment.     

山苍子种子育苗试验

针对山苍子种子休眠期长,苗木繁育困难的现状,采用7月采的种子和9月采的种子进行种子育苗试验。结果表明:7月采的种子的出苗数和苗高生长量只有9月采的种子的20%和63.3%,两者达到极显著差异。7月采种,由于种子尚未完全成熟,种子发芽率低,苗木生长较差;9月采种,种子已完全成熟,种子发芽率高,苗木生长较好。     

Germination and early seedling growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus densata</Emphasis> Mast. provenances

We studied seed germination and early seedling growth of Pinus densata to explore the range of variability within the species and to inform afforestation practices. Phenotypes were evaluated at a forest tree nursery under conditions that support Pinus yunnanensis, one of the presumed parental species of P. densata. Seeds were collected from 20 open-pollinated trees within each of eight autochthonous populations representing the natural distribution of P. densata in China to assess variation in germination traits and early seedling growth, and to examine the relationships among these traits. Results showed that seeds from all populations germinated and seedlings established successfully. There were significant differences among populations in 13 of 14 traits evaluated. Seed germination and early seedling growth were strongly related to seed size and seed weight. Bigger seeds germinated earlier and faster than small seeds, and seedling size was positively correlated with seed size. Some germination traits were strongly and significantly correlated with climatic variables associated with the provenance of the studied populations. Based on these observations, we conclude there were large, significant, and biologically important differences among P. densata populations in seed germination and seedling growth traits. The observed variability probably reflects a high degree of adaptive differentiation among populations that is likely to be relevant for future afforestation.     

大叶椴种子不同贮藏方式对发芽和出苗率的影响

在大叶椴种子贮藏时期进行打破休眠对发芽率和出苗率影响的试验表明:即先从大叶椴坚硬果实内取出休眠种子在浓硫酸中脱皮10 min后,再在无基质(3℃)条件下层积催芽140～168 d(直到第1粒种子开始发芽为止).结果表明:经过处理后的种子当发芽试验中昼夜温度为3～15℃(16 h+8 h)时,几周后种子的发芽率达90%;...     

濒危树种极东锦鸡儿(Caragana fruticosa)种子的萌发特性

以濒危树种极东锦鸡儿成熟种子为材料,研究极东锦鸡儿种子物理性状和温度对其种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:极东锦鸡儿种荚结实率较低,且约有1/4种子受虫害;成熟种子含水量为6.6%,千粒重18.6 g。种子长、宽和厚存在一定变异。种子长度平均为0.42 cm,宽度平均为0.27 cm,厚度平均为0.24 cm,长宽比为0.64。种皮透水性良好。不同温度条件对种子发芽率具有极显著影响。25℃条件下种子发芽率最高,为38.33%。随着温度的升高或降低,种子发芽率降低。发芽试验的第八天是计算种子发芽势的适宜时期。不同温度条件对极东锦鸡儿幼苗高度的影响极显著,对胚根长度影响显著。25℃有利于幼苗高度和胚根长度的增加,较高温度(30℃)有利于幼苗生物量增加。     

甘孜高海拔地区大果圆柏育苗技术研究

本文分析了大果圆柏的生物学和生态学特性,对育苗环节的苗圃地选择、种子采集、种子贮藏、种子处理、播种时间、播种方式、播种量以及苗木的后期管理进行了叙述。研究结果表明：1）沙藏是贮藏种子的最好方式,各项调查指标均优于其它贮藏方式;2）育苗过程中,应该特别注意夏季的控温和冬春两季的控湿措施;3）大果圆柏种子生长周期长,易受病...     

广林9号桉幼林的施肥效应

将磷肥、尿素和桉树专用肥3种肥料分为3个水平,对4个不同初植密度广林9号桉树幼林进行施肥处理。采用方差分析方法分析了不同施肥处理及不同初植密度对桉树幼林生长的影响。结果表明：不同施肥种类及施肥量对广林9号桉幼林生长差异显著,桉树专用肥的影响极显著,尿素影响显著,磷肥影响不显著,其中尿素随施用量的增加对苗木生长存在抑制作用;桉树专用肥随施用量的增加对苗木生长有明显促进作用。不同初植密度的1年生广林9号桉幼林生长差异不显著。     

Culling phenotypically inferior trees in seed production area enhances seed and seedling quality of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia auriculiformis</Emphasis>

Improvement in seed and seedling quality of Acacia auriculiformis after culling phenotypically inferior trees was studied in a 6-year old seed production area (SPA). A 5-ha plantation was identified, of which 2.3 ha was converted into SPA. The initial stocking, 1 612 trees·ha⁻¹, was thinned down to 982 trees·ha⁻¹ based on growth characteristics. The following fruiting season, seeds were collected from 10 randomly selected trees in culled and non-culled stands, and seed physical characters, germination and seedling traits were assessed. Seed weight, seed thickness and percentage germination increased by 32.1%, 4.43% and 22.37%, respectively in the culled stand compared to the non-culled stand. Culling also increased the speed of germination, seedling dry weight and seedling vigor index. Heritability values were high for seed weight (0.974) and seed thickness (0.948) while medium values were observed for percentage germination (0.577) and total dry weight (0.534). Predicted genetic gain was 11.13% and 11.22% for seed weight and percentage germination, respectively. The actual gain was 32.1, 51.9 and 22.9% for seed weight, percentage germination and total dry matter, respectively. In conclusion, SPAs established by culling inferior trees could serve as sources of good quality seeds for reforestation programs until genetically improved seeds are made available.     

红王子锦带适应寒温带气候的生长表现

对红王子锦带生物学特性及苗期高生长节律进行观察和研究,结果表明:哈尔滨地区栽植的红王子锦带一般在4月中旬叶芽开始膨大,4月下旬芽开放4,月末开始展叶;5月初为展叶盛期,5月中下旬现蕾;6月上旬初花,6月中、下旬进入盛花期。扦插苗观察6年,高生长于第2年进入速生期,随着树龄增长高生长逐渐趋于缓慢;高生长一年中有2个高峰,二次生长高峰大于一次生长高峰,并于9月中旬停止生长,温热不足,冬眠前生理成熟受限。     

云锦杜鹃等3种野生杜鹃花属植物在广东天井山苗期生长特性研究*

对云锦杜鹃（Rhododendron fortunei）、毛棉杜鹃（R. moulmainense）和刺毛杜鹃（R. championae）3种野生杜鹃花属植物在广东天井山林场的生长特性包括种子发芽、幼苗形态建成及苗木生长节律进行大田观测,结果表明：云锦杜鹃、毛棉杜鹃和刺毛杜鹃种子成熟度较好,平均发芽率分别为77.83%、65.83%、83.34%,可以用种子进行苗木繁殖;幼苗形态建成较为缓慢需80～95 d,为播种繁殖的关键期。3种植物生长期约为10个月,高生长集中在3月下旬至9月中旬,9月中旬至11月下旬进入缓慢生长期,12月下旬基本停止生长进入休眠期。刺毛杜鹃在12月下旬是否完全进入休眠期有待进一步研究。